A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar a cobertura sobre o Código Florestal Brasileiro no Jornal Nacional de março de 2012 até maio de 2013. Utilizamos a metodologia de Análise de Conteúdo para verificar quais os valores-notícia de seleção e de construção que mais apareceram nas categorias de questão ambiental e política. Examinamos também quais foram as fontes mais consultadas no período de análise. Os valores-notícia de seleção mais usados foram conflito ou controvérsia, notoriedade e tempo (efeméride) nas duas questões. Os valores-notícia de seleção que apareceram mais nas duas questões foram dramatização e personalização, o valor de amplificação apareceu mais na questão política e o de simplificação na questão ambiental. As fontes mais utilizadas foram as primárias, oficiais e testemunhos. Em 2013, o Jornal Nacional não apresentou nenhuma matéria sobre o Código Florestal, nem em maio quando completou um ano de vigência. Concluímos que o foco ambiental foi preterido por uma cobertura política focada na disputa entre parlamentares ruralistas e ambientalistas em torno da redação do novo texto e do processo de votação. / This dissertation aims to the coverage about the Brazilian Forest Code in the Jornal Nacional, from 2012 to May 2013. The methodology used is content analysis in which will be checked what news values of selection and construction appear most in the categories environmental issue and politics. The most listened sources were also examined. The news values of selection that appear most were conflict or controversy, notoriety and time (ephemeris) in both issues and the news values of selection most used were dramatization, personalization on both issues and amplification, in the political issue, and simplification in the environmental issue. The most used sources were the primary, official and witnesses. In 2013, the Jornal Nacional showed no article about the Forest Code, not even in May when it completed one year of validity. We conclude that the environmental focus has been deprecated for a political coverage focused on the dispute between ruralist and environmentalist parliamentarians around the redaction of the new text.

The aim of the thesis is to investigate the experiences of mourners of participating in news reports about grief in connection with crime and accidents. There are two overarching research questions. How do the bereaved experience their encounters with, and treatment by, journalists - what do they think of journalists’ motives, strategies, methods and ethics? How do the bereaved use journalism, i.e. what are their motives and strategies for participation, and how do they perceive their relations with journalists and the consequences of having been interviewed? The theoretical underpinnings are provided by scholarship on source relations, (encounters with and negotiations between journalists and news sources), news constructions (narrative components and patterns in grief journalism) and journalistic ethics, with a particular focus on an ethics of proximity, i.e. the ethical dimensions of people’s relations and encounters. The empirical material is comprised of qualitative interviews with 22 respondents who featured, in their capacity as mourners, in Swedish news reports of deaths connected with crime and accidents. A strategic sample was made with the aim of attaining as much variation as possible among respondents above all in their relationship to the deceased and cause of death, but also in terms of the attention given to the event in the media, the number of contacts with journalists, and how contact was made. The perception of the respondents is that journalists wanted to talk to them because the event had news value and was of general interest. In dramatic cases, the victim’s next of kin, in particular, felt that journalists also had commercial motives. As the respondents see it, the strategies used by journalists can involve trying to persuade the bereaved to participate, and steering them so that the news interview and text can be shaped in accordance with established narratives of grief journalism. Some respondents said journalists had shown them respect, while others felt they had been treated with a lack of consideration. The findings are ambivalent in that journalists’ methods were experienced positively by some respondents and negatively by others. Involvement in news reporting can offer redress, giving respondents a chance to pay tribute to the deceased. It can also provide comfort, as it can be incorporated into the mourning process and make it possible to share one’s grief both with people one knows and with strangers. The study also found that respondents have strategies of their own. In their dealings with journalists, they can negotiate for control by insisting on reading the text before publication or favouring journalists they perceive as more sympathetic and resisting those they dislike. Respondents’ relations with and perceptions of journalists can be conflictual or consensual, and characterized by a passive or active attitude. Journalists can be seen as allies and potential assets, or as enemies and a source of insecurity. If the death was dramatic and attracted considerable media attention, relations become more conflictual, with respondents who feel cornered liable to ‘attack’ journalists. This can be triggered by shock. However, shock can also numb close relatives emotionally, making them indifferent and their attitude one of passive acceptance.

