Aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles, en Italie, une ample production de tragédies voit le jour, parmi lesquelles de nombreuses pièces consacrées à des héroïnes éponymes. Nés de procédés complexes de réécriture (de mythes, de récits historiques, de sources religieuses et littéraires), ces personnages, qui posent sur scène la question du rapport entre la femme et le pouvoir, mobilisent le jugement des auteurs et du public sur des débats capitaux pour la société de l’époque. Par des démarches d’écriture particulières, plus ou moins explicites, le théâtre tragique se fait ainsi théâtre politique, puisqu’il élève la cité à la dignité d’un spectacle qui s’interroge sur ses mécanismes civiques et culturels. / Tragedy was a genre that flourished in Italy in the 16th and 17th century of which numerous examples were dedicated to the eponymous heroines. Created in the process of rewriting (réécriture) of myths, historical narratives and various religious and literary sources, those characters bring up questions concerning the relation between women and power encouraging authors and their public to take part in the debates that are crucial for the contemporary society. Through more or less explicit literary means, tragic theater becomes a political theater for it raises the city to the dignity of the spectacle that reflects on its civic and cultural mechanisms.

O presente trabalho é uma análise das obras de Albert Camus e de Jean-Paul Sartre sob o ângulo do que o crítico russo E. M. Mielietínski designou, em sua A Poética do Mito, de remitologização moderna, fenômeno de revalorização do mito, forma de discurso e de pensamento supostamente arcaica, mas que, em pleno século XX era que deveria marcar o auge da dessacralização e autonomização racional do homem, ressurge como representação poderosa de explicitação da condição humana e do tempo presente. Um ressurgimento mais patente na literatura com as obras de Joyce, Kafka e Thomas Mann, entre outros, crítica literária e ciências humanas (especialmente a psicologia freudiana e junguiana e a etnologia), mas que também intervém de maneira significativa na filosofia ocidental, em bases que nos propomos a abordar em suas figurações particulares em Albert Camus e Jean-Paul Sartre. A célebre querela entre os dois, por conta da publicação por Camus de O Homem Revoltado, em 1952, oferece o contexto objetivo para uma investigação que, contudo, vai além de tal episódio, e mesmo das diferenças exclusivamente ideológicas e filosófico-doutrinais ali em questão. Tomando por eixo privilegiado de análise justamente O Homem Revoltado, pretendemos estudar os principais aspectos da armação mitopoética da obra, à luz de suas ressonâncias em outras obras do autor, para depois lançar pistas para um cotejo deste específico \"mitologismo moderno\" que também propomos desvendar enquanto fenômeno de \"camuflagem do sagrado\", segundo Mircea Eliade com o que Sartre apresenta especialmente na peça As Moscas, em suas concepções dramatúrgicas em geral e também em textos como \"Erostrato\" e o \"Prefácio\" de Os Condenados da Terra, de Frantz Fanon, no que nos propomos chamar de a antropo(a)gonia mítica sartriana, calcada no valor simbólico da violência para a gênese do humano, em contraste com a \"nostalgia participativa\" que, em Camus, une os homens entre si e com a Natureza. / This thesis analyzes the works of Albert Camus and Jean-Paul Sartre by the perspective designated by the Russian critic E.M. Mielietínski in his book The Poetics of Myth, as modern remythologization, the phenomenon of revalorization of myth, a form of discourse and thought supposedly archaic but that in the 20th century an era that should mark the apex of man\'s secularism and rational autonomy reemerges as a powerful representation of the universal human condition and/or the present time. An evident resurgence in literature through the works of Joyce, Kafka and Thomas Mann, among others literary criticism and the humanities (especially Jungian Freudian and psychology as well as ethnology) but one that also intervenes in a significant manner in Western philosophy, on foundations which we propose to approach through the particular case of Albert Camus and Jean-Paul Sartre. The famous quarrel between the two, due to Camus\'s publication of The Rebel in 1952, offers the objective context for an investigation that reaches beyond that episode and the exclusively ideological differences and philosophical doctrines in question. Privileging an analysis of The Rebel, we intend to study the principal aspects of the book\'s mythic-poetic motif, in light of its resonance with the author\'s other works, in order to set the stage for a comparison of this specific \"modern mythology\" which we further propose to reveal using the \"camouflage of the sacred\" phenomenon, according to Mircea Eliade with that which Sartre presents, particularly in the theatrical piece The Flies, in his dramaturgical concepts in general and also in written works such as \"Erostrato\" and the preface to Franz Fanon\'s Wretched of the Earth, in what we propose to call the mythic Sartrian anthropo(a)gonv, draped in the symbolic value of violence to the human genesis, in contrast with the \"participatory nostalgia\" which, in Camus, unites men within themselves and Nature.

