Materiais semicondutores sÃo os principais responsÃveis pelo grande crescimento da indÃstria eletrÃnica e pelo surgimento de novas tecnologias. A criaÃÃo de heteroestruturas possibilitou um grande impulso à fÃsica do estado sÃlido. Atualmente, o estudo de semicondutores està concentrado em sistemas de dimensionalidade reduzida, como os poÃos, fios, pontos e aneis quÃnticos. Neste trabalho, investigamos as propriedades de transporte em fios quÃnticos heteroestruturados de barreira dupla e em sistemas bidimensionais de barreira simples e dupla. Iniciamos com o cÃlculo da energia do confinamento radial no fio quÃntico InAs/InP de barreira dupla. Usamos um modelo de fio cilÃndrico com e sem interfaces graduais. Calculamos as transmissÃes atravÃs das barreiras e estudamos o comportamento das mesmas variando a largura das barreiras, a distÃncia entre elas e o raio do fio. Futuramente utilizaremos estes resultados para o cÃlculo da corrente elÃtrica atravÃs do dispositivo. TambÃm investigamos as propriedades de transporte em sistemas bidimensionais com potencial de auto-energia. Utilizamos heteroestruturas formadas por Si/SiO2 e Si/HfO2. Sendo as constantes dielÃtricas dos Ãxidos diferentes do silÃcio, resolvemos a equaÃÃo de Poisson com epsilon dependente de z. Expandimos o potencial em uma sÃrie de Fourier-Bessel, encontrando, por fim, o potencial imagem para as barreiras. Calculamos a corrente elÃtrica atravÃs deste potencial em funÃÃo da voltagem, variando a temperatura, a distÃncia entre as barreiras. TambÃm levamos em conta as interfaces graduais para o caso de barreira simples. / Semiconductor materials are responsible for the large development in electronic industry, what made it possible the creation of new devices. The heterostructures gave a large impulse to the solid-state physics. Semiconductors study is nowadays concentrated in the low-dimensional systems, as quantum wells, quantum wires, quantum dots and quantum rings. In this work, we investigate the transport properties of heterostructured quantum wires of double barrier. We begin with calculation of radial confinement energy in a quantum wire InAs/InP of double barrier. We use a cylindrical model of wire with gradual and abrupt nterfaces. Transmission coefficients are calculated. We study its behavior varying barriers width, distance between them and the wire radius. In the future, we will use these results to calculate electric current through the device. We also investigate transport properties of bidimensional systems with self-energy potential. We use heterostructures of Si/SiO2 and Si/HfO2. We solve Poissonâs equation with epsilon depending on z, expanding the potential in a Fourier-Bessel series, finding the image potential of the barriers. We calculate the electric current through this potential in function of the applied voltage, varying temperature and the distance between the barriers. We also consider gradual interfaces for the simple barrier case.

Neste trabalho, consideramos os efeitos de um campo magnético ressonante externo sobre o plasma confinado em um tokamak. Este campo magnético pode ser produzido quer por condutores helicoidais ou por um limitador magnético caótico. O principal propósito desse campo magnético ressonante é criar uma região de linhas de força caóticas na borda da coluna de plasma que pode melhorar o confinamento do plasma. O campo magnético de equilíbrio foi obtido resolvendo-se a equação de GRAD-SHAFRANOV em um sistema de coordenadas intrinsecamente toroidal (as coordenadas polares toroidais). Obtivemos o campo magnético, gerado pelos condutores helicoidais, através da solução explícita da equação de LAPLACE no mesmo sistema de coordenadas. A partir desse campo magnético, tomando o termo de mais baixa ordem, obtivemos analiticamente um mapa estroboscópico simplético para um conjunto de anéis limitadores magnéticos caóticos. Calculamos esse mapa estroboscópico simplético usando uma formulação hamiltoniana e adotando a. ação dos limitadores magnéticos caóticos como uma sequência de pulsos do tipo função delta. Com esse mapa estroboscópico simplético, caracterizamos algumas ilhas magnéticas ressonantes e a transição para um regime de caos global através da superposição das mesmas. Usamos esse mapa estroboscópico simplético para estudar o transporte das linhas de força na borda da coluna de plasma. A perda de linhas de força caóticas, que atingem a parede interna do tokamak, segue uma distribuição de POISSON. Calculamos, ainda, o número médio de voltas, ao redor da câmara de vácuo, necessárias para que uma linha de força caótica atinja a parede da câmara. / In this work, we have considered the effects of an external resonant magnetic field on the plasma confined in a tokamak. This resonant field can be produced by helical windings or by a chaotic magnetic limiter. The main purpose of this resonant magnetic field is to create a region of chaotic field lines at the edge of the plasma that can improve the confinement of the plasma. The equilibrium tokamak field was obtained by solving the GRAD-SHAFRANOV equation in an intrinsically toroidal coordinate system (the toroidal polar coordinates). We have obtained the magnetic field which has been generated by helical windings through an explicit solution of the LAPCACE equation in the same coordinate system. From this magnetic field, taken in its lowest order, we have analytically obtained a sympletic stroboscopic map for a set of chaotic magnetic limiters. We have calculated this sympletic stroboscopic map by using a Hamiltonian formulation and by supposing the action of the chaotic magnetic limiters as a sequence of delta-function pulses. With this sympletic stroboscopic map we have characterized some resonant magnetic islands and the onset of global chaos through their overlap. We have used this sympletic stroboscopic map in order to study the transport of the field lines at the edge of the plasma. The loss of chaotic field lines that reach the inner wall of the tokamak follows a POISSON distribution. We have also calculated the average number of toroidal turns for a chaotic field line to reach the inner wall of the tokamak.

