Universiẗat, Diss., 2000--Stuttgart.

Zugl.: Regensburg, Univ., Diss., 2008

Zugl.: Regensburg, Universiẗat, Diss., 2008.

<p>Att köra bil är en komplex uppgift som kräver mycket av förarens kognitiva processer. I dagens samhälle finns det system som ska stödja säkerheten vid bilkörning och ett exempel på ett sådant system är navigationssystem som ska hjälpa föraren att hitta vägen till en destination. Det finns dock en risk att ett navigationssystem kan belasta förarens uppmärksamhet och andra kognitiva processer. Det är därför av vikt att det finns tillfredsställande metoder för att mäta förarens belastning på. Arbetet är en litteraturstudie som syftar till att kritiskt granska och jämföra två av dessa metoder, sekundära uppgifter och NASA TLX, i samband med bilkörning och navigationssystem. Det verkar finnas en tendens till att forskning inom navigationssystem inte använder metoden sekundära uppgifter särskilt ofta medan forskning inom bilkörning gör det. Detta visade sig stämma överens med den slutgiltiga analysen. Sekundära uppgifter visade sig vara mer lämplig metod att använda för att mäta belastning. Det skulle därför vara till fördel om forskningen inom navigationssystem utförde studier där metoden sekundära uppgifter används.</p>

Wirtschaftsuniv., Diss.--Wien, 2005.

Zugl.: Stuttgart, Univ., Diss., 2007

Med detta kandidatarbete vill vi undersöka funktionaliteten mellan röststyrning och andra styrenheter inom smarta hem, där fokuset för undersökningen är behov och intresse av tekniken. Med hjälp utav synsättet agentiell realism som förklaras av Karen Barads teorier finner vi en inblick om hur människan påverkas av dagens enheter och hur enheterna påverkas av oss. Designprocessen uppvisar arbetet kring gestaltningen med hjälp utav ett sammankopplande av en röststyrt internet of things applikation, vilket under en kvalitativ intervju får ett resultat kring frågeställning som används till grund för undersökningen. Resultatet för frågeställningen visar de intervjuade personernas subjektiva åsikt och tankar om röststyrning i dagens hem och om det är något som eftersträvas. Denna undersökning visar att röststyrningen är ett intresse och ett mindre behov i det vardagliga hemmet, men behöver mer utveckling för att fler människor skall vilja använda den.

The aim of the study was to investigate whether users preferred a horizontal or vertical global navigation system on an e-commerce website in the fashion industry. In addition, the purpose was also to investigate what features users expected in a global navigation system and to examine what users considered to be particularly important in the design of labels in global navigation systems. A user centered method called Contextual inquiry was adopted do define user expectations, opinions and needs on global navigation systems in the fashion industry. In the study ten participants participated and studied two e-commerce websites in the fashion industry: ginatricot.com and zara.com. The aspects investigated in relation to global navigation systems were user-centered design, horizontal and vertical global navigation systems, features and labels in a global navigation system. The method contributed to a deeper understanding of how web designers can customize the global navigation system on e-commerce websites in the fashion industry for users. For example, by involving users early in the development process, customizing labels based on user´s languages, designing clear links using easy-to read font and color, implementing the global navigation system on top of the website, using a logo as a home button and implementing a clear search feature in the global navigation system.

