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Verifica??o da atividade antif?ngica dos extratos vegetais sobre esp?cies de fungos do g?nero Aspergillus. / Verification of the antifungal activity of the vegetable extracts species of the gender Aspergillus.Vila Nova, Ana Cla?dia da Silva 16 April 2008 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2008-04-16 / Many areas are involved in the search for new substances from plants. The new global
trends of a concern for biodiversity and the ideas of sustainable development have brought
new air to studies of Brazilian medicinal plants. New lines of research were established in
Brazilian universities, some of them seeking solid basis for the validation of the use of
medicinal plants, thus justifying this work, using aqueous extracts of plants place of
occurrence, such as Cinnamomum spp., Mentha piperita and Passiflora foetida, inhibition of
growth of some species of the genus Aspergillus tox?genas, previously studied in the literature
and identified as antifungal and encouraging the use of plants to replace chemicals. Using the
method of minimum inhibitory concentration in agar, with the technique of dilution plate (Pour-Plate), being held dilutions of different extracts, from a solution of 5% and resulting in
the dilution of 2.5% and 1.25%. Batteries tests were incubated at the 36oC. It was held also
test for sensitivity to antifungal commercial - Ketoconazole. It was observed that the aqueous
extract of Cinnamomum spp. was able to inhibit the mycelial growth of A. flavus and A.
carbonarius at concentrations of 2.5% and 5% in readings of 48 hours. The other aqueous
extracts, used in this work, showed no inhibitory effect of mycelial growth of fungi tested. / Muitas ?reas est?o envolvidas na pesquisa de novas subst?ncias oriundas de
plantas. As novas tend?ncias globais de uma preocupa??o com a biodiversidade e as id?ias de
desenvolvimento sustent?vel trouxeram novos ares aos estudos das plantas medicinais
brasileiras. Novas linhas de pesquisa foram estabelecidas em universidades brasileiras,
algumas delas buscando bases s?lidas para a valida??o do uso de plantas medicinais,
justificando, assim, a realiza??o deste trabalho, utilizando extratos aquosos de plantas de
ocorr?ncia local, como a Cinnamomum spp., Mentha piperita e Passiflora foetida, na inibi??o
do crescimento de algumas esp?cies tox?genas do g?nero Aspergillus, previamente
pesquisadas na literatura e apontadas como antif?ngicas e favorecendo a utiliza??o de plantas
em substitui??o de produtos qu?micos. Utilizando o m?todo da concentra??o m?nima
inibit?ria em agar, com a t?cnica de dilui??o em placa (Pour-Plate), sendo realizadas dilui??es
dos diferentes extratos, partindo de uma solu??o de 5% e obtendo-se as dilui??es de 2,5% e
1,25%. As baterias testes foram incubadas a 36o C. Foi realizado, tamb?m, teste de
sensibilidade ao antif?ngico comercial Cetoconazol. Observou-se que o extrato aquoso de
Cinnamomum spp. mostrou-se capaz de inibir o crescimento micelial de A. flavus e A.
carbonarius nas concentra??es de 2,5% e 5%, nas leituras de 48 horas. Os demais extratos
aquosos, utilizados neste trabalho, n?o apresentaram efeito inibit?rio do crescimento micelial
dos fungos testados.
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Verifica??o da atividade antif?ngica de extratos aquosos de Cymbopogon citratus, Peumus boldus e Shinus terebinthifolia sobre cinco esp?cies de fungos do g?nero Aspergillus. / Verification of antifungal activity of aqueous extracts of Cymbopogon citratus, Peumus boldus and Shinus terebinthifolia on five species of fungi of the genus AspergillusSantos, Alexander 15 April 2008 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2008-04-15 / This work was developed in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology of the Institute
of Veterinary Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro in Serop?dica-RJ.
