L’objectif principal de cette thèse est d’évaluer l’impact thérapeutique d’une intervention de stimulation cognitive associée à un programme d’activité physique au stade léger à modéré de la maladie d’Alzheimer. Précisément, il s’agit de détailler les effets respectifs et combinés de ces interventions selon les trois dimensions suivantes : 1) le fonctionnement cognitif général, 2) le fonctionnement exécutif à travers la mise à jour, l’alternance, l’inhibition et la planification, 3) le fonctionnement psychosocial, intégrant l’anxiété et la dépression. L’étude principale de cette thèse a comparé les performances pré- et post-intervention de 67 patients répartis en quatre groupes (i.e., groupe stimulation cognitive, groupe activité physique, groupe stimulation cognitive plus activité physique, groupe contrôle). Les résultats ont montré que, 1) la stimulation cognitive permet l’amélioration du fonctionnement cognitif général et le maintien des capacités d’alternance et de mise à jour, 2) l’activité physique favorise l’amélioration des capacités d’inhibition et le maintien des capacités d’alternance, et 3), l’association de la stimulation cognitive et de l’activité physique permet l’amélioration du fonctionnement cognitif général, l’amélioration des performances d’alternance et d’inhibition et le maintien des capacités de mise à jour. L’ensemble de ces résultats met en évidence le potentiel thérapeutique de la stimulation cognitive et de l’activité physique dans le traitement de la maladie d’Alzheimer. De plus, les données recueillies montrent que les bénéfices des interventions sont d’autant plus importants lorsque le programme intègre les deux formes de prises en charge. Les mécanismes par lesquels s’opèrent les changements dans la cognition des personnes souffrant d’Alzheimer sont discutés à travers le concept de réserve cognitive. L’enjeu des futures recherches réside dans le développement de thérapies visant le maintien du fonctionnement exécutif à travers la stimulation des capacités physiques et cognitives. / The principal objective of this thesis was to evaluate the therapeutic impact of an intervention which combines a cognitive stimulation program and a physical activity program in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. Specifically, the objective was to detail the respective and combined effects of these interventions in the three following dimensions, 1) general cognitive functioning, 2) executive functioning with updating, switching, inhibition and planning, 3) psychosocial functioning, including anxiety and depression. The main study of this thesis examines the pre-and post-intervention scores of 67 patients assigned into four groups (i.e., cognitive stimulation, physical activity, cognitive stimulation combined with physical activity, and control). The data showed that, 1) cognitive stimulation improved general cognitive functioning and maintained updating and switching abilities, 2) physical activity improved inhibition and switching abilities, and 3) associate cognitive stimulation and physical activity allowed the improvement of general cognitive functioning, inhibition and switching abilities, and allowed remaining updating abilities. Taken together, these results demonstrate the therapeutic effects of cognitive stimulation and physical activity in Alzheimer's disease treatment. Moreover, the data collected showed that the benefits of the interventions were particularly important when the program included both interventions. Mechanisms of changes in cognition of Alzheimer's patients are discussed through the concept of cognitive reserve. The aim for future researches is to develop programs of cognitive stimulation and physical activities to preserve executive functioning.