This thesis takes Ariadne's abandonment as a case study in order to examine the literary processes of reception that underlie the transmission of classical myth in different eras and cultural contexts - from Classical Antiquity through the Italian Renaissance. Rather than focusing on the ways in which visual representations of Ariadne relate to literary treatments, it draws attention to the literary reliance on a cultural framework, shared by writer and reader, that enables dynamic storytelling. It argues that literary variation of the myth is central to its successful transmission, not least because it allows for appropriations and adaptations that can be made to fit new social and religious parameters, such as Christian conventions in the Middle Ages. In focusing on the important role played by the visual arts in the classical tradition, this research further challenges the still prevalent misconception that the visual arts are secondary to literature, and refutes the common assumption that the relationship between image and text is unidirectional. It highlights the visual impulses leading to paradigm shifts in the literary treatment of the abandonment narrative, and examines the ways in which writers engage with the visual tradition in order to re-shape the ancient narrative. Throughout, attention is drawn to the visual and cultural framework shared by ancient writers and readers, and to the lack of engagement with this framework in traditional classical scholarship. Through its focus on the literary narratives' visuality and mutability, this thesis offers a new paradigm for studying classical myth and its reception.

A temática do duplo é assunto recorrente dentro da Literatura desde tempos primordiais, sendo encontrada nela diferentes formas de constituição da duplicidade. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as obras Amphytruo, do escritor latino Plauto e O Homem Duplicado, do escritor português José Saramago por meio da investigação do tema do duplo presente nas duas obras em questão. Dessa forma, o diálogo entre as obras se estabelece por meio do mito de Anfitrião, que é retomado pelos dois escritores transfigurado segundo a intenção de cada um. Nosso proposito é, amparados pela literatura comparada, investigar como o tema do duplo é tratado em cada obra, para qual direcionamento a crise identitária imanente em cada uma aponta e examinar quais mecanismos intertextuais cada escritor se vale para compor suas obras retomando/renovando seu protótipo. A análise das referidas obras tem, como apoio teórico, os estudos bakhtinianos sobre o dialogismo e os elementos intertextuais de acréscimo, supressão, inversão e deslocamento. Por meio da análise empreendida, verificamos como os autores retomam o tema do duplo para abordar a cisão da identidade dos sujeitos de suas épocas. Do estudo podemos apreender que a literatura clássica, por ser monolítica, não assume dimensões dramáticas, diferente da literatura moderna que atinge, com maior frequência, desfechos trágicos. / The theme of the double is recurring issue in the literature since early times, founding it up different forms of constitution of duplicity. This study aims to analyze the works Amphytruo, of the Latin writer Plautus and O Homem Duplicado, of the Portuguese writer Jose Saramago by investigating the theme of this double in the two works in question. Thus, the dialogue between the works is established through the myth of Host, which is taken up by two writers transfigured for the intentions of each. Our purpose is supported by comparative literature to investigate how the theme of the double is treated in each work, to which direction the immanent identity crisis points in each and examine what intertextual mechanisms each writer uses to create his works returning / renewing its prototype. The analysis of these works has as theoretical support, Bakhtin studies on dialogism and the intertextual elements of addition, deletion, inversion and displacement. Through this analysis, we examine how the authors take up the subject of the double to approach the identity split of the subjects of their times. From this study we learn that the classic literature, for being monolithic, does not assumes dramatic dimensions, unlike the modern literature which affects, more often, tragic endings.