We evaluated the antifungal activity plant Cymbopogon citratus (lemon-grass), Peumus
boldus (boldo) and Shinus terebinthifolia (aroeira), inhibition of growth of species of the
genus Aspergillus (A. flavus, A. niger, A. ochraceus, A. Parasiticus and A. carbonarius. Using
the method of minimum inhibitory concentration in agar, with the technique of dilution plate
(Pour-Plate), were held dilutions of different extracts, resulting in the final concentrations of
5%, 2.5% and 1.25%. Testing of commercial sensitivity to antifungal - ketoconazole were
made in a final concentration of 1933.18 ? g /mL, as recommended by the National
Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). The results obtained in the
experiments have shown that aqueous extracts of C. citratus and S. terebinthifolia, after 24
hours of incubation, were able to inhibit the growth of A. flavus and A. carbonarius,
respectively. The other extracts being studied and tested in the concentrations were not able to
inhibit the growth of mycelial species of the genus Aspergillus. / Este trabalho foi desenvolvido no Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia do Instituto
de Veterin?ria da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, em Serop?dica-RJ. Foram
avaliadas a atividade antif?ngica das plantas Cymbopogon citratus (capim-lim?o), Peumus
boldus (boldo) e Shinus terebinthifolia (aroeira), na inibi??o do crescimento de esp?cies do
g?nero Aspergillus (A. flavus, A. niger, A. ochraceus, A. parasiticus e A. carbonarius).
Utilizando o m?todo da concentra??o inibit?ria m?nima em ?gar, com a t?cnica de dilui??o em
placa (Pour-Plate), foram realizadas dilui??es dos diferentes extratos, obtendo-se as
concentra??es finais de 5%, 2,5% e 1,25%. Testes de sensibilidade ao antif?ngico comercial -
cetoconazol foram realizados numa concentra??o final de 1933,18 ?g/mL, conforme
recomendada pelo National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). Os
resultados obtidos nos experimentos demonstraram que os extratos aquosos de C. citratus e S.
terebinthifolia, ap?s 24 horas de incuba??o, foram capazes de inibir o crescimento de A.
flavus e A. carbonarius, respectivamente. Os demais extratos em estudo e nas concentra??es
testadas, n?o foram capazes de inibir o crescimento micelial das esp?cies do g?nero
Aspergillus.
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Fatores de virul?ncia, resist?ncia ao estresse osm?tico e susceptibilidade de isolados de Candida tropicalis oriundos de ambiente costeiro do nordeste brasileiroAlves, Diana Luzia Zuza 26 March 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-03-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / V?rios estudos t?m sido desenvolvidos com rela??o aos riscos ? sa?de humana associados ao
uso recreativo de praias contaminadas com esgotos dom?sticos. Esses res?duos cont?m v?rios
micro-organismos, incluindo Candida tropicalis, agente etiol?gico tanto de infec??es
superficiais quanto sist?micas, al?m de indicador de contamina??o fecal do meio ambiente.
Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar isolados de C. tropicalis
oriundos da areia da Praia de Ponta Negra, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, quanto a
express?o de fatores de virul?ncia in vitro, a adapta??o ao estresse osm?tico e a
susceptibilidade ?s f?rmacos antif?ngicos. Foram analisados 62 isolados ambientais de C.
tropicalis, observando-se grande varia??o entre os mesmos para os diversos fatores de
virul?ncia avaliados. Em geral, os isolados ambientais foram mais aderentes a c?lulas
epiteliais bucais humanas (CEBH) do que a cepa de refer?ncia de C. tropicalis ATCC13803,
al?m de serem altamente produtoras de biofilme. Em rela??o ? morfog?nese, a maioria dos
isolados exibiu fen?tipo rugoso em meio Spider (34 isolados, 54,8%). Na avalia??o da
atividade enzim?tica, a maioria dos isolados teve maior produ??o de proteinase do que a cepa
de refer?ncia de C. tropicalis ATCC13803. Adicionalmente, 35 isolados (56,4%) tiveram alta
atividade hem?litica (?ndice de hem?lise > 55). Com rela??o ? resist?ncia de C. tropicalis ao
estresse osm?tico, 85,4% dos isolados foram resistentes em meio contendo 15% de cloreto de
s?dio, o que corrobora com a alta capacidade de sobreviv?ncia descrita para essa levedura no
