Rev. version of the author's thesis (doctoral). / Includes bibliographical references and index.

A presente dissertação propõe-se a discutir a influência da linguagem neoclássica na formação da paisagem urbana das cidades valeparaibanas a partir do estabelecimento de uma elite ligada à cultura do café nessa região. Seu recorte cronológico abrange o período entre 1830 e 1890, enquanto espacialmente tem seu foco direcionado na cidade de Lorena, São Paulo, de modo a cobrir as transformações aí ocorridas desde a chegada do café até o esgotamento dessa cultura. A segunda metade do séc. XIX coloca-se como um momento importante para o seu processo de urbanização, pois companhando as transformações urbanas, surgiram e consolidaram-se exemplos paisagísticos próprios da sociedade do café: ruas arborizadas com renques de palmeiras, a demonstrar a proximidade com a Corte, a sinalizar os novos “modos afrancesados”. Discute ainda, por um lado, as origens do jardim paisagista inglês implantado no Brasil nesse período, cujo expoente é Glaziou e, por outro, as razões para a adoção da palmeira imperial (Roystonea oleracea) como símbolo de nobreza e sua ligação com a linguagem neoclássica, sendo utilizada com o propósito de qualificar os logradouros públicos a fim de equipará-los aos novos edifícios que substituíam aqueles da tradição colonial. / This essay proposes to discuss the influence of neoclassical language in the urban landscape formation of the cities in the Paraiba's Valley started with the settlement there of an elite, connected with coffee growing. Its chronological focus concerns the period between 1830 and 1890, while its spatial focus is oriented to Lorena city, estate of São Paulo, covering the transformations that occurred there, since the beginning of coffee growing until its exhaustion by the 1890s, corresponding, not by chance, with the end of the Second Empire. The second half of XIX century is seen as a fundamental moment for the urbanization process, because following the urban transformations, specifics landscapes examples of the coffee society appeared and consolidated: streets with rows of palm trees, trying to demonstrate a proximity with the Court, signalizing the new 'Frenchified manners.’ Also, the essay discusses the origins of the British landscape garden implanted in Brazil at that time, where Glaziou was the leading exponent, and the reasons why the Royal Palm Tree (Roystonea oleracea) was adopted as a symbol of nobility and its connections with the neoclassical language, being used with the aim of characterize public areas, to make them equal to the new buildings that were taking place of those within the colonial tradition.

Le but des tokamaks est de produire de l'énergie à partir des réactions de fusion Deutérium-Tritium. Les impuretés dégradant les performances du plasma, par dilution et rayonnement, sont produites par: réactions D-T (Hélium), injection de gaz et interaction plasma-paroi. Dans ITER le divertor sera en Tungstène (W). Les expériences sur JET et ASDEX-Upgrade montrent que W peut pénétrer jusqu'au cœur du plasma et conduire à un effondrement radiatif. La compréhension, la prédiction et le contrôle du transport du W est de fait obligatoire. Collisions et turbulence contribuent au transport d'impuretés. Dans la topologie magnétique du tokamak, les collisions mènent au transport néoclassique. Jusqu'à présent, ces deux canaux de transport sont modélisés séparément, en supposant les flux additifs. Nous avons abordé cette question critique au moyen de simulations gyrocinétiques (GK) 5D avec le code GYSELA. Nous avons construit un nouvel opérateur de collision GK multi-espèces, valable pour toute impureté trace thermique. La version réduite implémentée vérifie les propriétés de conservation des collisions élastiques et la théorie néoclassique. Le coefficient de diffusion et la vitesse de pincement sont en accord avec les prédictions pour tous les régimes de collisionnalité. L'écrantage thermique du W est également retrouvé, mais pas à l'amplitude attendue. Des simulations auto-cohérentes révèlent les synergies entre les transports néoclassiques et turbulents: le flux total de W diffère jusqu'à un facteur 2 de la somme des deux flux obtenu à partir de simulations distinctes. Ceci est partiellement dû à la modification par la turbulence du mode poloïdal m = 1 du potentiel électrique. / Tokamaks aim at producing energy out of Deuterium-Tritium fusion reactions. Impurity degrade performance by diluting the D-T fuel and radiating. They originate from D-T reactions (Helium), or from edge seeding and plasma-wall interaction. In ITER the divertor will be in Tungsten (W). JET and ASDEX-Upgrade experiments have shown that W can penetrate up to the core and lead to radiative collapses. Understanding, predicting and possibly controlling its transport is therefore mandatory. Both collisions and turbulence contribute to impurity transport. In the tokamak magnetic topology, collisions lead to neoclassical transport. So far, these two transport channels are modelled separately, assuming additivity of the fluxes. We have addressed this critical issue by means of 5D gyrokinetic (GK) simulations with the GYSELA code. We have derived a new multi-species GK collision operator, valid for any trace and thermal impurity. The implemented reduced version, adapted to the high performance computing constraints of GYSELA, verifies the conservation properties of elastic collisions and the neoclassical theory. The diffusion coefficient and pinch velocity agree with the predictions in all collisionality regimes. Thermal screening is also recovered for W, although not at the expected magnitude - in link to isotropy and stationarity assumptions. Self-consistent simulations reveal synergies between neoclassical and turbulent transports: the total flux of W differs by up to a factor 2 from the sum of the two, obtained from separate simulations. This is partly due to the modification – magnitude and radial structure – by turbulence of the m=1 poloidal mode of the electric potential.