Este estudo parte da idéia de que se pode encontrar, sob o processo de desenvolvimento da consciência, em O Dia dos Prodígios, obra da autora portuguesa Lídia Jorge, referências que remetem à maneira pela qual esta consciência se constitui nos habitantes de Vilamaninhos, cidade fictícia em que se inscreve a ação no romance. O objetivo desta pesquisa consiste em verificar o estado de consciência dos habitantes dessa aldeia e a dinâmica da passagem desse nível precário para outro, mais elevado, nas personagens femininas Branca Volante e Carminha Parda e na personagem masculina Macário, uma espécie de trovador medieval da aldeia. O exame leva em conta o confronto da aldeia com os soldados que, na narrativa, são os que se inserem no mundo da cultura e que vão levar à aldeia a notícia da Revolução dos Cravos, fato histórico que serve de pano de fundo para o desenvolvimento da trama. Também são examinadas as relações entre as personagens de Vilamaninhos e, ainda, entre estas e os soldados, a linguagem que utilizam; e a atmosfera mítica que permeia o romance. Além disso, investiga-se o contexto histórico da Revolução dos Cravos, que possibilita compreender o rudimentar nível de consciência dos camponeses em relação ao real, sua desarticulação em relação ao universo cosmopolita e seu conseqüente desencontro consigo mesmo, transformado em um ser esvaziado de sentido. Sendo assim, o fato de se apresentarem com um grau de consciência muito precário mostra a alienação do povo de Vilamaninhos, com relação ao restante da sociedade e instiga reflexões sobre as relações humanas. / The starting point for this study is the supposition that, under the process of consciousness development, in O Dia dos Prodígios, narrative work written by the contemporary Portuguese writer Lídia Jorge, lies a series of references to how the character\'s state of consciousness is and develops along the story. Thus the purpose of this analysis is to verify the state of consciousness of the inhabitants of Vilamaninhos, a small Portuguese village, as well as the dynamics of the transition from such precarious level to a more developed one, the latter illustrated by the female characters of Branca Volante and Carminha Parda, and also by the male character of Macário, who represents a kind of medieval troubadour of the village. This analysis takes into account the confrontation between the inhabitants and the soldiers, who represent the cultured and civilized world (in opposition to the archaic community of Vilamaninhos), and who will tell the villagers the great news about The Oillet Revolution, historic event that fits as a background for the development of the plot. Personal contacts among the villagers and with the outsiders (like the soldiers, for example), their language, the myths supporting their conception of reality are also examined. The socio-historical context of the Oillet Revolution is also investigated, for it helps to understand the villager\'s rudimentary state of consciousness as to the apprehension of reality, their disconnection with the civilized world and their consequent inner disconnection, which makes them sense-emptied individuals. Thereby, such rudimentary level of consciousness shows the villager\'s alienation relatively to the rest of society, and the study of this social situation instigates reflections about human relations.