ambiente mar?timo. Finalmente, no que diz respeito ? sensibilidade aos antif?ngicos foi
observada elevada resist?ncia aos az?licos testados (fluconazol, voriconazol e itraconazol),
com ocorr?ncia do fen?meno ?Low-high? e de efeito semelhante ao crescimento paradoxal
que ocorre para as equinocandinas. As cepas resistentes aos tr?s az?licos testados foram 15
(24,2%). Para a anfotericina B tamb?m ocorreu resist?ncia (14 isolados, 22,6%), ao passo
que para as equinocandinas todas as cepas foram sens?veis. Portanto, nossos resultados
demonstram que isolados de C. tropicalis oriundos da areia de praia do nordeste brasileiro
podem expressar plenamente atributos de virul?ncia e apresentam alta capacidade de
persist?ncia no ambiente costeiro, al?m de serem significativamente resistentes aos
antif?ngicos mais empregados na pr?tica cl?nica atual. Isso constitui potencial risco ? sa?de
dos frequentadores desse ambiente, especialmente indiv?duos imunocomprometidos e em
extremos et?rios. / Several studies have been developed regarding health risks associated with the recreational
use of beaches contaminated with domestic sewage. These wastes contain various microorganisms,
including Candida tropicalis, etiologic agent of both superficial infections such as
systemic, as well as indicator of fecal contamination for the environment. In this context, the
objective of this study was to characterize C. tropicalis isolates from the sandy beach of
Ponta Negra, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, regarding the expression of in vitro
virulence factors, adaptation to osmotic stress and susceptibility to antifungal drugs. We
analyzed 62 environmental isolates of C. tropicalis and observed a great variation between
them for the various virulence factors evaluated. In general, environmental isolates were
more adherent to CEBH than C. tropicalis ATCC13803 reference strain, besides the fact they
were also highly biofilm producers. In relation to morphogenesis, most isolates presented
wrinkled phenotype in Spider medium (34 isolates, 54.8 %). When assessing enzyme
activity, most isolates had higher proteinase production than C. tropicalis ATCC13803
reference strain. In addition, 35 isolates (56.4 %) had high hemolytic activity (hemolysis
index > 55). With regard to C. tropicalis resistance to osmotic stress, 85.4% of the isolates
were able to grow in a liquid medium containing 15% sodium chloride, corroborating to high
survival capacity described for this yeast at marine environment. Finally, with regard to
sensitivity to antifungal drugs, it was observed high resistance to the azoles tested, with the
occurrence of the "Low-high" phenomenon and similar effect to the paradoxical growth
which occurs to the echinocandins. For the three azoles tested we verified that 15 strains were
resistant (24.2 %). Some strains were also resistant to amphotericin B (14 isolates, 22.6 %),
while all of them were sensitive for the echinocandins tested. Therefore, our results
demonstrate that C. tropicalis isolated from the sand of northeast of Brazil can fully express
virulence attributes and showed a high persistence capacity on the coastal environment, in
addition of being significantly resistant to most applied antifungals in current clinical
practice. This constitutes a potential health risk to visitors of this environment, especially
immunocompromised individuals and those with extreme age range.
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Introns do grupo I no LSU rRNA mitocondrial de Cryptococcus neoformans e Cryptococcus gattii e a sua rela??o com gen?tipos e susceptibilidade a antif?ngicosGomes, Felipe Emmanuel do Esp?rito Santo 16 March 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-03-16 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A criptococose, causada pelas esp?cies f?ngicas Cryptococcus neoformans e Cryptococcus gattii, ? uma das micoses oportun?sticas e/ou sist?micas mais importantes no mundo. Cada esp?cie possui quatro gen?tipos, usualmente definidos pelo PCR-RFLP do gene URA5, os quais apresentam diferen?as em sua ecologia, epidemiologia, distribui??o geogr?fica e susceptibilidade a antif?ngicos. Marcadores moleculares de acesso mais direto s?o atrativos para um r?pido reconhecimento de gen?tipos ou de carater?sticas relevantes