Bakgrund: Forskning tyder på att preoperativ ångest utgör ett vanligt förekommande problem hos patienter som skall genomgå kirurgi. Flera studier visade att den kan leda till olika postoperativa komplikationer. Det är sjuksköterskans ansvar att både identifiera och åtgärda ångest inför ett kirurgiskt ingrepp. Syfte: Att beskriva vilka icke-farmakologiska interventioner finns för att minska preoperativ ångest hos vuxna patienter. Metod: Studiens design var en litteraturöversikt som genomfördes enligt Fribergs metodbeskrivning. Litteraturöversikten bygger på tolv kvantitativa studier publicerade mellan 01/2007 och 09/2017. Sökningar utfördes i databaserna CINAHL Complete och PubMed. Resultat: Denna litteraturöversikt tyder på att det finns flera, olika interventioner som kan användas som komplement till farmakologisk behandling för att effektivt minska preoperativ ångest hos vuxna patienter. Ångest i den preoperativa fasen kan lindras om patienten får en utökad, individuell anpassad information. Ångest kan också minskas om patienten får ett känslomässigt stöd eller hjälp med att finna tröst i andlighet/religion. Litteraturöversiktens resultat tyder dessutom på att ångestnivå kan sänkas med hjälp av en lugn musik, naturljud eller vägledd dagdröm. Det framkom även att den preoperativa ångesten kan minskas genom avslappningsövningar, aromaterapi, akupunktur och zonterapi. Endast en fotografisk utställning har inte visats vara effektiv för att minska ångest i det preoperativa skedet. Diskussion: Resultatet av litteraturöversikten har diskuterats i relation till sjuksköterskans ansvarsområde. Resultatdiskussionen koncentreras kring praktiska frågor gällande implementering av de icke-farmakologiska metoderna i vården. Jean Watsons teori om mänsklig omsorg utgjorde översiktens teoretiska referensram som hjälpte författaren i resultatdiskussionen. / Background: Research indicates that preoperative anxiety is a widespread problem among patients undergoing surgery. It has been shown in several studies that preoperative anxiety may lead to different postoperative complications. It is the nurse's responsibility to identify and to reduce patients' anxiety. Aim: To describe which non-pharmacological interventions are available to reduce preoperative anxiety in adult patients. Method: The study was designed as a literature review performed according to the Fribergs method. This literature review is based on twelve quantitative articles published between 01/2007 and 09/2017. The search for the articles was conducted in CINAHL Complete database and PubMed database. Results: The result of this review indicates that there are several, different interventions that may be used in addition to pharmacological treatment in order to effectively reduce preoperative anxiety in adult patients. Anxiety in the preoperative phase can be alleviated by providing the patient with information tailored to the individual's needs. Anxiety can also be reduced by providing emotional support or by helping the patient to find comfort in spirituality/religion. The result of this review indicates moreover that the level of anxious can be minimized by listening to soothing music, nature sounds or guided imagery. Relaxation exercises, aromatherapy, acupuncture and reflexology were also found to reduce preoperative anxiety. Only the photographic display was not found to be effective in reducing anxiety in the preoperative phase. Discussion: The result of this review was discussed in relation to the nurse's responsibilities. The discussion of the results was focused on the practical issues about implementation of the non-pharmacological methods in the clinical practice. Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring was used as a theoretical framework that helped the author in results analysis.

Bakgrund: PONV står för postoperative nausea and vomiting och är ett vanligt problem som drabbar cirka 25–30% av patienterna som genomgår ett kirurgiskt ingrepp under generell anestesi. Vid PONV är det vanligt med både illamående och kräkningar, vilket leder till obehag hos patienten som lider av dessa symtom. Vårdtiden kan bli upp till dubbelt så lång på den postoperativa avdelningen för de patienter som lider av PONV med samtida smärta postoperativt jämfört med de som inte gör det. Syfte: Att beskriva vilka icke-farmakologiska åtgärder som sjuksköterskan kan använda sig av för att lindra PONV i samband med laparoskopisk kirurgi och i vilken utsträckning de lindrar. Metod: Forskningsdesignen som användes var en beskrivande litteraturöversikt inkluderande 11 vetenskapliga randomiserade kontrollerade studier publicerade år 2009–2019. Resultat: De icke-farmakologiska åtgärder som identifierades var akupressur, elektrisk stimulering, preoperativ dryck och musik. Akupressur, elektrisk stimulering och musik visade sig överlag ha en signifikant antiemetisk effekt främst under den tidiga postoperativa perioden hos patienter som genomgått laparoskopisk kirurgi, medan effekten av preoperativ dryck inte kunde klargöras. Slutsats: Akupressur, elektrisk stimulering och musik som icke-farmakologiska åtgärder mot PONV kan lindra och minska lidandet för patienten under det första postoperativa dygnet efter laparoskopisk kirurgi. Effekten av preoperativ dryck på PONV kan inte helt klargöras då inkluderade studier gav två varierande utfall. Sammanfattningsvis är musik och elektrisk stimulering kostnadseffektiva åtgärder som till viss del praktiskt kan tillämpas