Cette thèse s’inscrit dans une perspective combinant le paradigme réaliste des relations internationales et la pensée clausewitzienne, afin d’évaluer l’impact des révolutions dans les affaires militaires (RAM) offensives sur les équilibres internationaux et la puissance militaire des Etats. Au sein d’un système international anarchique, une innovation offensive confère un avantage militaire à son possesseur devant lui permettre de façonner son environnement par un recours à la force pour transformer le statu quo et imposer plus aisément sa volonté à ses adversaires. Cette thèse propose d’évaluer l’impact des RAM offensives du XXe siècle sur la puissance militaire des Etats à l’aune de deux facteurs : la conservation par l’innovateur d’un avantage militaire sur ses adversaires et sa capacité à leur imposer sa volonté en leur infligeant une défaite décisive. La perspective réaliste et clausewitzienne adoptée amène ainsi à rappeler le caractère intrinsèquement interactif et compétitif d’un système anarchique. Source d’avantage militaire pour son possesseur, une RAM offensive est également source de menace et d’opportunité pour les acteurs l’observant. Son apparition et, plus encore, son emploi devraient ainsi susciter des réactions d’équilibre des puissances internes à l’origine d’une diffusion des capacités et d’une efficacité décroissante de l’innovation. Cette thèse rejette ensuite le postulat d’une relation de causalité simple entre RAM offensive et victoire. La capacité d’un innovateur à remporter une victoire décisive est avant tout conditionnée par des considérations politico-stratégiques telles que la définition des buts de guerre et la supériorité de la défensive sur l’offensive. Les hypothèses formulées sont testées à partir de l’étude de trois cas : la révolution des armes combinées de la Première Guerre mondiale, la « guerre-éclair », et la « guerre de précision » apparue au cours des deux dernières décennies. / This dissertation aims to assess the impact of Twentieh Century offensive revolutions in military affairs (RMA) on the distribution of military power in the international system. To do so, it combines elements from the realist paradigm of international relations and from clausewitzian strategic theory. In an anarchical international system, a state possessing an offensive RMA should be able to shape its security environment by changing the status quo and to impose its will on adversaries through the use of force. The impact of offensive innovations on states’ military power is assessed by looking at two variables: the ability of the innovator to maintain a military advantage over its adversaries, and its ability to impose its will by inflicting decisive defeats. Combining realism and clausewitzian theory leads us to reaffirm that an anarchical international system is intrinsically interactive and competitive. While an offensive RMA can offer a tremendous military advantage to its possessor, states facing it can see it as both a threat and an opportunity. Its disclosure and employment should trigger internal balancing policies, which would in turn cause a spread of military capabilities and decrease the RMA’s overall effectiveness. This dissertation also rejects the idea of a direct causal link between offensive RMAs and victory. Above all, an innovator’s ability to obtain decisive victory lies with political and strategic factors such as war aims and the superiority of defense over offense. Three case studies have been conducted to test the resulting hypotheses: the First World War combined-arms revolution, the blitzkrieg revolution, and the information technology revolution that occurred during the last two decades.

This study mainly argues the role that neoliberalism and neoclassical economics (mainstream economics) have had through foreign aid in Latin America and its effects over the years. The mere ideology of a market-centered society has been detrimental for many already. What this study aims to do is to portray that it has had the same effect on our environment as well. From poverty to environmental destruction, the neglect of social and environmental factors in our political socio-economic system has had its toll worldwide. The constant aim forgrowth and neoliberal approach in politics cannot be simply reversed by applying SDG’s political strategies.The definition of sustainable development has been vague enough already to rely on it as a fix. Ecological Economics on the other hand may imply a factual solution within aid and politics in Latin America and around the world, as it would be environmental and humanitarian-based. Some of the finding of this study include a comparison between ecological economics and neoclassical economics and practical applications for ecological economics within foreign aid.