como virul?ncia e susceptibilidade antif?ngica. Neste sentido, introns autocatal?ticos do grupo I, no rRNA LSU mitocondrial foram aqui avaliados como potencial marcador molecular para os gen?tipos de C. neoformans e C. gattii, bem como quanto a sua rela??o com a susceptibilidade a antif?ngicos. Foram utilizados 77 isolados brasileiros, sendo a maioria do gen?tipo VNI (39 cepas), seguido de 20 VGII, 5 VNIV, 4 VNII, 3 VNIII, 2 VGI, 2 VGIII e 2 VGIV. Os introns Cne.mL2449 e Cne.mL2504 foram amplificados em um s? PCR com primers complementares a regi?o do gene rRNA LSU flanqueadora dos introns. Os produtos de PCR mostraram um polimorfismo de comprimento significativo entre gen?tipos de C. neoformans e C. gattii. O sequenciamento destes produtos indicou que algumas cepas apresentaram nenhum, um, dois, tr?s ou quatro introns em s?rie. Estes dois novos introns, n?o descritos anteriormente, foram nomeados de Cne.mL2439 e Cne.mL2584 em C. neoformans e Cga.mL2439 e Cga.mL2584 em C. gattii. Os introns Cne.mL2439/Cga.mL2439 foram classificados como pertences a subclasse IB2 ao passo que Cne.mL2584/Cga.mL2584, pertencentes a subclasse IA1. Curiosamente, os gen?tipos com isolados sem introns, VNI, VGII, VGI e VNIV, s?o aqueles conhecidos como mais virulentos e menos suscept?veis a agentes antif?ngicos. De fato, tais isolados apresentaram MICs significativamente superiores para 5-flucitosina. Estes achados sugerem que estes elementos podem ser utilizados como potenciais marcadores moleculares para a resist?ncia deste antif?ngico. Por fim, an?lises filogen?ticas sugeriram alta similaridade de sequ?ncia entre os introns Cne.mL2449, Cne.mL2504, Cne.mL2439/Cga.mL2439 e Cne.mL2584/Cga.mL2584 com outros introns mitocondriais presentes nos genes COX1, COX2, COX3, NAD5, ATP9, COB, LSU de fungos distintos, sustentando a hip?tese de origem antiga dos introns (hip?tese ?introns early?), al?m da dispers?o destes elementos em s?tios heter?logos, via splicing reverso. / Cryptococcosis, caused by the fungal species Cryptococcus neoformans or Cryptococcus gattii, is one of the most important systemic and/or opportunistic diseases in the world. Each species has four genotypes, usually accessed by PCR-RFLP of the URA5 gene, which present differences in their ecology, epidemiology, geographical distribution and antifungal susceptibility. Easier accessible molecular markers are attractive for rapid recognition of genotypes or relevant characteristics such as virulence and antifungal susceptibility. In this way, group I autocatalytic introns in the mitochondrial LSU rRNA were evaluated as potential molecular marker for the genotypes of C. neoformans and C. gatti, as well as their relationship to antifungal susceptibility. Seventy-seven Brazilian isolates were used, most of the genotype VNI (39 strains) followed by 20 VGII, 5 VNIV, 4 VNII, 3 VNIII, 2 VGI, 2 VGIII and 2 VGIV. The introns Cne.mL2449 and Cne.mL2504 were amplified in a single PCR with complementary primers to the flanking region of the introns LSU rRNA gene. PCR products showed a significant polymorphism between C. neoformans and C. gattii genotypes. Sequencing of the PCR products indicated that some strains had none, one, two, three or four introns followed. This new two introns, not previously described in the mitochondrial genome of Cryptococcus, were named Cne.mL2439 and Cne.mL2584 in C. neoformans and Cga.mL2439 and Cga.mL2584 in C. gattii. Cne.mL2439/Cga.mL2439 introns were classified as belonging to IB2, whereas Cne.mL2584/Cga.mL2584, as belonging IA1 subclass. Interestingly, genotypes with some intronless strains, VNI, VGII, VGI and VNIV, are those known to be more virulent and less susceptible to antifungal agents. Here, we observed that those intronless isolates had significant higher MICs values for 5-flucytosine. The findings suggest that these elements can be used as potential molecular markers for antifungal resistance. Finally, phylogenetic analyzes suggested high sequence similarity between the introns Cne.mL2449, Cne.mL2504, Cne.mL2439/Cga.mL2439 and Cne.mL2584/Cga.mL2584 with other mitochondrial introns present in the genes COX1, COX2, COX3, NAD5, ATP9, COB, LSU of fungi supporting the ?introns early? hypothesis, as well as its dispersion to heterologous sites by reverse splicing.