The purpose of this essay is to study the two cases ”The hijacking of a bus in Årdal” & ”The double murder in Ljungsbro” from media ethics aspects.  The aim for this study is to clear up if the the Swedish newspapers have reported according to the mediaethic rules and to see if there is any  differences between the newspapers reporting. The following theories has been used to reach the objective: the journalism task, news values, the liberty of press and speach, media ethical rules and discursive discrimination. The study has used a critical discourse method formed by Teun a. van Dijk to analyse the material, mainly through macro- and microstructures. The material that has been analyzed are articles from Expressen, Aftonbladet, Svenska Dagbladet and Dagens Nyheter. From each happening, two articles per newspaper has been selected by a toss, which ended up with sixteen articles for the whole study. The result and analysis are introduced in packedges, contaning two articles per newspaper and are devided into the two different cases the study examines.  The result indicate that Expressen and Aftonbladet has breached the media ethic rules in both cases when focusing on the one of the swedish victims in Årdal and also when reporting about the suspect murderer in Ljungsbro. The basic journalistic ideals and values has been ignored, for the interest of producing sensational news.

Problem definition and purpose: A debated question in journalism today is if the mass media have the power to affect norms and values in the society. There are therefore many who believe that the media must works for democratic and equitable news coverage. Studies have shown that there are still many differences in how women and men are being portrayed in the Swedish media, even if Sweden is one of the most equal countries in the world. This inequality may affect the democracy and equality in the society negative. Previous studies have mainly been using gender as the only explanatory factor to explain the difference of coverage between men and women in the news content. The purpose of this study will therefore not only be to compare the coverage of the Green Partys two spokespersons, Åsa Romson and Gustav Fridolin, from a gender perspective but also to take in count other factors that could contribute to differences in the news coverage. Method and material: To find an answer to the purpose of this thesis a quantitative content analysis have been done on a total of 238 news articles in which Åsa Romson and/or Gustav Fridolin occur. Main results: The results of the content analysis show that Gustav Fridolin occurs more frequently in the news than Romson does, and that the articles he appears in is lager than the articles in which Romson appears. The results also show that the tone towards Fridolin in the articles about him is more positive and less negative than the tone towards Romson in the articles about her. Our results also show that Fridolin mainly occur in content related to school and education while Romson occurs more frequently in content dealing with environmental questions.

My study has questioned recognized factors of news valuation in the context of Costa Rican newspapers, with the aim at getting greater understanding in how news are valued in Costa Rican newspapers and what factors contribute to making an event the main article of an issue. My research therefore is a snapshot at how the news valuation process is conducted in Costa Rica at the moment. I furthermore went on to do a quantitative content analysis containing five theories of factors of news valuation, that I have theorised myself as a result of my research containing recognized factors of news valuation.   The data has been selected through a random selection process, and then collected via the national library in San José, Costa Rica. I then went on to carry through a quantitative content analysis, containing 46 variables from recognized factors of news valuation and an additional five variables from my own theories, on the selected samples.   The variables in my analysis to a great extent tried questioning the theories of Judy McGregor, Henk Prakke, Håkan Hvitfelt and Galtung and Ruge.   The results show that some of the theories created by mentioned scholar do apply in the news valuation process in Costa Rican newspapers. It furthermore show that some factors, mentioned by the same scholar, to have great impact in the news valuation process does not at all impact the news value of an event in Costa Rican newspapers. This study shows that there is cultural and geographical differences in how events are valued as newsworthy or not, and that the factors that are acknowledged as determining of news value in one region or country, may in fact not at all apply in another part of the world.   The results of my own theories show that there are differences in what factors that affect the news valuation process. My theories state that there are other factors that affect news values and that there can be opposing factors depending on in what country/region/journalistic area the news are valued.