för att lindra PONV efter laparoskopisk kirurgi, där musik dessutom kan främja delaktigheten i vården för patienten och minska beroendet av sjuksköterskan. Nyckelord: Postoperativt illamående och kräkning, icke-farmakologiska åtgärder, sjuksköterska, laparoskopi. / Background: PONV stands for postoperative nausea and vomiting and is a common problem affecting about 25-30% of patients undergoing a surgical procedure under general anesthesia. At PONV, both nausea and vomiting are common, leading to discomfort in the patient suffering from these symptoms. The duration of care can be up to twice as long in the postoperative ward for patients suffering from PONV with contemporary pain post-operatively, compared to those who do not. Purpose: To describe what non-pharmacological interventions the nurse can use to relieve PONV in connection with laparoscopic surgery and to what extent they relieve. Method: The researchdesign used was a descriptive literature review including 11 scientific randomized control trials published in 2009–2019. Results: The non-pharmacological interventions identified were acupressure, electrical stimulation, preoperative drinking and music. Acupressure, electrical stimulation and music were generally found to have a significant antiemetic effect, especially during the early postoperative period, in patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery. The effect of preoperative drink could not be clarified. Conclusion: Acupressure, electrical stimulation, and music as non-pharmacological interventions against PONV can relieve and reduce the patient's suffering during the first postoperative day after laparoscopic surgery. The effect of preoperative drinking on PONV cannot be fully elucidated as included studies yielded two different outcomes. In summary, music and electrical stimulation are cost-effective interventions that can, to some extent, be practically applied to relieve PONV after laparoscopic surgery, in which music can further promote participation in patient care and reduce dependence on the nurse. Keywords: Postoperative nausea and vomiting, non-pharmacological interventions, nurse, laparoscopic

Bakgrund Demenssjukdom utgör ett stort hälsoproblem med både emotionella och fysiska konsekvenser. Många av de personer som lever med demenssjukdom flyttar till särskilda boenden när de inte längre klarar sig på egen hand. Beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom vid demens (BPSD) innefattar olika vanligt förekommande symtom vid demenssjukdom. Symtombehandling med läkemedel medför risker i form av förvirring, olyckor och fall. Syfte Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt är att beskriva effekter och användande av icke-farmakologiska metoder för att lindra symtom vid demens. Metod Litteraturöversikten baserades på 13 vetenskapliga artiklar, varav 11 kvantitativa och 2 kvalitativa, publicerade mellan 2012 och 2021. Artiklarna inhämtades från databaserna CINAHL, PubMed och PsycInfo. Studierna granskades enligt Örebros universitets mallar och därefter analyserades innehållet. Resultat Resultatet utgjordes av två huvudkategorier; Interventioners effekter med underkategorierna BPSD, Kognition, ADL, Livskvalitet och Vårdgivarbörda samt Användande av icke-farmakologiska metoder, med underkategorierna Tillfällen för icke-farmakologiska metoder, Kunskap och Hindrande faktorer. Resultatet visade att icke-farmakologiska metoder hade god effekt vid lindring av symtom vid demens. Effekten på olika symtom och grad av demens varierade beroende på metod. Slutsats Eftersom effekterna av de icke-farmakologiska metoderna varierade, krävdes en personcentrerad inställning där interventionerna individanpassades. Vid sidan av symtomlindring sågs effekter i form av ökad ADL-förmåga, ökad livskvalitet och minskad vårdgivarbörda. / Background Dementia constitutes a large threat on health and has both emotional and physical consequences. Many people that live with dementia move into care facilities when they can no longer cope on their own. Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia(BPSD) include different symptoms that are common in dementia. To treat these symptoms with drugs entails risks, such as confusion, accidents and falls. Aim The aim of this study is to describe effects, and use of, non-pharmacological methods to alleviate symptoms of dementia. Method This literature rewiev is based on 13 scientific articles; 11 quantitative and 2 qualitative, published between 2012 and 2021. The articles were obtained from the databases CINAHL, PubMed and PsycInfo. The studies were reviewed according to templates by Örebro University and thereafter the content was analysed. Results The result was divided into two main categories; The effects of interventions, with the subcategories BPSD, Cognition, ADL, Quality of life and Caregiver burden and The use of non-pharmacological methods, with the subcategories Opportunities for non-pharmacological methods, Knowledge and Hindering factors. The result indicated that non-pharmacological methods were effective for alleviation of symptoms of dementia.The effect on different symptoms and degree of dementia varied depending on method. Conclusions Since the effects of the non-pharmacological methods varied, a person-centred approach with individualized interventions was necessary. In addition, there were positive effects in form om increased capability to perform ADL, increased quality of life and reduced caregiver burden.