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Morfoanatomia, composi??o qu?mica e atividade biol?gica do ?leo essencial de esp?cies nativas de LippiaOliveira, Ariana Reis Messias Fernandes de 17 December 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-12-17 / The aim of this study was to characterize the morphology, production, content, chemical composition and bioactive activity of essential oils of Lippia bromleyana, Lippia lasiocalycina, Lippia insignis and Lippia thymoides, endemic species of the Bahia semi-arid. The species were grown in the Experimental Station Horto Florestal State University of Feira de Santana (UEFS) in the city of Feira de Santana - Bahia. The essential oils are extracted from dry leaves and inflorescences, by hydrodistillation in Clevenger apparatus, and chemical composition was determined by GC/MS and GC/FID. Were carried out quantitative and qualitative morphological characterizations, in addition to agronomic characterization. The leaf anatomy, types and frequency of hair were observed in binocular microscope and electronic scanning light. The antioxidant activity was assessed by the ability of the substances present in the sample capture the free radical DPPH, using five concentrations of essential oils (2, 6, 10, 14 and 18 mg mL1) and the antifungal activity by mycelium growth in vitro testing five essential oil concentrations (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.25 ?L mL-1). In conditions where the study was conducted, it can be concluded that there are morphological differences between species in all traits, except only the number of flowers per inflorescence; there agronomic differences for all traits with L. lasiocalycina stood out in relation to the variable oil yield, while L. insignis and L. thymoides regarding the essential oil content; were identified six types of glandular trichomes one, two and tetracelular and three types of trichomes; the species L. bromleyana presents as differential anatomical absence of trichomes on the abaxial surface; L. thymoides has glandular trichomes with irregular contours on both sides, distinguishing it from other species; the frequency of trichomes on the abaxial surface is higher in species L. insignis and L. lasiocalycina, which are more anatomically similar; the major compounds found in the samples of essential oils of L. bromleyana, L. lasiocalycina, L. insignis and L. thymoides were piperitone oxide and limonene; E-ocimenona, myrcenone, myrcene, ?-myrcene and ?-cymene; thymol, myrcenone and E-ocimenona; and ?-caryophyllene, germacrene D, respectively; L. insignis and L. bromleyana stood out in relation to the antioxidant and antifungal activity, respectively. / O objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar a morfologia e a produ??o, teor, composi??o qu?mica e atividade bioativa de ?leos essenciais de Lippia bromleyana, Lippia lasiocalycina, Lippia insignis e Lippia thymoides, esp?cies end?micas do semi?rido baiano. As esp?cies foram cultivadas na Unidade Experimental Horto Florestal da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), na cidade de Feira de Santana ? Bahia. Os ?leos essenciais foram extra?dos de folhas e infloresc?ncias secas, por meio da hidrodestila??o em aparelho de Clevenger e a composi??o qu?mica determinada por CG/EM e CG/DIC. Foram realizadas caracteriza??es morfol?gicas quantitativas e qualitativas, al?m da caracteriza??o agron?mica. A anatomia foliar, tipos e frequ?ncia de tricomas foram observados em microsc?pio de luz binocular e eletr?nico de varredura. A atividade antioxidante foi avaliada pela capacidade das subst?ncias presentes na amostra captarem o radical livre DPPH, utilizando cinco concentra??es dos ?leos essenciais (2, 6, 10, 14 e 18 mg mL-1) e a atividade antif?ngica pelo crescimento miceliano in vitro, testando cinco concentra??es do ?leo essencial (0,25, 0,50, 0,75, 1,0 e 1,25 ?L mL-1). Nas condi??es em que foi realizado o estudo, pode-se concluir que existem diferen?as morfol?gicas entre as esp?cies em todas as caracter?sticas avaliadas, com exce??o apenas para o n?mero de flores por infloresc?ncia; existem diferen?as agron?micas para todos os caracteres avaliados, sendo que L. lasiocalycina se destacou em rela??o ? vari?vel rendimento de ?leo, enquanto que L. insignis e L. thymoides em rela??o ao teor de ?leo essencial; foram identificados seis tipos de tricomas glandulares uni, bi e tetracelular e tr?s tipos de tricomas tectores; a esp?cie L. bromleyana apresenta como diferencial anat?mico aus?ncia de tricomas tectores na face abaxial; L. thymoides possui tricomas glandulares com contornos irregulares em ambas as faces, distinguindo-a das demais esp?cies; a frequ?ncia de tricomas tectores na face abaxial ? superior nas esp?cies L. insignis e L. lasiocalycina, as quais s?o mais semelhantes anatomicamente; os compostos majorit?rios encontrados nas amostras dos ?leos essenciais de L. bromleyana, L. lasiocalycina L. insignis e L. thymoides foram: ?xido de piperitona e limoneno; E-ocimenona, mircenona, mirceno, ?-mirceno e ?-cimeno; timol, mircenona e E-ocimenona; ?-cariofileno e germacreno D, respectivamente; L. insignis e L. bromleyana se destacaram em rela??o ? atividade antioxidante e antif?ngica, respectivamente.