A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar a cobertura sobre o Código Florestal Brasileiro no Jornal Nacional de março de 2012 até maio de 2013. Utilizamos a metodologia de Análise de Conteúdo para verificar quais os valores-notícia de seleção e de construção que mais apareceram nas categorias de questão ambiental e política. Examinamos também quais foram as fontes mais consultadas no período de análise. Os valores-notícia de seleção mais usados foram conflito ou controvérsia, notoriedade e tempo (efeméride) nas duas questões. Os valores-notícia de seleção que apareceram mais nas duas questões foram dramatização e personalização, o valor de amplificação apareceu mais na questão política e o de simplificação na questão ambiental. As fontes mais utilizadas foram as primárias, oficiais e testemunhos. Em 2013, o Jornal Nacional não apresentou nenhuma matéria sobre o Código Florestal, nem em maio quando completou um ano de vigência. Concluímos que o foco ambiental foi preterido por uma cobertura política focada na disputa entre parlamentares ruralistas e ambientalistas em torno da redação do novo texto e do processo de votação. / This dissertation aims to the coverage about the Brazilian Forest Code in the Jornal Nacional, from 2012 to May 2013. The methodology used is content analysis in which will be checked what news values of selection and construction appear most in the categories environmental issue and politics. The most listened sources were also examined. The news values of selection that appear most were conflict or controversy, notoriety and time (ephemeris) in both issues and the news values of selection most used were dramatization, personalization on both issues and amplification, in the political issue, and simplification in the environmental issue. The most used sources were the primary, official and witnesses. In 2013, the Jornal Nacional showed no article about the Forest Code, not even in May when it completed one year of validity. We conclude that the environmental focus has been deprecated for a political coverage focused on the dispute between ruralist and environmentalist parliamentarians around the redaction of the new text.

Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa e à Inovação Tecnológica do Estado de Sergipe - FAPITEC/SE / Label what is and what is not news is part of the basic tasks of any journalist. As much as these assessments are commonplace and able to cope with the pressures of time and resources, they fail to take advantage of the knowledge processed to reflect on their own effectiveness, as well as to generate organizational advantages and accountability tools. Interested in the quality of journalistic production, this work aims to contribute to the experimental development of a methodology for evaluating the journalistic relevance which, in the opposite way, to be able to generate data about themselves and to instrumentalize other advances. Such methodology is embedded in a newspaper production management software called Qualijor, which has, among other structures, a specific matrix for assessing relevance. Due to the period of software experimental development, which is already a prototype, the contribution in question relates to a trial of its structure and adds some useful conceptual basis for the interpretation of evaluative data and possible future enhancements. Before performing the experimental evaluation that the work is proposed, however, it is necessary to deepen the treatment of term relevance, reflecting not only on its definition, but also on the knowledge that the tangent, notably the news values, which are presented as indicators relevance. It is still necessary to place the relevance, as defined, in a proposal for evaluation of editorial quality that reflects commitments to media accountability and bring the requirement and the software of an organizational knowledge management proposal. As the methodological procedures, the work can be described as an experimental research development, testing the effectiveness of a prototype by conducting an experiment. During the experimental evaluation were analyzed 180 newspaper articles that occupied several prominent position in three important communication vehicle of online, print and television media. Seeking to realize an increase in data generation and systematization of the results, each content has been subjected to two types of evaluation, traditionally held by the media and the other proposed by the test methodology. As a result it was possible to view the assessments carried out with the help of Qualijor an effective increase in the outsourcing of knowledge, reflecting not only the generation of data, but also in the linked processing the standards, in compliance with media accountability demands and stimulating the organizational knowledge management. This dissertation presenting an original definition of journalistic relevance that begins to fill a gap of journalistic literature and also adds to the results arising from the experiment to propose structural increments to the Relevance Matrix. / Rotular o que é e o que não é notícia faz parte das atribuições básicas de qualquer jornalista. Por mais que estas avaliações sejam corriqueiras e hábeis ao lidar com as pressões de tempo e recursos, elas deixam de aproveitar os conhecimentos processados para refletir sobre sua própria efetividade, bem como para gerar vantagens organizacionais e instrumentos de accountability. Interessado na qualidade da produção jornalística, este trabalho objetiva contribuir para o desenvolvimento experimental de uma metodologia de avaliação da relevância jornalística, que, em via oposta, seja capaz de gerar dados sobre si e de instrumentalizar outros avanços. Tal metodologia encontra-se embarcada em um software de gestão da produção jornalística denominado Qualijor, que possui, entre outras estruturas, uma matriz específica para a avaliação da relevância. Devido ao período de desenvolvimento experimental do software, que já é um protótipo, a contribuição em questão diz respeito a uma experimentação da sua estrutura e a soma de algumas bases conceituais úteis para a interpretação dos dados avaliativos e para possíveis incrementos futuros. Antes de realizar a avaliação experimental a que o trabalho se propõe, todavia, é necessário aprofundar o tratamento do termo relevância, refletindo não só sobre sua definição, mas também sobre saberes que a tangenciam, destacadamente os valores-notícia, que serão apresentados como indicadores da relevância. Ainda é necessário situar a relevância, conforme definida, dentro de uma proposta de avaliação de qualidade editorial que reflita compromissos relativos à accountability de mídia e aproximar o requisito e o software de uma proposta de gestão do conhecimento organizacional. Quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos, dessa forma, o trabalho pode ser descrito como uma pesquisa de desenvolvimento experimental, que testa a efetividade de um protótipo através da realização de um experimento. Durante a avaliação experimental foram analisadas 180 matérias jornalísticas que ocuparam posição de destaque diversas em três importante veículo de comunicação dos meios on-line, impresso e televisivo. Em busca de perceber um incremento na geração de dados e na sistematicidade dos resultados, cada conteúdo foi submetido a dois tipos de avaliação, uma tradicionalmente realizada pelos veículos de comunicação e outra proposta pela metodologia em teste. Como resultado foi possível visualizar nas avaliações realizadas com o auxílio do Qualijor um efetivo incremento na externalização dos saberes, repercutindo não só na geração de dados, mas também no processamento mais vinculado a normas, no atendimento às demandas de accountability de mídia e no estímulo a uma gestão do conhecimento organizacional. Esta dissertação apresenta ainda uma definição original de relevância jornalística que começa a preencher uma lacuna da literatura dos estudos de jornalismo e ainda se soma aos resultados advindos do experimento para propor incrementos estruturais para a Matriz de Relevância.

