Orientador: Sonia Regina Albano de Lima / Banca: Celso Antonio Mojola / Banca: Sidney José Molina Júnior / Resumo: Esta pesquisa discute a natureza da improvisação musical e as possibilidades de sua aplicação no ensino de instrumentos e performance musicais. O problema central que motivou a pesquisa se concentra na questão: "É possível elaborar um ensino significativo de improvisação musical nas escolas que trabalham com a performance musical, ou esta seria uma tarefa a se contrapor à natureza do que vem a ser a improvisação?" Essa problemática nos conduziu aos seguintes objetivos: discutir os conceitos de improvisação musical e de aprendizagem significativa; promover cursos e oportunidades de improvisação em escolas que têm a performance como modelo de ensino musical; e oferecer aos estudantes e professores de música alguns paradigmas metodológicos que poderão fazer da improvisação uma das disciplinas dos cursos de prática instrumental ou canto. Para responder a essa indagação, o mestrando parte de sua história de vida, considerando as oportunidades positivas e negativas que proporcionaram seu desenvolvimento musical e seu interesse pela improvisação. No capítulo II são apresentadas as teorias educacionais que deram suporte à proposta pedagógica que se pretendeu aplicar na pesquisa, considerando principalmente a Teoria da aprendizagem significativa de David Paul Ausubel, que explica diversos aspectos da aprendizagem relativa ao ensino geral, da qual aproveitamos os conceitos que dão suporte ao ensino da música e da improvisação. No capítulo III está a revisão bibliográfica utilizada na pesquisa. Pesquisamos livros, teses e dissertações que abordam a improvisação sobre os prismas científico, pedagógico e filosófico. No capítulo IV apresentamos um breve relato do itinerário histórico da improvisação no Ocidente a partir da tradição escrita e sua aplicabilidade no cenário musical atual, adentrando na questão da utilização da improvisação... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This research discusses the nature of musical improvisation and the possibility of applying it to music teaching and musical performances. The central issue that motivated the research is the focus on: "Is it possible to work out a meaningful teaching of musical improvisation at schools that work on musical performance, or would this be a task that goes against the nature of what the improvisation is about?" This issue have led us to the following aims: to discuss musical improvisation and meaningful learning concepts, to promote courses and the chance to improvise in schools that use performance as a model for music teaching, and to offer to music students and teachers some methodological paradigms that will enable to turn improvisation into a discipline in instrumental practice or singing courses. To answer this question, the researcher will take into account his own life experience, considering the positive and negative opportunities that led to his musical development and his interest in improvisation. In chapter II the educational theories that are the background of the pedagogic principles that were applied in the research are presented, particularly David Paul Ausubel's, that explains many aspects of learning for teaching in general. We chose the Ausubel's concepts that could be used to give support to music and improvisation teaching. The third chapter contains the bibliography used in the research. We went through books and papers that looked into improvisation from a scientific, pedagogic and philosophical point of view. In chapter IV there is a brief report about the history of improvisation in the West since it started to be written and how to apply it to the current music scene, and a look into the issue of the use of improvisation in the popular music of the continent. In Chapter V the sources that generated the research are presented divided in three parts: ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-06-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:31:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 albino_cac_me_ia.pdf: 1279568 bytes, checksum: b7edb2bb24a2e576cd475b13cb4c918c (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Esta pesquisa discute a natureza da improvisação musical e as possibilidades de sua aplicação no ensino de instrumentos e performance musicais. O problema central que motivou a pesquisa se concentra na questão: “É possível elaborar um ensino significativo de improvisação musical nas escolas que trabalham com a performance musical, ou esta seria uma tarefa a se contrapor à natureza do que vem a ser a improvisação?” Essa problemática nos conduziu aos seguintes objetivos: discutir os conceitos de improvisação musical e de aprendizagem significativa; promover cursos e oportunidades de improvisação em escolas que têm a performance como modelo de ensino musical; e oferecer aos estudantes e professores de música alguns paradigmas metodológicos que poderão fazer da improvisação uma das disciplinas dos cursos de prática instrumental ou canto. Para responder a essa indagação, o mestrando parte de sua história de vida, considerando as oportunidades positivas e negativas que proporcionaram seu desenvolvimento musical e seu interesse pela improvisação. No capítulo II são apresentadas as teorias educacionais que deram suporte à proposta pedagógica que se pretendeu aplicar na pesquisa, considerando principalmente a Teoria da aprendizagem significativa de David Paul Ausubel, que explica diversos aspectos da aprendizagem relativa ao ensino geral, da qual aproveitamos os conceitos que dão suporte ao ensino da música e da improvisação. No capítulo III está a revisão bibliográfica utilizada na pesquisa. Pesquisamos livros, teses e dissertações que abordam a improvisação sobre os prismas científico, pedagógico e filosófico. No capítulo IV apresentamos um breve relato do itinerário histórico da improvisação no Ocidente a partir da tradição escrita e sua aplicabilidade no cenário