Esta dissertação de Mestrado se ocupa da compreensão simbólica da trajetória do técnico do voleibol, relacionada com a figura mítica de Quíron e seus atletas, avaliando a importância do técnico como elemento fundamental para a construção do atleta. Este último, por suas muitas similaridades com o mito do herói, passa a ser entendido como uma figura ímpar, com o quê podemos entender suas façanhas. Sincronicamente, o atleta, por representar uma condição heroica, reclama pela presença fundamental de um mestre em sua formação. O mestre se atualiza na figura do treinador, aproximando-se e amplificando esta visão com o mito de Quíron. Destas associações decorrem elementos básicos para a melhor compreensão do desenvolvimento e estruturação de personalidade do atleta, embasando o aprimoramento do seu rendimento. Do encontro simbólico do técnico-mestre com seu atleta-herói, estuda-se o fenômeno da liderança, ampliado com mitologemas em que personagens líderes se fazem presentes. A par da amplificação mítica, a dissertação buscou elementos, para melhor compreensão da presente temática, em dados biográficos decorrentes de entrevistas com três técnicos do voleibol brasileiro, medalhistas olímpicos como jogadores ou técnicos: Bebeto de Freitas, Bernardinho e Giovane. No mito do herói são descritos sua origem, sua natureza, características de personalidade, condições de nascimento e morte, seus trabalhos e ritos iniciáticos, além de sua importância civilizatória. No mito de Quíron, descrito de forma detalhada, retoma-se a temática de sua origem, seu nascimento, sua criação e recebimento dos ensinos das artes, circunstâncias e consequências de seu ferimento, bem como sua nobreza de caráter. A dissertação tece considerações gerais sobre o quanto sua realização mobilizou emocionalmente o autor, a par de fazer comentários sobre os ensinamentos encontrados nas falas dos três técnicos. Ela explicita, fundamentalmente, a correlação simbólica entre a figura do técnico de voleibol, exercendo-se pela função polar do mentor, com a figura do atleta deste esporte, na função polar complementar do aprendiz / This master degree dissertation occupies of a symbolic comprehension of the volleyballs coach pathway related with the mythic figure of Quiron and its athletes, evaluating the coachs importance as a fundamental element for the athletes construction. The athlete, as it has a lot of similarities with the heros myth is understood as a unique figure, as we can understand its achievements. Synchronously, the athlete, as a representative of a heroic condition, asks for the masters presence in its formation. The master actualizes in the coachs figure approximating and increasing this view with the Quirons myth. Result of these associations derives basic elements for a better comprehension of the development and structuring of the athletes personality basing the refinement of its performance. The symbolic meeting between master-coach and hero-athlete, the leadership phenomenon is studied, amplified with the mythologems where leaders characters are presented. The dissertation searched elements, for a better comprehension of the set of themes presented, in the biographical information of the three coaches, olympic medalists, as an athlete or as a coach, of the Brazilian volleyball: Bebeto de Freitas, Bernardinho and Giovane. The heros myth is described in: its origin, its nature, personality traits, birth and death conditions, its works and beginning ceremonies, its civilization importance. In the Quirons myth, detailed described, retakes the origin of its themes, birth, as it was created and how received its instructions about arts, the circumstances they were wounded and the consequences of its wound, as the nobility of its character. The paper shows general considerations on how its realization emotionally mobilized its author, along with comments and observations on teachings found in the speeches of the three coaches. The paper explains, fundamentally, the symbolic correlation between the volleyballs coach, playing by the mentors polar function, with the figure of the volleyballs athlete, playing by the complement polar function of apprentice

abstract: While there is a good amount of research focused on sex offenders as a whole, only a limited number of studies examine variations within these offenders, how people view the variations, and why their opinions may differ. This study focuses on the interconnections among gender norms, rape myth acceptance, and the perception of sex offenders by administering an online student survey. The survey measured rape myth acceptance and adherence to traditional gender roles to see how they affected perceptions of sex offenders. Perceptions were measured using vignettes that were varied by gender and the situation described. Results showed that higher rape myth acceptance would decrease the blameworthiness of the offender, that the offender was seen as more blameworthy when the offender was a male, and that women tended to see the offender as more blameworthy than men did. The type of sexual situation did not have an impact on blameworthiness, nor did adherence to gender roles. The findings support past research that suggests that rape myth acceptance can impact people’s opinions about offenders in sexual situations and specifically that these opinions differ depending on the gender of the offender. With some offenders being viewed as more blameworthy than others, it is necessary to examine sex offense laws to see how they may disproportionately affect some offenders and implement harsher punishments than the public may deem necessary. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Criminology and Criminal Justice 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine the attitudes, opinions, and beliefs of Utah residents concerning what role, if any, the L.D.S. Church should play in Utah politics; if they believe in the concept of a separation of church and state; whether they feel a separation of church and state exists in Utah; and how much influence they perceive the predominant faith of the state has on its politics. Thus, the four following hypotheses were designed: 1. Utah residents will perceive that churches should be involved in moral, but not political issues. 2. Utah residents will perceive that there should be a separation of church and state. 3. Utahns will perceive that a separation of church and state does not exist in Utah. 4. Utah residents will perceive that the predominant faith of this state has considerable influence on Utah politics. In order that these hypotheses could be tested, an instrument was designed and pre-tested; a random-systematic sample was drawn from all Utah telephone directories; interviews were conducted; responses were recorded and computerized and reported in this study.