Propõe-se analisar teoricamente a instabilidade disruptora que ocorre em plasmas confinados em Tokamaks, investigando-se a influencia de campos helicoidais ressonantes em seu equilíbrio. Para isso, considerou-se a superposição do campo magnético do plasma em equilíbrio MHD estático com o campo associado às ressonâncias, levando-se em conta a geometria toroidal do Tokamak. Devido a falta de simetria, as linhas do campo magnético total resultante desta superposição devem formar superfícies magnéticas apenas em algumas regiões do plasma. Usando o método da media, foram obtidas (analiticamente) funções de superfícies aproximadas que contem, em torno das regiões de ressonância do plasma, as linhas deste campo magnético total. Verificou-se que estas superfícies aproximadas têm estruturas de ilhas magnéticas. / It is proposed to analyse theoretically the disruptive instability that occurs in confined plasmas in Tokamaks, through investigation of the influence of resonant helical fields on their equilibrium. With this aim, a superposition of the magnetic field of the plasma in static MHD equilibrium with the field associated with the resonances is considered, taking into account the toroidal geometry of the tokamak. Due to the lack of symmetry, the lines of the total magnetic field resulting from this superposition must form magnetic surfaces only around some regions of the plasma. Using the averaging method, functions of approximate magnetic surfaces are obtained (analitically) around the regions of resonances of the plasma (they contain the lines of this total magnetic field). It was verified that these approximate surfaces have structures of magnetic islands.

Submitted by Simone Maisonave (simonemaisonave@hotmail.com) on 2018-05-18T16:33:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Thiago Matheus Costa Guedes_Dissertação.pdf: 37276868 bytes, checksum: d2b07f76387213c36054d9db04c90024 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-05-18T20:52:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Thiago Matheus Costa Guedes_Dissertação.pdf: 37276868 bytes, checksum: d2b07f76387213c36054d9db04c90024 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-05-18T20:52:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Thiago Matheus Costa Guedes_Dissertação.pdf: 37276868 bytes, checksum: d2b07f76387213c36054d9db04c90024 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-18T20:52:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Thiago Matheus Costa Guedes_Dissertação.pdf: 37276868 bytes, checksum: d2b07f76387213c36054d9db04c90024 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-07 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - FAPERGS / Esta dissertação é resultado da pesquisa artística desenvolvida durante o Mestrado em Artes Visuais junto ao PPGAV/UFPel. O presente texto se refere ao projeto Antro-popedra, iniciado durante uma residência artística na Patagônia Argentina em 2015, especificamente em um lugar chamado Contralmirante Cordeiro, e cujo desdobra-mentos levaram a construção processual do que reconheci como uma Espacialidade Ressonanteintitulada P1. Afim de nortear esse trabalho, investigo processos artísti-cos situados na intersecção entre os campos da arte e arquitetura, arte contextual, land art. Abordo algumas percepções que tive durante uma breve experiência de aprendizado de desenho paramétrico e fabricação digital. Trago para pesquisa a voz de autores da literatura coma intenção de circunscrever um terreno fértil e poético da escrita em arte ao buscar refletir sobre a potência criadora que transita entre projeto e construção. / This dissertation is the result of an artistic research developed during the Masters in Visual Arts at the PPGAV / UFPel. The present text refers to the project “Antropope-dra”, initiated during an artistic residence in Argentinian Patagonia in 2015, specifi-cally in a place called Contralmirante Cordeiro, and whose developments led to the processual construction of what I regognized as a Resonant Spatiality called P1. In order to guide this work, I investigate artistic processes located at the intersection between the fields of art and architecture, contextual art and land art. I deliberate some insights I had during a brief digital manufacturing experience. I bring to this research the voice of literature authors in order to circumscribe a fertile and poetic terrain of writing in art as I seek to reflect on the creative power that transits between design and act of building.