musical atual, adentrando na questão da utilização da improvisação... / This research discusses the nature of musical improvisation and the possibility of applying it to music teaching and musical performances. The central issue that motivated the research is the focus on: “Is it possible to work out a meaningful teaching of musical improvisation at schools that work on musical performance, or would this be a task that goes against the nature of what the improvisation is about?” This issue have led us to the following aims: to discuss musical improvisation and meaningful learning concepts, to promote courses and the chance to improvise in schools that use performance as a model for music teaching, and to offer to music students and teachers some methodological paradigms that will enable to turn improvisation into a discipline in instrumental practice or singing courses. To answer this question, the researcher will take into account his own life experience, considering the positive and negative opportunities that led to his musical development and his interest in improvisation. In chapter II the educational theories that are the background of the pedagogic principles that were applied in the research are presented, particularly David Paul Ausubel’s, that explains many aspects of learning for teaching in general. We chose the Ausubel’s concepts that could be used to give support to music and improvisation teaching. The third chapter contains the bibliography used in the research. We went through books and papers that looked into improvisation from a scientific, pedagogic and philosophical point of view. In chapter IV there is a brief report about the history of improvisation in the West since it started to be written and how to apply it to the current music scene, and a look into the issue of the use of improvisation in the popular music of the continent. In Chapter V the sources that generated the research are presented divided in three parts: ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

The work is concentrated on musical functions in children´s and youth´s life in their leisure time and especially musical listening activities. It describes different attitudes to meaning and character of music in history. It concerns in advantage of listening activities in the area of personal children´s and youth´s development. The work notices possible risks which are connected with aversion of parents and teachers to do this leisure-time activity. The last part deals with possibilities of cultivation of listening experiences which are connected with children and youth in their leisure time.

I föreliggande studie presenteras vad instrumentallärare på folkhögskolor anser vara viktigt att arbeta med i sin undervisning med tanke på elevers kommande antagningsprov till musikhögskolor. För att belysa studiens forskningsområde läggs tidigare forskning fram samt annan relevant litteratur kring sociala och musikaliska aspekter på folkhögskolan och i instrumentalundervisning. Även antagningskraven för musikhögskolan inom jazzgenren presenteras. Studiens övergripande perspektiv är pragmatismen och dess metodologiska utgångspunkt är kvalitativ. En kvalitativ intervju har gjorts med fyra respondenter bestående av olika instrumentallärare inom jazzgenren på folkhögskolan. Resultatet visar instrumentallärares bild av individualisering som ett centralt verktyg i deras undervisning samt deras olika syn på aspekter som påverkar elevers utveckling, exempelvis övning, motivation och socialt samspel. Respondenterna lyfter även andra relevanta kunskaper och förmågor inför sökningen till musikhögskolan, vilka i korthet är samspel, improvisation och andra musikaliska faktorer. Studien visar att individualiseringsaspekten är en styrka på folkhögskolan. Övning, målsättning och motivation visar sig höra samman med elevers utveckling och läraren kan inta olika roller för att bidra till sina elevers motivation. Det sociala samspelet i folkhögskolans miljö verkar också vara en påverkande faktor. Avslutningsvis diskuteras bland annat musikhögskolornas sökningsinformation på hemsidorna samt huruvida folkhögskollärarnas val av undervisningsinnehåll är relaterat till lärarens egen musikaliska utbildning. / This study is about what instrumental teachers on folk high schools consider to be important aspects in their lessons in order to prepare their students for the admission tests on music colleges. In order to elaborate on the subject and aims of this study, background information such as relevant literature and a discussion of the social and musical aspects of studying in folk high schools and instrumental music education, is presented. A summary of the entry requirements for swedish music colleges specialising in jazz is also included. The study takes a pragmatic scientific approach and is qualitative in its methodology. As such, qualitative interviews were done with four music teachers at a folk high school specialising in jazz. The results of the research show that the teachers use individualisation as a central tool in their music lessons and that their different approaches have a significant impact on the students´ development in terms of practice, motivation, and social relations. The teachers go so far as to include interplay, improvisation and other musical factors in their lessons. The study shows that individualisation is a strength of the folk high school system. Musical exercises, aimed at setting goals and increasing motivation have an important impact on students musical development. In addition, music teachers take on various different roles to contribute to their students development. The social interplay in the environment of the folk high school is another factor that seems to contribute positively to students’ development. This study concludes with a discussion of the information needed to apply to music colleges and how the choice of content of different teachers at the folk high school is related to their own musical education.