Nästan alla som har en kognitiv sjukdom utvecklar någon typ av beteendemässiga och psykiska symptom vid demens (BPSD). De olika symptomen vid BPSD kan ha många olika orsaker, däribland olika kroppsliga besvär eller otillfredsställda behov. Även biverkningar av läkemedel kan vara en orsak till att BPSD uppstår. Riktlinjerna säger att BPSD i första hand ska behandlas med icke-farmakologiska åtgärder. Trots detta behandlas BPSD ofta med läkemedel. Många av de läkemedel som används är olämpliga för personer med kognitiv sjukdom. Icke-farmakologiska åtgärder kan riktas till att tillfredsställa personens behov medan läkemedelsbehandling syftar till att minska ett symptom. Studiens syfte var att undersöka effekten av icke-farmakologiska åtgärder vid BPSD hos personer med kognitiv sjukdom som bor på vård- och omsorgsboende. Den metod som användes för att besvara studiens syfte var en integrerad analys för allmän litteraturöversikt. Data har sökts fram via CINAHL, PubMed och manuella sökningar. Femton artiklar inkluderades till resultatet i denna studie.  Resultatet är presenterat i kategorierna: Enkla interventioner och Komplexa interventioner med underkategorierna: Hundterapi, Ljusterapi och Pedagogiska föremål. Resultatet visar att ett flertal icke-farmakologiska åtgärder hade signifikant minskande effekt på BPSD men även att implementeringen av icke-farmakologiska åtgärder i vissa fall kunde leda till en ökning av somliga BPSD-symptom. Det fanns fall där olika studier kommit fram till olika effekt av liknande interventioner. Slutsatsen är att det finns underlag som motiverar prioriteringen av icke-farmakologiska åtgärder vid BPSD samt att dessa åtgärder ska utformas personcentrerat. / Almost everyone who has a cognitive disease will develop some type of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). The different symptoms of BPSD can have many different causes, including physical ailments or needs that have not been satisfied. Side effects from drugs can be another cause for BPSD. The guidelines recommend that BPSD should primarily be treated with non-pharmacological interventions. Despite this, BPSD is often treated with drugs. Many of the drugs used are inappropriate for people with cognitive disease. Non-pharmacological interventions focus on the person's needs while drug treatment is primarily focused on a symptom. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of non-pharmacological interventions on BPSD in people with cognitive disease living in nursing homes. The method used to answer the aim of this study was an integrated analysis for a review of literature. Data was sought through CINAHL, PubMed and manual searches. Fifteen articles were included in the result of this study. The result is presented in the categories: Simple interventions and Complex interventions with the subcategories: Dog therapy, Light therapy and Pedagogic objects. The result shows that several non-pharmacological interventions had significantly decreasing effect on BPSD but also that the implementation of non-pharmacological interventions in some cases could lead to an increase of some BPSD-symptoms. There were cases where different studies showed different effects from similar interventions. In conclusion it is supported to prioritate non-pharmacological interventions in BPSD and that these interventions should be designed in a person centred way.