Software is the crux of many commercial, industrial and military systems. The software systems need to be very reliable especially in case of safety critical systems. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and manned aircraft are safety critical systems and hence failures related to software or software-hardware interaction leads to huge problems. The software systems need to be certified before they are deployed. Even after being certified several accidents and incidents have occurred and are occurring. The software errors can occur during any phase of software development. The reliability of the software is enhanced using the verification process. Runtime monitoring has various advantages over testing and model checking. Hence this thesis work explores runtime monitoring of UAV. The runtime monitoring shall verify the run of the current system state. The runtime monitoring shall monitor the health of the UAV and shall report to the operator about its status. The software faults and errors if not prevented shall lead to software failure. UAV lacks the situational awareness due to absence of pilot onboard. This motivated to use runtime monitor to enhance the situation awareness. The runtime monitor shall detect the software errors and avoid failures. This monitor shall also enhance the situational awareness of the remote operator. The runtime monitor that enhance situation awareness shall not only be applicable to specific UAV but this shall be applicable to all the UAV’s. Hence this work provides an independent Generic Runtime Monitor (GRM) to enhance the situation awareness. The runtime monitor has various methods but using formal specifications in specific using Linear Temporal Logic(LTL) to generate monitor is considered in this work. Runtime monitoring makes UAV more safe and at the same time reduces the costs as it verifies only the current run of the system state by providing a detection of critical errors. The situation awareness includes functional and environmental states that remote pilot shall not be aware of. The architecture plays vital role for the system design. GRM architecture is one such architecture which chalks out the overall independent system design for the runtime monitoring of the UAV system. This architecture is an extensible one. The generic requirements were elicited from different sources such as Aircraft Incidents and Accidents, Boeing Aero Magazine, Autonomous Rotorcraft Testbed for Intelligent Systems (ARTIS) requirements, generic Autonomy Levels for Unmanned Rotorcraft Systems (ALFURS) framework etc. The situation awareness can be categorized into three levels namely perception, comprehension and projection. The requirements were elicited for all the three levels of situation awareness. These requirements further formalized using temporal logics. The formalized requirements further translated into state automaton automatically.

Navigation systems are one of the most commonly found electronic gadgets in modern vehicles nowadays. Alongside navigation units this technology is made readily available to individuals in everyday devices such as a mobile phone. Digital maps which come preloaded on these devices accommodate within them an extensive dataset of spatial information from around the globe which aids the driver in achieving a well guided driving experience. Apart from being essential for navigation this sensor information backs up other vehicular applications in making intelligent decisions. The quality of this information delivered is in direct relation to the underlying dataset used to produce these maps. Since we live in a highly dynamic environment with constantly changing geography, an effort is necessary to keep these maps updated with the most up to date information as frequently as possible. The digital map of interest in this study is OpenStreetMap, the underlying data of which is a combination of donated as well as crowdsourced information from the last 10 years. This extensive dataset helps in building of a detailed digital map of the world using well defined cartographic techniques. The information within OpenStreetMap is currently enhanced by a large group of volunteers who willing use donated satellite imagery, uploaded GPS tracks, field surveys etc. to correct and collect necessary data for a region of interest. Though this method helps in improving and increasing the quality and quantity of the OpenStreetMap dataset, it is very time consuming and requires a great deal of human effort. Through this thesis an effort is made to automatically enrich this dataset by preprocessing crowdsourced sensor data collected from the navigation system and driver assistance systems (Traffic Sign Recognition system and a Lane Detection System) of a driving vehicle. The kind of data that is algorithmically derived includes the calculation of the curvature of the underlying road, correction of speed limit values for individual road segments being driven and the identification of change in the geometry of existing roads due to closure of old ones or addition of new ones in the Nuremberg region of Bavaria, Germany. Except for a small percentage of speed limit information on roads segments, other information is currently not available in the OpenStreetMap database for use in safety and comfort related applications. The navigation system has the ability to deliver geographical data in form of GPS coordinates at a certain frequency. This set of GPS coordinates can grouped together to form a GPS track visualizing the actual path traversed by a driving vehicle. A large number of such GPS tracks repeatedly collected from different vehicles driving in a region of interest gives all GPS points which lie on a particular road. These points, after outlier elimination methods are used as a dataset to scientifically determine the underlying curvature of the road with the aid of curve fitting techniques. Additional information received from the lane detection system helps identify curves on a road for which the curvature must be calculated. The fusion of information from these sources helps to achieve curvature results with high accuracy. Traffic sign recognition system helps detect traffic signs while driving, the fusion of this data with geographical information from the navigation system at the instance of detection helps determine road segments for which the recognized speed limit values are valid. This thesis successfully demonstrates a method to automatically enrich OpenStreetMap data by crowdsourcing raw sensor data from multiple vehicles equipped with driver assistance systems. All OpenStreetMap attributes were 100% updated into the database and the results have proven the effectiveness our system architecture. The positive results obtained in combination with minimal errors promise a better future for assisted driving.