In today's fast changing world, global development of information and communication technology significantly affects many fields of human activity including music and education. As a result, questions concerning effective using of modern technology in musical education have become a major topic within the pedagogical community. Presented dissertation thesis examines utilization of notation software as a modern teaching tool. The software was specifically used to further improve musical creativity of pupils at secondary school (grades 6 to 9). The very first part of the thesis focuses on research framework, contemporary musical technologies, and available notation software tools. A special attention was drawn to MuseScore software that was used in the research. Last but not least, this part of the thesis outlines vital facts connected with musical creativity field of knowledge. Second part of the thesis is dedicated to author's research and starts with determination of project scope, goals, and basic working hypothesis. The actual research was carried out in several phases with subsequent real-life verification of acquired results. Main research work included development of experimental musical teaching methodology for children in sixth grade. Here, the notation software was used as a tool for stimulated...

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender como se constituem as práticas musicais realizadas fora da aula de música, nos espaços/tempos do/no Conservatório Estadual de Música "Dr. José Zóccoli de Andrade” de Ituiutaba-MG. O aluno desse Conservatório é visto como um ser social, tecido por inúmeras características ligadas ao seu contexto sociocultural, e que têm relação direta com suas práticas musicais nessa escola de música. A partir de um olhar ligado às teorias do cotidiano, pretendeu-se também compreender quais eram essas práticas musicais, como aconteciam e se organizavam nos espaços/tempos em que os alunos estavam no Conservatório, mas, fora da aula de música, em espaços/tempos como corredores, pátio, hall e, até mesmo, na própria sala de aula, horários vagos, recreios, horários burlados, entre outros. O olhar teórico dirigido para essas práticas está fundamentado em alguns conceitos das teorias do cotidiano, sobretudo na perspectiva de Pais (2003); da música e da educação musical como prática social, na visão de Souza (2000, 2004, 2009); nas ideias de Brougère (2012) sobre aprendizagem no cotidiano; e nos conceitos de espaços/tempos, de Lindón (2000). Em uma abordagem qualitativa, o estudo de caso foi o método adotado nesta pesquisa, e os procedimentos de coleta de dados foram observações e entrevistas com alunos. Como conclusão, os alunos se organizam de diferentes formas para realizarem essas práticas musicais, algumas delas de forma prevista e outras não previstas, de formas individuais e/ou compartilhadas, e subsidiadas pela execução e escuta musical. As práticas musicais realizadas nos espaços/tempos livres da aula de música são ações importantes no contexto diversificado dessa escola de música, e que contribui para o entendimento dos processos de ensino/aprendizagem musical nesse Conservatório. / The present research aims at understanding how the musical practices are carried out outside music classes in the space/time in the State Conservatory of Music "Dr. José Zôccoli de Andrade" of Ituiutaba-MG. The student of this Conservatory are seen as social beings made of numerous characteristics due to their socio-cultural context, which is directly related to their musical practices in the school of music. From the point of view related everyday life theories, it was intended to also understand what those musical practices were and how they used to happen and to be organized in space/time when students are at the Conservatory but out of music class in space/time like hallways, patio, hall and even the classroom itself, free time between classes, at the unofficial break time, among others. The theoretical view directed to these practices is based on some concepts of theories of everyday life from the perspective of Pais (2003), of music education as social practice in the vision of Souza (2000, 2004, 2009), the ideas of Brougère (2012) about learning in daily life, and in the concepts of space/time of Lindôn (2000). In a qualitative approach, the case study was the method adopted in this research, and data collection procedures were observations and interviews with students. It is concluded that the students are organized in different ways to perform these musical practices, some of them expected and not expected, individual or/and shared ways and grounded on performances and musical listening. The musical practices carried out in the space/free time music class are important actions in the context of this diversified School of music, and that contributes to the understanding of the teaching/learning processes in the musical Conservatory. / Dissertação (Mestrado)