Livslängden ökar och befolkningen blir äldre och därigenom blir demenssjukdomar allt vanligare. Psykologiska och motoriska besvär som orsakas av demenssjukdomar har samlingsnamnet, Beteendemässiga och Psykiska Symtom vid Demens (BPSD). En personcentrerad omvårdnad bygger på ett individualiserat förhållningssätt, något som är viktigt vid behandling av BPSD. Användning av läkemedel hos äldre personer med demenssjukdom ger en ökad risk för biverkningar som kardiovaskulära förändringar och ökad mortalitet. En ökad kunskap om icke-farmakologiska interventioner kan bidra till att minska onödigt användande av antipsykotiska läkemedel vid BPSD. Syftet var att sammanställa kunskap om icke-farmakologiska interventioner vid Beteendemässiga och Psykiska Symtom vid Demens (BPSD). För att besvara syftet genomfördes en kunskapsöversikt där data samlades in via en systematisk litteratursökning i databaserna, CINAHL, PubMed och PsycInfo och analyserades via en innehållsanalys. I analysen ingick 26 artiklar och samtliga var kvantitativa. Till frågeställningen, vilka icke-farmakologiska interventioner används vid BPSD symtom, framkom det sju kategorier; Aktivitet, Djur, Kognitiv, Musik, Riktlinjer, Sensorisk och Övrigt. Till frågeställningen, hur påverkar interventionerna symtom vid BPSD, framkom det sex kategorier; BPSD-, Affektiva-, Hyperaktivitets-, Apati-, Psykossymtom och Psykiskt/Psykosocialt mående. Resultatet visade för 97% av de 29 icke-farmakologiska interventionerna en positiv påverkan, med förbättring av något BPSD symtom. Därför är det viktigt att implementera icke-farmakologiska interventioner i omvårdnaden av personer drabbade av demenssjukdom. / The lifespan increases and the population grows older, thus are the numbers of dementia diseases increasing. Psychological and motor disorders caused by dementia have the collective name, Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD). A person-centered care is based on an individualized approach, something that is important in the treatment of BPSD. The use of drugs in elderly people with dementia presents an increased risk of side effects such as cardiovascular changes and increased mortality. Increased knowledge of non-pharmacological interventions can help reduce unnecessary use of antipsychotic drugs for BPSD. The purpose was to compile knowledge of non-pharmacological interventions for behavioral and psychological symptoms of Dementia (BPSD). To answer the purpose, a knowledge review was conducted where data was collected via a systematic literature search in the databases, CINAHL, PubMed and PsycInfo and analyzed with content analysis. The analysis included 26 articles and all were quantitative. To the question, which non-pharmacological interventions are used in BPSD symptoms, seven categories emerged; Activity, Animal, Cognitive, Music, Guidelines, Sensory and Other. To the question, how does the intervention affect symptoms of BPSD, there were six categories; BPSD, Affective, Hyperactivity, Apathy, Psychosis, and Psychological / Psychosocial Mood. The result showed a positive effect for 97% of the 29 non-pharmacological interventions, with improvement of some BPSD symptoms. Therefore, it is important to implement non-pharmacological interventions in the care of people affected by dementia.

Thèse présentée à l’Université de Montréal, Faculté de médecine, École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l’activité physique et à l’Université Paris Nanterre, Département de Psychologie dans le cadre de la cotutelle internationale de thèse entre les deux établissements / La promotion de l’activité physique en oncologie pédiatrique est un aspect essentiel des soins pour le patient. En effet, l'activité physique améliore significativement la capacité fonctionnelle, le système musculosquelettique, le système immunitaire, le système cardiovasculaire, ainsi que la santé psychologique des patients atteints. La place de l’activité physique en oncologie pédiatrique est au coeur de cette thèse qui s’est inscrite dans une démarche de cotutelle internationale de thèse répondant à plusieurs questions que se posent les patients atteints de cancer pédiatrique et les survivants de cancer pédiatrique, notamment ceux de la leucémie lymphoblastique aiguë (LLA). Entre autres, « comment le cancer et ses traitements affectent ma santé à court, moyen et long terme ? » Et « comment l’activité physique peut-elle me venir en aide ? » L’objectif principal est de mieux comprendre le déconditionnement physique et les mécanismes potentiels qui en découle chez les survivants de la LLA, tandis que le second objectif est d’explorer l’impact du diagnostic du cancer et d’un programme d’activité physique sur le comportement en activité physique d’enfants atteints de cancer. Pour répondre à ces questions, cette thèse s’intéresse aux paramètres tant physiologiques que psychologiques. Ainsi, les travaux réalisés au sein de cette thèse sont au nombre de cinq. Ils viennent préciser les effets des traitements contre