This item was digitized as part of the Million Books Project led by Carnegie Mellon University and supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF). Cornell University coordinated the participation of land-grant and agricultural libraries in providing historical agricultural information for the digitization project; the University of Arizona Libraries, the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and the Office of Arid Lands Studies collaborated in the selection and provision of material for the digitization project.

This project traces the ways universities articulate a desire for diversity through the gateway genres of college admissions, composition course placement, and first-year-composition (FYC). Together, these genres serve as points of access for a theoretical study that seeks to better understand the ideological function of writing programs to socialize borderline college applicants into the rhetorically constructed role of a Diverse College Student. I focus on what I call bootstraps genres--reoccurring rhetorical situations that call for students to recount social hardships like racism and classism as personal hardships to be overcome through personal heroics. Despite being immersed in rhetorics of individualism, the college application essay, the directed self-placement guide, and the literacy narrative all call for the mimetic construction of disadvantage as an appeal to college-readiness. As new college students move through the initiation rituals of admissions, orientation, and FYC, they are presented with rhetorical tasks that are both raced and classed. Bootstraps genres ask students to first read the university's desire for diversity and then fulfill that desire through personal stories of difference and disadvantage.

The first project involved the evaluation of different times of application on the fertilizer nitrogen recovery (FNR) in the soil-plant system in an irrigated upland cotton system, during two seasons. This was accomplished by using the isotopic dilution technique applying the 15N to microplots. No differences were observed in the total plant FNR, seed and stover, soil and the total FNR among the different 15N application times; however, despite no differences were observed in the plant the FNR value ranged from 30-38%, while the seed exhibited the highest FNR with an average over 50% of the 15N recovered in the plant. In the soil, the obtained average FNR value was over 40% while the total FNR (plant + soil) ranged from 70-80%, being reduced as the 15N application time was delayed.The second project was conducted during two seasons to examine the 15N and bromide distribution pattern in the soil profile as a function of the time of application. 15Nitrogen and bromide were applied to the soil at three different times in a cotton growth cycle; after that, soil samples were taken at the end of the cotton cycle to a depth of 1.80 m., and 15N and bromide recoveries were determined. Slightly higher FNR were obtained with the intermediate application time. The higher FNR were detected in the surface layer (0-30 cm) with an average of 40%. Below 30 cm depth, low 15N recoveries were obtained and even lower below the 60 cm soil layer. Bromide recovery behavior was related to the water movement in the soil profile: as the Br- application time was delayed more of the anionic tracer was found in the top of the soil profile, while less Br- was found in the surface soil for the early Br- application time.

Šiame darbe buvo analizuojami KMS grafinės vartotojo sąsajos elementai. Nagrinėjamos KMS suteikiamos galimybės spręsti transformacijos uždavinius. Tyrimui pasirinktos šios KMS: Maple 10 ir Mathematica 5.2. Šio darbo tikslas – sukurti aplikaciją „Transformacijos“ Maple 10 sistema. Darbo rezultatai parodė, kad KMS Maple 10 leidžia atlikti žymiai daugiau geometrinių objektų transformacijų, nei KMS Mathematica 5.2. Vykdant darbą buvo sukurta aplikacija „Transformacijos“ Maple 10 sistema, kuri leidžia transformuoti tašką, atkarpą ir trikampį. Iš transformacijų buvo panaudota simetrija taško arba tiesės atžvilgiu, lygiagretusis postūmis ir homotetija. Minėta aplikacija gali būti taikoma bendrojo lavinimo mokyklose kaip pagalbinė vaizdinė mokymo priemonė nagrinėjant simetriją, postūmį ir t. t. Kasmet tobulėjant KMS atsiranda vis daugiau galimybių jas plačiau panaudoti platesniam užduočių spektrui ne tik matematikoje, bet ir fizikoje, kitose mokslo srityse. / CMS(Computer Mathematics System) elements of graphical users’ connections were analyzed in this research.There were analyzed CMS using possibilities for doing transformation tasks. CMS: Maple10 and Mathematica 5.2 wre chosen for this research. The purpose of this research is the creating the application of transformation by Maple system. The results of this research showed, what CMS Maple lets doing more transformations of geometrical objects than CMS Mathematica. It was created the application of ‘’Transformation’’Maple system, which lets to transform a point, a range and a triangle. There were used symmetry in point of reflection, collateral translation and homotethy of transformation. The application, which were mentioned, can be applied for comprehensive schools as additional visual training aids in analyzing of symmetry or collateral translation. Every year the possibilities of CMS let to use it for various tasks and not only in Mathematics or Physics, but in other subjects too.