This Thesis is titled The Energy Geopolitics of Russia and its main purpose is to analyze the energy geopolitics of Russia and the country's shifting energeopolitical pivot to Asia, especially to China. The Thesis is divided into three respective sections -- a theoretical approach, Russian geopolitics of energy, and one descriptive and exploratory case study. It strives to answer three main research questions considering Russia's shifting energeopolitical pivot, Ukraine crisis, and the development of Russia's foreign policy in regard to her energy geopolitics.

In this paper is tested validity of the neoclassical migration model. For this purpose, were used Fixed effects model and VAR model. Data contain period of years 2001 to 2010 from 14 regions of the Czech republic and dataset contains 140 observations. Empirical results of Fixed effects model show that socioeconomic determinants had signifficant influence on regional rate of migration in the Czech republic. The direction and strength of influence of the most explanatory variables corresponded to the neoclassical theory. Estimations of VAR model indicate that regional migration did not decrease disparities within regions. These results questioned validity of neoclassical migration model.

This dissertation examines from a comparative perspective the growth experience for a sample of twelve countries of the former Soviet Union over the period from 1991 to 2008. Two meth- ods of econometric analysis are applied: cross-section regressions and dynamic panel data esti- mation techniques. The main focus of the study has been to empirically establish whether coun- tries in the region are converging or diverging in terms of their income per capita and to find important sources of cross-country differences which determine the shape of this process. I did not find statistically significant support for conditional convergence in any cross-section period. It is partly supported by the increased dispersion of per capita income levels during the sample period. Meanwhile, panel data fixed-effects and GMM methods provide strong support for con- ditional convergence hypothesis. The first-differenced GMM estimator indicates a rate of con- vergence of around 2 per cent a year, which is surprisingly similar to the standard cross-section findings in empirical literature. However, it could be the result of the cyclical behaviour of out- put during transition. In general, results indicate that structural transformation is not yet over in most of the countries. Therefore progress in market-oriented reforms and...

The main focus of the dissertation is to examine the interactions between Egyptian foreign policy and the domestic, regional and international dramatic changes that shaped the environment in which that foreign policy was made and operated during the Arab Spring in Egypt from January 2011 to June 2013. The goal is to explore whether domestic, regional and international changes during the Arab Spring had resulted in a substantial change of Egyptian foreign policy in those three years regarding most foreign policy issues especially toward Turkey and Palestine. The dissertation's analysis, while rather qualitative and inductive in nature, employed the neoclassical realism as its theoretical framework. It allowed the researcher to identify major domestic players and issues such as ideology, strategic culture, political religion and the ability to mobilize national resources and study their impact on the foreign policy decision makers. The researcher concluded that the Egyptian foreign policy made several major changes during the Arab Spring especially toward Turkey and Palestine/Israel. These changes were due to domestic and regional variables more than to international systemic order's signals. Neoclassical realism proved to be ideal for the researcher's analysis. It helped him easily identify key...

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The evolution of the U.S. skill premium over the past century has been characterized by a U-shaped pattern. The previous literature has attributed this observation mainly to the existence of exogenous, unexpected technological shocks or changes in institutional factors. In contrast, this paper demonstrates that a U-shaped evolution of the skill premium can also be obtained using a simple two-sector growth model that comprises both variants of skill-biased technological change (SBTC): technological change (TC) that is favorable to high-skilled labor and capital-skill complementarity (CSC). Within this framework, we derive the conditions necessary to achieve a non-monotonic evolution of relative wages and analyze the dynamics of such a case. We show that in the short run for various parameter constellations an educational, a relative substitutability, and a factor intensity effect can induce a decrease in the skill premium despite moderate growth in the relative productivity of high-skilled labor. In the long run, as the difference in labor productivity increases, the skill premium also rises. To underpin our theoretical results, we conduct a comprehensive simulation study.

The music of Jean Francaix is well known to those familiar with woodwind chamber literature. His long, successful career began in the 1930s when French composers rejected the excessively chromatic harmonies, intense emotionalism and grandiose proportions of late Romantic music. Embracing the concepts of neoclassicism, economy of means, clarity and objectivity, and a return to diatonicism and formal structures, the new "Classical" music contained the added spice of twentieth-century harmonic techniques including bitonality, modality, and quartal and quintal harmonies. Francaix has written many concertos and solos for woodwind instruments, but his enduring popularity resides in his chamber music for various combinations. His publisher for the last six decades has been B. Schott's Sohne who commissioned Francaix to write several chamber works in honor of his eightieth birthday. Two of his works for flute, Divertimento pour flute et piano and Suite pour flute seule, are known to professional flutists but not considered standards in the flute repertoire. The purpose of this paper is to call attention to the wide variety of Francaix's repertoire which is eminently suitable for concert and recital programming. The identification of formal and tonal elements in Francaix's two works for flute helps to place his prodigious output within the context of the prevailing musical and philosophical aesthetic in France of the 1920s through 1940s. An annotated list of Francaix's works with flute in a primary role is included as an appendix.