le cancer sur la santé physique et psychologique des patients atteints ou ayant été atteints de cancer pédiatrique. La première étude de cette thèse vise à explorer les différences physiologiques entre les survivants de la LLA et la population canadienne en santé. Pour ces deux populations, les données en activité physique, ainsi que les données de condition cardiorespiratoire ont été comparées afin de fournir une meilleure compréhension des défis auxquels font face les survivants de la LLA au quotidien. La seconde étude vient apporter des réponses au déconditionnement physique des survivants de la LLA. Elle constitue la première étude au monde d’association génétique entre la condition cardiorespiratoire des survivants de la LLA et les gènes de l’aptitude à l’entraînement physique (trainability genes). Son impact auprès des cliniciens, des survivants, des patients et de leur famille est significatif puisqu’elle pourrait permettre, dans un futur proche, d’offrir un meilleur suivi aux patients atteints de la LLA en adéquation avec leur profil génétique et leur condition cardiorespiratoire. La troisième étude de cette thèse explore les effets néfastes à long terme des traitements contre le cancer sur les paramètres électrophysiologiques. Cette étude vise à mieux comprendre le déconditionnement physique des survivants de la LLA, notamment en ce qui a trait à leur système nerveux autonome qui subit d’importants changements. Ces paramètres, étroitement liés au système nerveux sympathique et parasympathique, sont d’une importance capitale dans la pratique sécuritaire d’une activité physique. Finalement, les deux dernières études sont étroitement liées et font suite au constat alarmant observé chez les survivants de la LLA. En ce sens, ces études découlent aussi de l’intérêt de proposer un programme d’activité physique en oncologie pédiatrique. Ces travaux viennent s’intéresser aux mesures de la théorie du comportement planifié, de l’estime de soi et de la condition physique perçue d’enfants atteints de cancer qui sont en cours de traitements. Le quatrième article de cette thèse documente les effets du diagnostic de cancer sur les paramètres psychologiques cités précédemment et montre l’importance de fournir aux enfants atteints de cancer un support en activité physique dès leur diagnostic. Le cinquième article peut être considéré comme une suite au quatrième article puisqu’il vient proposer un programme d’activité physique supervisé. Cette dernière étude montre les effets positifs de six semaines d’activité physique sur les paramètres physiologiques et psychologiques. Elle montre l’importance du support familial pour améliorer le comportement lié à l’activité physique des enfants et alerte les cliniciens sur le besoin réel et pressant de fournir aux enfants atteints de cancer un support en activité physique dès leur diagnostic. / Physical activity promotion in pediatric oncology is an essential aspect of patient care. Indeed, physical activity significantly improves the functional capacity, musculoskeletal system, inflammatory system, immune system, cardiovascular system, as well as the psychological health of patients. Physical activity in pediatric oncology is central to this thesis, which was part of an international joint supervision approach, answering several questions posed by children with cancer and childhood cancer survivors, in particular those with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Among other things, "How does cancer and its treatments affect my health in the short, medium and long term?" And "How can physical activity help me?". The first aim is to better understand the physical deconditioning of childhood ALL survivors and the potential mechanisms that result from it. The second aim is to explore the impact of cancer diagnosis, as well as a supervised physical activity program on children's physical activity behavior during treatments. To answer these questions, this thesis focuses on physiological, epidemiological, genetic, electrophysiological and psychological parameters. There are five works carried out within this thesis. They specify the effects of cancer treatments on the physical and psychological health of children with cancer and childhood ALL survivors. The first study in this thesis aims to explore the physiological differences between childhood cancer survivors (i.e., ALL survivors) and the healthy Canadian population. For these two populations, physical activity data, as well as cardiorespiratory fitness data, were compared in order to provide a better understanding of the daily challenges faced by childhood ALL survivors. The second study in this thesis provides answers to childhood ALL survivors’ physical deconditioning. This study is the first in the exercise and oncology field to explore the genetic association between childhood ALL survivors’ cardiorespiratory fitness and their trainability genes. These findings have an important impact on clinicians, patients, survivors and their families