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In this thesis project, the phenomenon of news media representation of punitivism has been researched through a methodology of a socio-semiotic discourse analysis framed within a theoretical structure of Durkheimianism and news value components. Articles concerning MetroXpress’ representation of criminal deviance and punishment were located through a buzzwords search within the newspaper’s online data archives. The search granted a total of 702 word-occurrences appearing in 216 separate news articles. The discourse analysis seperated these articles into the five sub-discourses of “Blurbs”, “Verdicts”, “Spectacle”, “Single Agent Focus” and “Cultural Context”. The distribution of articles pertaining to specific sub-discourses were distributed such that the highest concentration of articles was present in the “Blurbs” discourse, closely followed by “Verdicts”, placing “Single Agent Focus” and “Spectacle” in the middle, while the “Cultural Context” discourse was made up of the fewest articles. The methodology granted insight into functional punishment and MetroXpress’ representation of criminal deviance, revealing the newspaper’s discourse to be one of situated timeliness which positively promoted judicial-systemic activity. Presenting an anti-Durkheimian conception of deviance in relation to its supposed manifestation in any society, the newspaper presents the phenomenon as defeatable by the judicial system. In this regard, MetroXpress has positioned itself as the mouthpiece of the justice system, in such a manner that they function as a legitimizing force for the punitive system. Beyond the hierarchy of eliteness which permeates the discourse, a normalization of the conception of criminal deviants as dysfunctional obstacles who prohibit organic social cohesiveness is another facet of the discourse. Consequently, a primary focal point within the narratives center on the functional relationship between the deviant individual, systemic representatives and their relation to social cohesiveness.

Women have been marginalised in societies around the world, and the world of sports isno exception. The aim of this study was to examine in the swedish newspapersAftonbladet and Expressen the differences and similarities between female and malesports journalists' publications in the coverage about the swedish national footballteams. The used method for this study was a quantitative content analysis, which wasthe most usable method to give us an answer to our question at issue. The theoreticalframework in the study included news values as a theory, a framing theory, a feministmedia theory and a gender contract theory. The results implies that female sportsjournalists tend to write more about the swedish female national football team and thatmale sports journalists tend to write more about the swedish male national footballteam.

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Since the birth of social media, journalism has been challenged through an increasing social media popularity. Newsrooms have consequently established a presence in social media of their own. A number of studies have examined the effect of social media logic on journalism and concluded that it makes the the news more entertaining at the expense of informative purposes. However, sports journalism has thus far been unexplored in this regard. This study explores how the already entertainment focused journalistic genre is affected by a move to social media, specifically TikTok, in a news value perspective. It also investigates what purposes a sports newsroom could have with a TikTok presence. Through a quantitative content analysis partly based on Harcup and O'Neills news values, and in light of social media logic, the study examines and tries to explain the differences in news values between the content on Sportbladet's web and TikTok account. The analyzed material is from the 2022 World Cup in Qatar. The findings show significant differences between the news values in the two distribution platforms, including a majority of agenda friendly, audiovisual and entertaining posts on TikTok and web articles including conflict, power elite, follow-ups and drama. Thus, a split up of news values is suggested: social and traditional. Additionally, two possible purposes with a TikTok presence are identified: marketing towards a younger audience, and establishment on a future main platform for news distribution. The social effects of both eventualities are discussed.