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Plantas do cerrado brasileiro: triagem fitoqu?mica e de atividades biol?gicas de esp?cies nativas do munic?pio de Diamantina, regi?o do Vale do Jequitinhonha, Minas GeraisCunha, Let?cia Figueiredo January 2016 (has links)
?rea de concentra??o: Ci?ncias farmac?uticas. / Data de aprova??o ausente. / Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-08-01T18:51:24Z
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Previous issue date: 2016 / As plantas, por serem fonte de subst?ncias biologicamente ativas, s?o utilizadas com a
finalidade terap?utica desde o in?cio da civiliza??o humana. O Brasil, por sua vez, ? detentor
de uma vasta diversidade biol?gica e possui uma grande quantidade de esp?cies vegetais com
potencial medicinal. Dentre os diversos biomas do territ?rio brasileiro, o Cerrado representa o
segundo maior, registrando-se muitas esp?cies medicinais. Apesar de sua rica biodiversidade
muitas plantas end?micas deste bioma foram pouco estudadas do ponto de vista qu?mico e
biol?gico. Consequentemente, ? necess?rio maior investimento em pesquisas com plantas
medicinais para tratamento de doen?as, principalmente, as cr?nicas degenerativas e
parasit?rias, como Doen?a de Chagas, Leishmanioses, C?ncer e as infec??es causadas por
bact?rias e fungos, cujo o tratamento apresenta importantes limita??es. Assim, o objetivo
deste estudo foi realizar a triagem fitoqu?mica e de atividades biol?gicas de extratos
etan?licos de 12 esp?cies de plantas oriundas do Cerrado, coletadas no mun?cipio de
Diamantina, Vale do Jequitinhonha/MG. Para a triagem fitoqu?mica preliminar destes extratos
foram realizadas rea??es cromog?nicas, de precipita??es e an?lises em cromatografia em
camada delgada comparativa (CCDC). A citotoxicidade para c?lulas normais de mam?feros
foi avaliada em fibroblastos de camundongos (L929). A linhagem celular de c?ncer de mama
MDA-MB-231 foi a utilizada para a avalia??o da atividade antitumoral dos extratos. A
avalia??o da atividade antitripanossomat?deo foi realizada sobre formas epimastigotas da cepa
Colombiana de Trypanossoma cruzi e, sobre as formas promastigotas das cepas BH46 de
Leishmania (leishmania) infantum e cepa M2269 de Leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis.
Para a avalia??o destas atividades foi empregada a t?cnica colorim?trica de MTT. A avalia??o
das atividades antibacteriana e antif?ngica foi realizada por meio da determina??o da
Concentra??o Inibit?ria M?nima (CIM), empregando a t?cnica colorim?trica da Resazurina.
As esp?cies de bact?rias utilizadas foram Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa e Staphylococcus aureus. Na atividade antif?ngica foram utilizadas quatro
esp?cies de leveduras (Candida albicans, Candida famata, Candida krusei e Candida
tropicalis) e duas esp?cies de fungos filamentosos (Aspergillus niger e Penicillium
expansum). Dos 13 extratos avaliados com rela??o a citotoxicidade sobre fibroblastos de
camundongos da linhagem L929, todos apresentaram algum grau de citotoxicidade. Alguns
destes extratos apresentaram elevada toxicidade sobre esta linhagem celular, sendo que o
extrato etan?lico das folhas de E. erythropappus foi o mais t?xico. Na avalia??o da atividade
antitumoral, com exce??o do extrato etan?lico das folhas de P. rigida, todos os outros extratos
avaliados apresentaram atividade. Destes o mais promissor tamb?m foi o extrato etan?lico das
folhas de E. erythropappus. Na avalia??o da atividade tripanocida sobre formas epimastigotas
da cepa Colombiana de T. cruzi, nove extratos foram ativos contra este parasito. Destes os
mais promissores foram os extratos das folhas de A. aculeata e das folhas de E.
erythropappus. Na avalia??o da atividade leishmanicida para a cepa M2269 os extratos
etan?licos das folhas de E. erythropappus e das folhas de B. oxyclada apresentaram como os
mais promissores e, para a cepa BH46 o extrato etan?lico de toda esp?cie T. catahartica foi o
mais promissor, seguido tamb?m do extrato etan?lico das folhas de E. erythropappus. Na
avalia??o da atividade antibacteriana somente os extratos etan?licos das folhas de B.
oxyclada, de P. tomentosa e S. rugosa foram ativos e, as ?nicas bact?rias sens?veis foram P.