As smart devices become more prevalent, children have increasing access to them - and at younger ages than ever before. This presents the opportunity to harness this time they spend on the devices by creating educational applications that can both entertain and teach. Our goal was to create an application that would introduce young children to the alphabet and begin to teach them how to write letters. The result, AlphaBoodle, is an iOS application aimed at children ages two through four who have not yet begun to read. It was designed using general iOS application principles, educational research about how children use technology, and methods that teachers utilize to introduce children to the alphabet. The current version of AlphaBoodle is a proof-of- concept of the feasibility of such a project; testing has shown that it appears to be a worthwhile endeavor. In the future we hope to complete the application and release it to the public.

Web servers that generate dynamic content are widely used in the development of Internet applications. With the Internet highly connected to people’s lifestyles, the service requirements of Internet applications have increased significantly. This increasing trend intensifies the need to improve server performance in dynamic content generation. In this thesis, we describe the opportunity to improve server performance by co-locating the web server and the application server on the same machine. We identify related work and discuss their respective advantages and deficiencies. We then introduce and explain our technique that passes the client socket’s file descriptor from the web server process to the application server. This allows the application server to reply to the client directly, reducing the amount of data copied and improving server performance. Experiments were designed to evaluate the performance of this technique and provide a detailed analysis of processor time and data copying during response delivery. A performance comparison against alternative approaches has been performed. We analyze the results to understand factors in data copying efficiency and determine that cache misses are an important factor in server performance. There are four major contributions in this thesis. First, we show that in multiprocessor environments, co-locating web servers and application servers can take advantage of faster communication. Second, we introduce a new technique that reduces the amount of data copied by two-thirds. This technique requires no modifications to the application server code (other existing techniques do), and it is also applicable in a variety of systems, allowing easy adoption in production environments. Third, we provide a performance comparison against other approaches and raise questions regarding data copying efficiency. Our technique attains an average peak throughput of 1.27 times the FastCGI with Unix domain sockets in both uniprocessor and multiprocessor environments. Finally, our analysis on the effect of cache misses on server performance provides valuable insights into why these benefits are obtained.

An object-oriented methodology MERODE is analyzed in this paper. Main aim of the article is to demonstrate practical application of MERODE methodology for creating computerized information systems, analyzing advantages and disadvantages of the new methodology. MERODE models are being combined with UML models. MERODE is used for modeling objects and events models that concludes classes and methods in the program code. UML models ar being used for analysing organisation aims, use cases that need to be computerized. The program code, recieved from MERODE models is more extensive than generated from UML models.

Ce travail comporte deux parties dont la première concerne l'ensemble asymptotique d'une application polynomiale $F : \C^n \to \C^n$. Dans les années 90s, Z. Jelonek a montré que cet ensemble est une variété algébrique complexe singulière de dimension (complexe) $n-1$. Nous donnons une méthode, appelée méthode façon, pour strati fier cet ensemble. Nous obtenons une strati cation de Thom-Mather. En utilisant les façons, nous donnons un algorithme pour expliciter l'ensemble asymptotique d'une application quadratique dominante en trois variables. Nous obtenons aussi une liste des ensembles asymptotiques dans ce cas. La deuxième partie concerne l'ensemble $V_F$ , appelé l'ensemble des Valette. L'année 2010, Anna et Guillaume Valette ont construit une pseudo-variété réelle $V_F \in R^{2n+ p}$, où $p > 0$, associée à une application polynomiale $F : C^n \to C^n$. Dans le cas $n= 2$, ils ont prouvéque si $F$ est une application polynomiale de déterminant jacobien partout non nul, alors $F$ n'est pas propre si et seulement si l'homologie (ou l'homologie d'intersection) de $V_F$ n'est pas triviale en dimension 2. Nous donnons une généralisation de ce résultat, dans le cas d'une application polynomiale $F= (F_1, \ldots, F_n : \C^n to \C^n$ de jacobien partout non nul. Nous donnons aussi une méthode pour stratifi er l'ensemble $V_F$ . Comme applications, nous avons les strati cations de l'ensemble $K_{\infty}F$ des valeurs critiques asymptotiques de $F$, de l'ensemble $B(F)$ des points bifurcation de F.