During recent years a subculture of people who live in “involuntarily celibacy”, so called incels, has received attention in the mainstream media. The definition of an incel has since the 1990s changed from meaning any person who is alone, to being an online-community of hateful, angry and lonely men. The popularity of the term “incel” in the current media debate can be explained by a number of mass murders and violent crimes that have been committed by men who are a part of that community. As of today, no incel-related crimes have occurred in Sweden, however the term is still heavily discussed in the media. The conversation peaked in 2021, when the Swedish psychiatrist and author Stefan Krakowski released a book based on in-depth interviews with Swedish incels. During the same time period, TV4 made a documentary on the subject of incels that contained conversations with three men who fall into the incel spectrum. The purpose of this study is therefore to do a thematic analysis on how incels were portrayed in Swedish news media during 2021, and analyze the result with help of two theories; news values- and framing theory. From this specific time period, 15 articles were selected for analysis. The results showed that there are some themes that dominate the media, for instance the perception of incels as violent or incels as sad and lonely. This study can be scientifically relevant to show a nuanced picture of how incels are portrayed and what frames that can lead to in society. It can bring new perspectives to the discussion about incels and by that further develop the research field of journalism as well as alternative subcultures.

Syftet med undersökningen var att studera hur nyhetsvärderingsprocessen och olika mål i verksamheten balanserades på sex tidningsredaktioner som producerar nyheter för Tiktok. För att erhålla ett ovanligt perspektiv genomfördes semistrukturerade intervjuer med ansvariga för tidningarnas strategier på sociala medier. Totalt genomfördes sex intervjuer med fyra sociala medier-redaktörer, två chefredaktörer och en reporter som dagligen arbetar med att producera nyheter för Tiktok. Studien använde kommersialiseringsteorin som övergripande ram för att analysera och tolka intervjuerna. Resultatet indikerar att samtliga tidningar, lokala såväl som nationella, etablerade sig på Tiktok för att skapa varumärkeskännedom och en relation till en publik de tidigare inte lyckats att nå ut till. Somliga intervjuade uppgav att de tydligt vet vad som efterfrågas av Tiktok-publiken och att de aktivt producerar nyheter som tilltalar denna målgrupp. Andra framhåller att det handlar om ett urval när det kommer till vilka nyheter som publiceras på Tiktok. Det framkom även att redaktörerna gör flera avvägningar, exempelvis gör vissa tidningars varumärke det svårt att arbeta enligt både en kommersiell logik såväl som Tiktoks logik. Särskilt anmärkningsvärt var att ingen av de intervjuade tidningsredaktionerna för närvarande genererar intäkter från Tiktok, utan samtliga förklarade att den nuvarande investeringen förväntas ge avkastning i framtiden. / The objective of this study was to examine the news evaluation process and various operational goals were balanced at six newspaper editorial offices that produce news for Tiktok. To gain a different perspective, semi-structured interviews were conducted with those responsible for the newspapers’ social media efforts. In total, six interviews were conducted with four social media editors, two editors-in-chief and one reporter who work daily with producing news for Tiktok. The study was grounded on commercialization theory as a comprehensive approach to journalism to analyse and interpret the interviews. The findings indicate that all newspapers, both local and national, established a presence on Tiktok to create brand awareness and to build a relationship with an audience they had previously failed to reach. Some interviewees stated that they have a clear understanding of the Tiktok audience’s demands and actively produce news that appeals to this audience. Others emphasized that there is a selection process regarding which news is published on Tiktok. It also became evident that several considerations are made by the interviewed editors, for instance the brand of some newspapers make it difficult to work within both a commercial logic and Tiktok’s logic while maintaining the newspapers brand. Notably, none of the interviewed newspaper’s editorial offices currently generate revenue from Tiktok, with all explaining that the current investment is expected to yield returns in the future.

Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur journalister rapporterar om barnmord. Dels handlar det om hur de tillämpar de pressetiska reglerna i rapporteringen samtidigt som de förhåller sig till nyhetsvärderingskriterierna. Dels handlar det om att studera om det finns en balans mellan dessa perspektiv. Tre fall där 10-åriga flickor var offer under olika år analyserades. Åren var 1992, 2000 och 2008. Metod och material: Metoderna som tillämpas för att analysera materialet är kvantitativ innehålls-analys och tematisk textanalys. Den kvantitativa innehållsanalysen tillämpas på totalt 467 analysenheter. Den tematiska textanalysen som är kvalitativ tillämpas på 18 av de totalt 467 analysenheterna. Materialet bestod av artiklar från lokaltidningarna Östersunds-Posten, Barometern och Södra Dalarnes tidning. Dagens Nyheter dagspress och Expressen kvällspress. Huvudresultatet: Resultatet från de båda analyserna, oavsett tidningstyp, visar att journalisterna i viss mån agerar oetiskt utifrån de pressetiska reglerna. Resultatet kunde tolkas som att de kommersiella faktorerna och nyhetskriterierna var viktigare för journalisterna att beakta istället för att värna om de pressetiska reglerna och därmed de anhöriga. Detta tolkas dels utifrån att tidningarna publicerade information som kunde identifiera gärningsmännen, dels att de rapporterade detaljrikt om hur flickorna hade blivit bragda om livet. / Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate how Swedish journalists covered murders in which children were victims. The main question of the study is whether in reporting there was a balance between following the professional ethical rules and the news values. The study follows the coverage of three cases where female children were murdered in small Swedish towns (in 1992, 2000 and 2008), and traces the dynamics of how the reporting has changed.   Method and material: The study applied quantitative content analysis and thematic text analysis to analyse the material. The material of the study was comprised of articles published in the morning newspaper Dagens Nyheter, evening newspaper Expressen and local newspapers Östersund-Posten, Barometern and Södra Dalarnes tidning. 467 units were analysed in the quantitative part, and 18 units – in the qualitative part.   The results: The analysis shows that regardless of the type of the newspaper, the journalists often do not follow the professional Code of Ethics when reporting on murders where children are victims. All the newspapers in all the three cases published information that could allow for identification of the perpetrator and provided the reader with (often unnecessary) details about the murders of the girls. The study shows that the frequency of reporting has increased from the beginning of the 1990s, however, in all the three cases, the media rather based their descriptions of the murders on the news values than on the professional ethical rules. This can potentially be explained by the newspapers’ orientation at commercial benefits rather than protection of the next of kin to the murdered.

This study presents research of role of title photographs in selected czech and foreign daylies. Theoretical part introduces visual culture concepts and role of photographic images in journalism, specificity of photojournalism, photographic genres and title photographs. Next part is dedicated to concept of new values, going from original Galtung / Ruge's taxonomy to contemporary revisited version of Harcup / O'Neill's. The last theoretical chapter introduces concept of gatekeeping and picture editor as visual gatekeeper. The practical part of this study is examining title photographs of 8 czech as well as foreign journals in 4 week long period. I am using method of content analysis, based on paper The content analysis of visual images and Gillian Rose's book Visual analysis. In my study I had applied news values to photographic materials. I chose combination of original Galtung / Ruge's concept together with Harcup / O'Neills contemporary revision, putting attention to entertaining aspects of media contents. The other paramteres I was following in my study were origin, size, topic, theme, negativity, orientation, gender content, etc. As a result I did find that there is very common way how dailyes handle with title photographs, which are having special status among other visual materials. There is...

In master thesis called Negativity in Television News we dealt with the structure of television news from good news vs. bad news angle of view and in context both public service and commercial based media. We focused on two main TV news programmes Události (Czech television) and Televizní noviny (TV Nova). Bad news category was analysed in depth then. The text starts with a chapter about relationship between media contents and reality so we were describing social constructivism theory in media context. Then we dealt with mechanisms and influences, which affect form of media outputs; we focused on concept of news values and processes of tabloidization and commercialization. Next chapter was dedicated to definition of negativity in news. In this context we described presence of bad news in coverage during the history; we dealt with media violence and its effects on audience; we defined media negativity and set up the typology of bad news. The analysis showed us percentage of bad news in two main news programmes of Czech television and TV Nova. We found out, which negative topics were predominating and they were analysed in depth then. In this part of analysis we were researching through what particular factors of negativity the negative impression of news is being increased.