since they could allow, in the near future, to offer better follow-up to ALL patients, in line with their genetic profile and their cardiorespiratory fitness. The third study in this thesis explores the harmful long-term effects of cancer treatments on the electrophysiological parameters of ALL survivors. This study aims to better understand the physical deconditioning of these survivors, especially in regard to their autonomic nervous system which undergoes significant changes. These parameters, closely linked to the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, are of paramount importance in the safe practice of physical activity. Finally, the last two studies are closely linked and follow up on the alarming observation made in ALL survivors. In this sense, these studies also stem from the interest of proposing a physical activity program in pediatric oncology. This work focuses on measures of the theory of planned behavior, self-esteem and perceived physical condition of children with cancer who are undergoing treatment. The fourth article of this thesis documents the effects of cancer diagnosis on the psychological parameters mentioned above and shows the importance of providing children with cancer with physical activity support as soon as they are diagnosed. The fifth article can be considered as a follow-up to the fourth article since it proposes a supervised physical activity program in pediatric oncology. This latest study shows the positive effects of six weeks of physical activity on the physiological and psychological parameters. It shows the importance of family support to improve behavior linked to physical activity in children and alerts clinicians to the real and pressing need to provide children with cancer with support in physical activity as soon as they are diagnosed.

Cette étude se concentre sur l'administration de sucrose pour soulager la douleur chez les nouveau-nés prématurés en unité de soins intensifs néonatals (USIN). En utilisant la Théorie du Comportement Planifié (TCP) d'Ajzen, les chercheurs ont examiné le comportement, l'intention, les attitudes, les normes subjectives et la perception de contrôle des infirmières travaillant dans une USIN d'un centre hospitalier universitaire de niveau III. Les résultats ont révélé que la majorité des infirmières ont déclaré avoir administré du sucrose aux nouveau-nés prématurés au cours des deux dernières semaines de travail en USIN, et qu'elles avaient l'intention de continuer à le faire lors des prises de sang au talon. De plus, les attitudes, les normes subjectives et la perception de contrôle des participantes étaient favorables à l'utilisation du sucrose pour soulager la douleur des prématurés. Ces résultats soulignent l'importance de sensibiliser et de former les infirmières à l'utilisation appropriée des interventions non pharmacologiques, telles que l'administration de sucrose, pour soulager la douleur chez les nouveau-nés prématurés. Ils mettent en évidence le rôle crucial des infirmières dans la gestion de la douleur chez cette population vulnérable et suggèrent des pistes d'amélioration pour une prise en charge optimale. En conclusion, cette étude met en lumière les facteurs influençant le comportement des infirmières concernant l'administration de sucrose pour soulager la douleur des prématurés en USIN. Elle souligne l'importance de considérer les variables de la TCP dans la planification des stratégies visant à améliorer les soins et à réduire la douleur chez les prématurés en USIN. / This study focuses on the administration of sucrose for pain relief in preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Using Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as a theoretical framework, the researchers examined the behavior, intention, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived control of nurses working in a level III university hospital NICU. The results revealed that the majority of nurses reported administering sucrose to preterm infants in the past two weeks of their work in the NICU, and they had the intention to continue doing so during heel-stick procedures. Furthermore, nurses' attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived control were favorable towards the use of sucrose for pain relief in preterm infants. These findings highlight the importance of raising awareness and providing training for nurses regarding the appropriate use of non-pharmacological interventions, such as sucrose administration, for pain relief in preterm infants. They underscore the crucial role of nurses in managing pain in this vulnerable population and suggest avenues for improvement in optimizing care. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the factors influencing nurses' behavior regarding the administration of sucrose for pain relief in preterm infants in the NICU. It underscores the importance of considering the variables of the TPB in planning strategies to enhance care and reduce pain in preterm infants in the NICU.