In this study we aim to analyse the role of journalism in creating certain representations of the relationship between man and climate, especially concerning the climate change scenario. We assume that the news is a specific type of symbolic system and configures itself in a cultural construction built through the news values that work with maps of representation. Our main goal is to analyse the climate in Zero Hora, in its various editorials, based on news values to show how it happens in the news the relationship between man and climate. The specific objectives of the research focus on characterizing climate events for journalism, defining concepts such as weather and climate, to understand historically how the relationship between the media and climate and between journalism and meteorology. We present a mapping of climate events in Zero Hora through a quantitative survey of however qualitative approach to identify news values and their meanings based on certain aspects from the theory of Representations using contributions from Patrick Charaudeau, Stuart Hall and Cristina Ponte. We also conducted interviews with professionals in meteorology and journalism field in order to understand how they interact with the subject. Our study aimed to cover from the news that involve the variable weather in the day-by-day life up to the ones that deal with long term climate changes. This was sourced from the newspaper Zero Hora, in Rio Grande do Sul. We analysed 41 editions and mapped the coverage of 90 climate events. Considering the news values found, an observation can be concluded on how Zero Hora represents the relationship between men and climate. This study concludes that the newspaper represents man as a victim of the climate events. Furthermore there is a personification of the nature in these events, in which it is identified as a major culprit for the consequences, changes, destruction and death. This representation of the climate shows that there is no deep discussion over the influence of human intervention on nature itself. The news values that guide the approach to climate and weather in Zero Hora are not related to aspects such as environmental issues. Problems such as poor urban space planning, the siltation of rivers, high risk areas public policies, which can be considered as causes of flooding, for example, are not made evident in the news about the climate. / Nesse trabalho procuramos refletir sobre o papel do jornalismo ao construir determinadas representações da relação entre o homem e o clima, principalmente diante do cenário das mudanças climáticas. Partimos do pressuposto de que a notícia é um tipo específico de sistema simbólico e configura-se numa construção cultural, construída através dos valores-notícias que funcionam com mapas de representação. Nosso objetivo geral é analisar a cobertura do clima em Zero Hora, nas suas diferentes editorias, a partir dos valores-notícia para evidenciar como se dá, nas notícias, a relação homem e clima. Os objetivos específicos da pesquisa concentram-se em caracterizar os acontecimentos climáticos para o jornalismo, definir conceitos como tempo e clima, compreender como se dá historicamente a relação entre a imprensa e clima e entre jornalismo e meteorologia. Apresentamos um mapeamento dos acontecimentos climáticos em Zero Hora através de uma pesquisa qualitativa com abordagem quantitativa de caráter exploratório para identificarmos os valores-notícia, e seus significados a partir de alguns aspectos das teorias das Representações utilizando contribuições de Patrick Charaudeau, Stuart Hall e Cristina Ponte. Também realizamos entrevistas com profissionais da meteorologia e do jornalismo para compreender como eles interagem com o tema. Nosso estudo buscou analisar desde as notícias que envolvem as condições variáveis do tempo no dia-a-dia até as que mostram os efeitos das mudanças climáticas que podem levar anos para se manifestar, no jornal Zero Hora, da Rede Brasil Sul, no Rio Grande do Sul. Analisamos 41 edições e mapeamos a cobertura de 90 acontecimentos climáticos. A partir dos valores-notícia encontrados podemos observar como Zero Hora representa a relação homem e clima. O trabalho conclui que o jornal representa o homem como vítima dos eventos climáticos. Há uma personificação da natureza, diante desses eventos, na qual ela é apontada como a grande culpada pelas consequências, mudanças, destruição e mortes. Essa representação do clima mostra que não há um debate aprofundado sobre a própria intervenção do homem na natureza. Os valores-notícia que guiam a abordagem do clima e do tempo em Zero Hora não estão relacionados a aspectos como a problemática ambiental. Problemas como a má ocupação do espaço urbano, o assoreamento dos rios, os locais de risco e a falta de políticas públicas, os quais podem ser apontados como causadores de alagamentos ou enchentes, por exemplo, não são evidenciados nas notícias sobre o clima.