Within a panel data context with fixed effects method, using data on a sample of 40 lower- middle income economies, this paper investigates whether and to what extent FDI stimulates economic growth over the period 2007-2017. The main finding of this paper highlights the complementary effects between FDI and education, suggesting that a certain level of education must be reached in order for FDI to contribute positively on economic growth. Further, the level of education in this sample set is below the level that is considered as adequate in order to spur economic growth and thus this affects the absorptive capacity. This paper can only confirm that there is a certain association between FDI and economic growth and cannot confirm the widespread belief that FDI stimulates economic growth due to that the estimated models more often than not provided insignificant results.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ewerton de Souza Henriques.pdf: 4597685 bytes, checksum: f5d77c09d2dae810a42d73af61e6ee9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis attempts to systematize the alternative proposals for the conduct of economic policy in Brazil, based on the Macroeconomics of Economic Development, also known as the Macroeconomics of the New-Development based of Keynesianism thought. This is a proposal to reconcile economic growth with stability. Initially we will study the foundations of Orthodox Macroeconomics, which has been used in Brazil since 1999, in the monetary, fiscal and exchange rate regime. Then we will analyze the Brazilian experience to illustrate his anti-growth bias. Then we will study the foundations of Keynesian macroeconomics, in order to understand its economic interpretation of reality. Finally, using the Keynesian framework, we will make a synthesis of proposals that are part of the Macroeconomics of Economic Development, as a set of macroeconomic policy alternatives to those that have been implanted / Esta dissertação pretende sistematizar as propostas alternativas de condução da política econômica brasileira, baseadas na Macroeconomia do Desenvolvimento Econômico, também conhecida como Macroeconomia do Novo-Desenvolvimentismo de cunho keynesiano. Trata-se de uma proposta que compatibiliza crescimento com estabilidade econômica. Inicialmente estudaremos as bases da Macroeconomia Ortodoxa, que tem sido empregada pelo Brasil desde 1999, nos âmbitos monetário, fiscal e cambial. Em seguida faremos uma análise da experiência brasileira para ilustrar seu viés anti-crescimento. Em seguida estudaremos as bases da Macroeconomia Keynesiana, como forma de compreender sua interpretação econômica da realidade. Por fim, utilizando do arcabouço keynesiano, faremos uma síntese das propostas que fazem parte da Macroeconomia do Desenvolvimento Econômico, como um conjunto de políticas macroeconômicas alternativas às que têm sido implantadas

Este trabalho fará uma sistematização de três esquemas analíticos voltados ao exame da crise ecológica gerada pelo atual sistema global de produção e consumo - a Economia Ecológica, a Economia Ambiental Neoclássica e o Marxismo Ecológico. Uma apresentação estruturada dos referidos conjuntos teóricos será exposta, à medida que se comparam as suas principais premissas, objetos de análise e lógica, prosseguindo para o exame das suas teorias do valor. Esta exposição pavimentará o caminho para uma análise dos conceitos de sustentabilidade adotados pela Economia Ambiental Neoclássica, pela Economia Ecológica e pelo Marxismo Ecológico. Assim, se buscará aferir a forma com que um conjunto de meta premissas opera a construção de um esquema teórico dedicado a analisar a crise ecológica, como ele se reflete na construção de uma teoria do valor, e, mais adiante, em como se traduz na sua própria concepção de sustentabilidade / This work will systematize three analytical schemes aimed at examining the ecological crisis generated by the current global production and consumption model - Ecological Economics, Neoclassical Environmental Economics and Ecological Marxism. A structured presentation of these theoretical sets will be exposed, as their main premises, objects of analysis and logic are compared, continuing to examine their theories of value. This exhibition will pave the way for an analysis of the concepts of sustainability adopted by Neoclassical Environmental Economics, Ecological Economics and Ecological Marxism. Thus, one will try to gauge how a set of meta premises operates the construction of a theoretical framework dedicated to analyzing the ecological crisis, as it is reflected in the construction of a value theory, and, later, how it translates into its own conception of sustainability

Este trabalho fará uma sistematização de três esquemas analíticos voltados ao exame da crise ecológica gerada pelo atual sistema global de produção e consumo - a Economia Ecológica, a Economia Ambiental Neoclássica e o Marxismo Ecológico. Uma apresentação estruturada dos referidos conjuntos teóricos será exposta, à medida que se comparam as suas principais premissas, objetos de análise e lógica, prosseguindo para o exame das suas teorias do valor. Esta exposição pavimentará o caminho para uma análise dos conceitos de sustentabilidade adotados pela Economia Ambiental Neoclássica, pela Economia Ecológica e pelo Marxismo Ecológico. Assim, se buscará aferir a forma com que um conjunto de meta premissas opera a construção de um esquema teórico dedicado a analisar a crise ecológica, como ele se reflete na construção de uma teoria do valor, e, mais adiante, em como se traduz na sua própria concepção de sustentabilidade / This work will systematize three analytical schemes aimed at examining the ecological crisis generated by the current global production and consumption model - Ecological Economics, Neoclassical Environmental Economics and Ecological Marxism. A structured presentation of these theoretical sets will be exposed, as their main premises, objects of analysis and logic are compared, continuing to examine their theories of value. This exhibition will pave the way for an analysis of the concepts of sustainability adopted by Neoclassical Environmental Economics, Ecological Economics and Ecological Marxism. Thus, one will try to gauge how a set of meta premises operates the construction of a theoretical framework dedicated to analyzing the ecological crisis, as it is reflected in the construction of a value theory, and, later, how it translates into its own conception of sustainability