Esta pesquisa estuda o projeto de canto orfeônico nas escolas públicas paulistas das décadas de 1910 e 1920. Nesta época, os mentores do movimento orfeônico João Gomes Junior, Carlos Alberto Gomes Cardim, Fabiano Lozano, Lázaro Lozano, Honorato Faustino e João Baptista Julião foram pioneiros em trazer essa modalidade de ensino musical para a escola brasileira. Ainda assim, muitos deles foram em grande medida esquecidos ou, ao menos, colocados num segundo plano na história da educação musical. Este projeto de ensino musical buscava civilizar os costumes, favorecer a construção de uma identidade nacional e ensinar uma audição de mundo associada aos padrões da música ocidental moderna erudita. O período abordado é de notável importância para o ensino musical, uma vez que as experiências e postulados aí desenvolvidos representaram a fonte de Villa-Lobos para fazer do canto orfeônico um fenômeno de dimensão nacional no Brasil na década de 1930. / This research studies the Orpheonic Singing project in public schools of São Paulo State in the 1910s and 1920s. At that time, the men who idealized such initiative João Gomes Junior, Carlos Alberto Gomes Cardim, Fabiano Lozano, Lázaro Lozano, Honorato Faustino e João Baptista Julião were pioneers in bringing to Brazilian schools this kind of musical teaching. Despite of that, many of them have been largely forgotten or, at least, have had their role minimized in Brazilian history of music education. This project intended to civilize social customs, with the objective of building national identity, and to teach a point of earring tied to the standards of western erudite music tradition. Musical teaching experiences and axioms of the 1910s and 1920s decades were especially important for they were the main source used by Villa-Lobos to become Orpheonic Singing a national phenomenon in the 1930s in Brazil.

Esta pesquisa estuda o projeto de canto orfeônico nas escolas públicas paulistas das décadas de 1910 e 1920. Nesta época, os mentores do movimento orfeônico João Gomes Junior, Carlos Alberto Gomes Cardim, Fabiano Lozano, Lázaro Lozano, Honorato Faustino e João Baptista Julião foram pioneiros em trazer essa modalidade de ensino musical para a escola brasileira. Ainda assim, muitos deles foram em grande medida esquecidos ou, ao menos, colocados num segundo plano na história da educação musical. Este projeto de ensino musical buscava civilizar os costumes, favorecer a construção de uma identidade nacional e ensinar uma audição de mundo associada aos padrões da música ocidental moderna erudita. O período abordado é de notável importância para o ensino musical, uma vez que as experiências e postulados aí desenvolvidos representaram a fonte de Villa-Lobos para fazer do canto orfeônico um fenômeno de dimensão nacional no Brasil na década de 1930. / This research studies the Orpheonic Singing project in public schools of São Paulo State in the 1910s and 1920s. At that time, the men who idealized such initiative João Gomes Junior, Carlos Alberto Gomes Cardim, Fabiano Lozano, Lázaro Lozano, Honorato Faustino e João Baptista Julião were pioneers in bringing to Brazilian schools this kind of musical teaching. Despite of that, many of them have been largely forgotten or, at least, have had their role minimized in Brazilian history of music education. This project intended to civilize social customs, with the objective of building national identity, and to teach a point of earring tied to the standards of western erudite music tradition. Musical teaching experiences and axioms of the 1910s and 1920s decades were especially important for they were the main source used by Villa-Lobos to become Orpheonic Singing a national phenomenon in the 1930s in Brazil.