The purpose of this study is to illustrate how the Swedish newspaper Sportbladet constructs their two leading pages in order to determine which are the most prioritized news and thereby reach an understanding regarding what is neglected. Framing studies, gender studies as well as studies of news values provides the theoretical underpinnings. The study is based on a quantitative content analysis and the empirical material is comprised of 728 articles. The aim is also to present a bigger picture of how the newspaper values its content and what kind of material is placed on the leading pages. The study found that football was the dominant sport followed by ice hockey and the primary focus was mens sports. In addition to this the sports mainly took place on Swedish soil with Swedish athletes involved.

A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar a cobertura sobre o Código Florestal Brasileiro no Jornal Nacional de março de 2012 até maio de 2013. Utilizamos a metodologia de Análise de Conteúdo para verificar quais os valores-notícia de seleção e de construção que mais apareceram nas categorias de questão ambiental e política. Examinamos também quais foram as fontes mais consultadas no período de análise. Os valores-notícia de seleção mais usados foram conflito ou controvérsia, notoriedade e tempo (efeméride) nas duas questões. Os valores-notícia de seleção que apareceram mais nas duas questões foram dramatização e personalização, o valor de amplificação apareceu mais na questão política e o de simplificação na questão ambiental. As fontes mais utilizadas foram as primárias, oficiais e testemunhos. Em 2013, o Jornal Nacional não apresentou nenhuma matéria sobre o Código Florestal, nem em maio quando completou um ano de vigência. Concluímos que o foco ambiental foi preterido por uma cobertura política focada na disputa entre parlamentares ruralistas e ambientalistas em torno da redação do novo texto e do processo de votação. / This dissertation aims to the coverage about the Brazilian Forest Code in the Jornal Nacional, from 2012 to May 2013. The methodology used is content analysis in which will be checked what news values of selection and construction appear most in the categories environmental issue and politics. The most listened sources were also examined. The news values of selection that appear most were conflict or controversy, notoriety and time (ephemeris) in both issues and the news values of selection most used were dramatization, personalization on both issues and amplification, in the political issue, and simplification in the environmental issue. The most used sources were the primary, official and witnesses. In 2013, the Jornal Nacional showed no article about the Forest Code, not even in May when it completed one year of validity. We conclude that the environmental focus has been deprecated for a political coverage focused on the dispute between ruralist and environmentalist parliamentarians around the redaction of the new text.