A presente dissertação propõe-se a discutir a influência da linguagem neoclássica na formação da paisagem urbana das cidades valeparaibanas a partir do estabelecimento de uma elite ligada à cultura do café nessa região. Seu recorte cronológico abrange o período entre 1830 e 1890, enquanto espacialmente tem seu foco direcionado na cidade de Lorena, São Paulo, de modo a cobrir as transformações aí ocorridas desde a chegada do café até o esgotamento dessa cultura. A segunda metade do séc. XIX coloca-se como um momento importante para o seu processo de urbanização, pois companhando as transformações urbanas, surgiram e consolidaram-se exemplos paisagísticos próprios da sociedade do café: ruas arborizadas com renques de palmeiras, a demonstrar a proximidade com a Corte, a sinalizar os novos “modos afrancesados". Discute ainda, por um lado, as origens do jardim paisagista inglês implantado no Brasil nesse período, cujo expoente é Glaziou e, por outro, as razões para a adoção da palmeira imperial (Roystonea oleracea) como símbolo de nobreza e sua ligação com a linguagem neoclássica, sendo utilizada com o propósito de qualificar os logradouros públicos a fim de equipará-los aos novos edifícios que substituíam aqueles da tradição colonial. / This essay proposes to discuss the influence of neoclassical language in the urban landscape formation of the cities in the Paraiba's Valley started with the settlement there of an elite, connected with coffee growing. Its chronological focus concerns the period between 1830 and 1890, while its spatial focus is oriented to Lorena city, estate of São Paulo, covering the transformations that occurred there, since the beginning of coffee growing until its exhaustion by the 1890s, corresponding, not by chance, with the end of the Second Empire. The second half of XIX century is seen as a fundamental moment for the urbanization process, because following the urban transformations, specifics landscapes examples of the coffee society appeared and consolidated: streets with rows of palm trees, trying to demonstrate a proximity with the Court, signalizing the new 'Frenchified manners.’ Also, the essay discusses the origins of the British landscape garden implanted in Brazil at that time, where Glaziou was the leading exponent, and the reasons why the Royal Palm Tree (Roystonea oleracea) was adopted as a symbol of nobility and its connections with the neoclassical language, being used with the aim of characterize public areas, to make them equal to the new buildings that were taking place of those within the colonial tradition.

Considering 91 countries with seaports, this study conducted an empirical inquiry into the broader economic contribution of seaborne trade, from a port infrastructure quality and logistics performance perspective. Investment in quality improvement of port infrastructure and its contribution to economy are often questioned by politicians, investors and general public. A structural equation model (SEM) is used to provide empirical evidence of significant economic impacts of port infrastructure quality and logistics performance. Furthermore, analysis of a multi-group SEM is performed by dividing countries into developed and developing economy groups. The results reveal that it is vital for developing countries to continuously improve the quality of port infrastructure as it contributes to better logistics performance, leading to higher seaborne trade, yielding higher economic growth. However, this association weakens as the developing countries become richer.

This thesis explores how and why the United States (U.S.) support for Turkey&rsquo / s participation in the European Union(EU) shifted from being an asset to a liability for Turkey between the years of l995 and 2005. There have been some earlier studies that analyzed the impact of U.S. support for Turkey&rsquo / s inclusion in the EU on EU-Turkey relations. The purpose of this study is to contribute further to that literature with a plausible explanation for the shifting influence of the United States on EUTurkey relations, utilizing the multi-dimensional approach of neoclassical realism. This thesis focuses on the changing EU-U.S. relations in the altered international climate after the end of the Cold War / the attempts and strategy of the U.S. in supporting Turkish membership in the EU / and why the reactions of EU leaders and politicians to U.S. interventions turned in a much more negative direction during the early 2000s. By applying neoclassical realism and its flexible methodology, this thesis is highly sensitive to the multi-levels of influence behind given policy outcomes by balancing the role of external structural factors with domestic contexts and constraints. This analysis demonstrates that besides the international climate, a range of EU level and domestic factors operated together in influencing the EU decisions about Turkey and reactions to US interventions during the early 2000s. In turn, this analysis supplies evidence that, consistent with the perspective of neoclassical realism, external influences as well as a range of domestic influences should all be taken into consideration for a complete understanding of international policy outcomes and postures.

Šio magistro baigiamojo darbo tema nagrinėja pastaraisiais dešimtmečiais makroekonominėje užsienio literatūroje itin populiarią žmogiškojo kapitalo koncepciją ir tiria žmogiškojo kapitalo, kaip ekonomikos augimo veiksnio įtaką Lietuvos ekonomikos augimui 2004-2011 m. laikotarpiu. Darbas susideda iš trijų dalių. Pirmojoje apžvelgiamas ekonomikos augimo veiksnių ir žmogiškojo kapitalo ištirtumas mokslinėje literatūroje, antrojoje pateikiami žmogiškojo kapitalo makroekonominių tyrimų bendrieji bruožai, apribojimai bei detaliai aprašoma bei pagrindžiama šio darbo tyrimo metodologija. Trečiojoje dalyje pateikiami statistinio tyrimo duomenys, interpretuojami jo rezultatai, apibrėžiami ribotumai. Rezultatai parodo aukštojo išsilavinimo darbo jėgos svarbą Lietuvos ekonomikos vystymosi procesuose. / This paper focuses on the the concept of human capital that has been a major topic in modern economic literature in the last few decades. The paper consists of three parts. Firstly, the paper provides with an overview of the human capital discussion in the economic literature. The second part consists of brief summary of methodological and empirical findings of human capital empirics followed by a complete description of this paper‘s statistical model and data. The third part shows the results and thoroughly specifies the econometric model.