aeruginosa e S. aureus. Destes o extrato etan?lico de P. tomentosa inibiu um maior n?mero de
bact?rias com a??o bactericida. Os fungos filamentosos, A. niger e P. expansum, se mostraram
resistentes a todos os extratos avaliados e C. krusei foi a levedura mais sens?vel. Os extratos
das folhas de B. oxyclada e das folhas de P. tomentosa foram os extratos que inibiram o maior
n?mero de esp?cies f?ngicas com os menores valores de CIM. Atrav?s destes resultados,
sugere-se que os extratos etan?licos das folhas de Eremanthus erythropappus, de Peixotoa
tomentosa e de Banisteriopsis oxyclada apresentaram o maior n?mero de atividades
biol?gicas e com os melhores resultados, o que torna estas esp?cies as mais promissoras como
fontes potenciais de mol?culas bioativas para o tratamento de C?ncer, Doen?a de Chagas,
Leishmanioses e infe??es bacterianas e f?ngicas, necessitando de mais estudos a fim de
identificar as subst?ncias respons?veis por tais atividades e pela citotoxicidade e, valid?-las
atrav?s de outros modelos in vitro e in vivo. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Farmac?uticas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, [2016]. / Plants are a potencial source of biologically active substances and they are used for
therapeutic purposes since the beginning of human civilization. Brazil, in turn, holds a vast
biological diversity and has a lot of plant species with medicinal potential. Among the various
biomes of Brazil, the Cerrado is the second largest, registering many medicinal species.
Consequently, it is necessary to invest more in research of medicinal plants as possible new
treatments, especially for the degenerative and chronic disease such as Chagas,
Leishmaniasis, cancer and infections caused by bacteria and fungi, whereof treatment has big
limitations. The objective of this study was the phytochemical screening and biological
activities studies of ethanolic extracts of 12 plants species from the Cerrado, collected in the
municipality of Diamantina, Vale do Jequitinhonha / MG.For the preliminary phytochemical
screening were made chromogenic and precipitation reactions and analysis in thin-layer
chromatography. Cytotoxicity for normal mammalian cells was evaluated in mouse fibroblasts
(L929) and the cell line of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 was used to analyze the antitumor
activity of the extracts. The evaluation of antitripanossomatideo activity was performed using
epimastigotas of Colombiana Trypanosoma cruzi strain and promastigotes of BH46
Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum strain and M2269 Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis
strain. The analyze of these activities were based at the colorimetric MTT technique. The
evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activities was performed by determining the
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) employing the colorimetric Resazurin technique.
Species of bacteria used were Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and Staphylococcus aureus. In the antifungal activity were used four species of yeast
(Candida albicans, Candida famata, Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis) and two species
of filamentous fungi (Aspergillus niger and Penicillium expansum). Of the 13 extracts
evaluated for cytotoxicity using the L929 strain mouse fibroblasts, all they had some
cytotoxicity level. Some of these extractsthen showed a high toxicity in this assay cell line,
wherein the ethanolic extract of E. erythropappus leaves was the most toxic. In the evaluation
of antitumor activity all extracts showed activity, exception for the extract of P. rigida leaves.
Among these the most promising was either the ethanolic extract of the leaves of E.
erythropappus. Evaluation of trypanocidal activity using Colombian strain of T. cruzi
epimastigotas, present active for nine extracts against this parasite, been the A. aculeata and
leaves E. erythropappus leaf extract the most promising. Leishmanicidal activity for the
M2269 strain of E. erythropappus B. oxyclada leaf extract presented as the most promising
and, for the BH46 strain the T. catahartica role plant extract shows the best results, followed
by the E. erythropappus leaf extract. In the antibacterial activity assay only the B. oxyclada,
P. tomentosa and S. rugosa leaf extracts were active, and the only for P. aeruginosa and S.
aureus. Among these the P. tomentosa extract inhibited a greater number of bacteria with
bactericidal action. Filamentous fungus A. niger and P. expansum were resistant to all extracts
evaluated and C. krusei was the most sensitive yeast. P. tomentosa and B. oxyclada leaf
extracts inhibited more yeast species but with the lowest MIC values. Due these results, it is
suggested that the E. erythropappus of P. tomentosa and B. oxyclada leaf ethanolic extracts
showed the greatest of biological activities, making these the most promising species as
potential sources of bioactive molecules for the treatment of cancer, Chagas disease,
Leishmaniasis and bacterial and fungal infections, yet requiring further studies to identify the
substances responsible for such activities and cytotoxicity and validate them through other
models in vitro and in vivo.
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