Augant kompiuterių vartotojų skaičiui, auga ir taikomųjų programų poreikis. Daugeliui vartotojų reikalingos specializuotos, programos skirtos tik jų uždaviniams spręsti. Paprastai tokios programos nedaug skiriasi viena nuo kitos. Kurti tokias programas nuo nulio – ilgas ir brangus procesas. Siekiant palengvinti programavimo procesą, sutrumpinti laiką ir sumažinti kainą, buvo sukurta karkaso technologija. Ši technologija leidžia pakartotinį karkaso ir jo komponentų panaudojimą specializuotos programos kūrimui. Paprastai karkasas būna dviejų dalių: nekintanti dalis – karkasas ir kintanti dalis – bazinių klasių biblioteka. Kadangi pirmoji dalis yra karkasas ir jo perrašyti nereikia, sutaupoma daug laiko, o taip pat ir lėšų. Bazinės klasės jau būna pritaikytos darbui karkase, taigi specializuotos programos kūrimui pakanka šios klasės išvestinėje klasėje realizuoti specializuotas savybes ar, esant reikalui, perdengti esamas. Kadangi nereikia derinti klasės objekto darbui karkase (programos branduolyje), tai taip pat taupo programuotojo laiką. Kitaip tariant, tokio tipo programos plečiamos kuriant modulius. Tokios programos, kurios plečiamos moduliais, taupo ne tik programuotojo laiką, kliento pinigus ir supaprastina programos modifikavimą, bet ir taupo kompiuterio resursus. / As number of computer users grows also grows the need for applications. Many users need programs that are specialized to solve their problems. Usually such programs are not very different from each other. Creating such programs from zero is a long and expensive process. Framework technology was created to ease the programming process, shorten creation time and cut down the costs. This technology allows to reuse the framework and its components for creation of a specialized program. Usually the framework is made of two parts: not changing part – the framework and changing part – basic classes’ library. Since the first part is a framework, that doesn’t need to be rewritten, it saves a lot of time and financial resources. Basic classes are already adapted for the work in the framework, so for a specialized program it is sufficient to realize specialized features or if necessary to overlap current features in a derived class of a current class. Since there is no need to tune a class object for the work in a framework (application carnal) this also saves programmer’s time. In other words, programs of this type are extended by creating modules. Applications that are extended by using modules save not only time of the programmer, client’s money and simplify modification of the program, but also saves resources of a computer.

Nowadays there are several different types of ways to build a mobile application, through web technologies, or through mobile manufacturers’ languages. Thus, in this study we focus on the three major mobile application development strategies: Native, Hybrid, and Web to Native. This plurality of solutions renders the selection of a mobile application development strategy complex. Hence, this study aims at understanding how developers deal with the selection of a mobile development approach. This thesis analyses their behaviour thanks to a survey that collects crucial information about developers searching habits. The latter analysis concludes that general guidelines are not sufficient to provide a tailored and accurate selection of mobile application development approach. Therefore, this study aims at improving the activity of finding a mobile application development strategy. In addition to this, the past and current states of the subject are discussed in a critical manner, which therefore results in using an analytical research approach. Knowing the aforementioned, a design science research approach is used to outline the iteration processes that occurred during this study. Each step of the study is thoroughly treated thanks to a tailored design cycle. Consequently, a mobile development strategy-finding model has been built by combining literature review and survey’s results. This model highlights the importance of the criteria extracted from the literature review and the survey. To support and allow constant self-evolution of the model, a suggestion of web platform is proposed. Finally, this model has been compared with a Titanium model. The result of this comparison outlines that the model created in this study seems more usable because it comprises the three major mobile application development strategies whereas the Titanium model only focuses in native solutions and its own hybrid solution. Moreover, the Titanium model focuses on selling its product rather than showing why it is better than the other mobile application development strategies.