Current creativity research is dominated by attention to the individual, with increasingly less attention paid to creativity in its context, in groups, and in filmmaking as a collaboratively creative enterprise. This study answers the research call to explore filmmaking as an exemplar for collaborative creativity. Utilizing the stories told on DVD extras on special edition releases of feature films, this study analyzes how collaborative creativity is storied. In turn, these stories reveal specific communication forms, practices, and strategies that enrich theoretical conceptions of collaborative creativity. Following dramatistic concepts elaborated by Kenneth Burke, this rhetorical analysis finds three emergent patterns of communication--mythic, historic, and symbolic--in the discourses of making-of-documentaries (MODs) that illuminate collaborative creativity. As mythic patterns, MODs utilize the structure of the quest tale to organize the plot, drama, and rhetoric of collaborative creativity told in MODs. Audiences, then, are invited to re-experience the journey, and every MOD symbolically and ritually repeats and re-actualizes the cosmogony. As historic patterns, filmmakers converse in history with filmmaking predecessors, traditional industry practices, and present collaborators. Through their various roles as fans, critics, and memorialists, filmmakers renovate and commemorate film history, offering creativity theory criteria by which novelty is evaluated. As symbolic patterns, MOD discourse spotlights the metaphors filmmakers use to create collaborative environments and to characterize directors' performances. Together these metaphors create a guiding and habitable ideology for production work that improves upon "vision" as one guiding metaphor for creativity. This analysis enriches theoretical accounts of creativity by approaching collaborative creativity obliquely, as space-off, and rhetorically, as inducements to success stories in organizations. Taking communication as central to collaborative creativity, this study offers three counter-statements to traditional conceptions of creativity: creativity is shared, not possessed; collaborative creativity emerges within human drama; and collaborative creativity lives and finds its meaning in performance.

This study explores the local news story for evidence of the folktale tradition. It examines a range of local news stories for their folktale functions. The study compares the cultural and psychological function of the news story to that of the folktale and compares the functional definition of folklore to that of journalism. The study also explores the idea of a classifiable sphere of formal character, motif and plot functions that may be explored within the news story and folktale texts. This study builds on the premise that the study of folklore should be at the center of a consideration of the cultural context of local news stories. Using the ideas of formal classification, the study examines a selection of local news stories with folktale characteristics for evidence of folktale functions as structural features within the text. In analyzing content, the study employs a structuralist methodology to evaluate the folktale and mythic functions in the text. The study evaluates the selection of purposefully chosen news story texts for the existence of folktale functions, types, motifs, and key master myths defined formally by a structuralist methodology. In part, this study explores how folklore acts within culture as a socio-psychological dynamic. From the findings of the critical reading, the study begins to probe the idea of the folktale function of journalism as a cultural psychodynamic. Through the analysis of a selection of carefully chosen regional texts, this study provides an example of the application of the folktale function of journalism, examining the news story as a page in the tradition of folklore.