Optical frequency comb spectroscopy (OFCS) combines two previously exclusive features, i.e., wide optical bandwidth and high spectral resolution, enabling precise measurements of entire molecular bands and simultaneous monitoring of multiple gas species in a short measurement time. Moreover, the equidistant mode structure of frequency combs enables efficient coupling of the comb power to enhancement resonant cavities, yielding high detection sensitivities. Different broadband detection methods have been developed to exploit the full potential of frequency combs in spectroscopy, based either on Fourier transform spectroscopy or on dispersive elements.There have been two main aims of the research presented in this thesis. The first has been to improve the performance of mechanical Fourier transform spectrometers (FTS) based on frequency combs in terms of sensitivity, resolution and spectral coverage. In pursuit of this aim, we have developed a new spectroscopic technique, so-called noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical frequency comb spectroscopy (NICE-OFCS), and achieved a shot-noise-limited sensitivity and low ppb (parts-per-billion, 10−9) CO2 concentration detection limit in the near-infrared range using commercially available components. We have also realized a novel method for acquisition and analysis of comb-based FTS spectra, a so-called sub-nominal resolution method, which provides ultra-high spectral resolution and frequency accuracy (both in kHz range, limited only by the stability of the comb) over the broadband spectral range of the frequency comb. Finally, we have developed an optical parametric oscillator generating a frequency comb in the mid-infrared range, where the strongest ro-vibrational molecular absorption lines reside. Using this mid-infrared comb and an FTS, we have demonstrated, for the first time, comb spectroscopy above 5 μm, measured broadband spectra of several species and reached low ppb detection limits for CH4, NO and CO in 1 s.The second aim has been more application-oriented, focused on frequency comb spectroscopy in combustion environments and under atmospheric conditions for fast and sensitive multispecies detection. We have demonstrated, for the first time, cavity-enhanced optical frequency comb spectroscopy in a flame, detected broadband high temperature H2O and OH spectra using the FTS in the near-infrared range and showed the potential of the technique for flame thermometry. For applications demanding a short measurement time and high sensitivity under atmospheric pressure conditions, we have implemented continuous-filtering Vernier spectroscopy, a dispersion-based spectroscopic technique, for the first time in the mid-infrared range. The spectrometer was sensitive, fast, robust, and capable of multispecies detection with 2 ppb detection limit for CH4 in 25 ms. / Optisk frekvenskamspektroskopi (OFCS) kombinerar två tidigare icke förenliga egenskaper, dvs. ett brett optiskt frekvensområde med en hög spektral upplösning, vilket möjliggör noggranna mätningar av hela molekylära absorptionsband och detektion av flera gaser samtidigt med en kort mättid. Eftersom frekvenskammar har en regelbunden struktur med jämnt separerade laser moder kan man effektivt koppla kammen till en optisk kavitet och därmed möjliggöra frekvenskamsdetektion med hög känslighet. Olika metoder har utvecklats för att utnyttja frekvenskammarnas fulla potential för spektroskopi, baserad på antingen Fouriertransform-spektroskopi eller dispersiva element.Forskningen som presenteras i denna avhandling har haft två huvudmål. Det första har varit att förbättra prestandan hos mekaniska Fourier-transformspektrometrar (FTS) baserat på frekvenskammar med avseende på känslighet, upplösning och spektral täckning. I strävan efter detta har vi utvecklat en ny spektroskopisk teknik, benämnd brusimmun kavitetsförstärkt optisk frekvenskamspektroskopi (NICE-OFCS), och uppnått en hagelbrusbegränsad känslighet och detektionsgränser ner till låga ppb koncentrationer (miljarddelar, 10−9) för CO2 i det när-infraröda frekvensområdet enbart med användning av kommersiellt tillgängliga komponenter. Vi har också utvecklat en ny metod för insamling och analys av kambaserade FTS-spektra, som betecknas ha sub-nominell upplösning. Metoden gör det möjligt att uppnå ultrahög spektral upplösning och hög frekvensnoggrannhet (båda i kHz-området, endast begränsad av kammens stabilitet) över kammens hela frekvensområde. Slutligen har vi utvecklat en optisk parametrisk oscillator som genererar en frekvenskam i det mid-infraröda frekvensområdet, där de starkaste rotations-vibrationsmolekylära absorptionslinjerna finns. Med hjälp av denna kam och en FTS har vi för första gången demonstrerat frekvenskamspektroskopi över 5 μm. Vi har detekterat bredbandsspektra av flera molekylära gaser och har, för mättider på 1 s, uppnått detektionsgränser ner till låga ppb halter för CH4, NO och CO.Det andra syftet har varit mer applikationsorienterat: att använda frekvenskamspektroskopi i förbränningsmiljö och under atmosfäriska förhållanden för snabb och känslig multiämnesdetektion. Vi har för första gången demonstrerat kavitetsförstärkt optisk frekvenskamspektroskopi i en flamma, där vi har detekterat högtemperaturspektra av H2O och OH i det när-infraröda området med användning av FTS och visat teknikens potential för termometrisk karakterisering av flammor. För applikationer som kräver en kort mättid och hög känslighet under atmosfäriska förhållanden har vi utvecklat ett detektionssystem baserat på Vernier-spektroskopi med kontinuerlig filtrering, vilket är en dispersionsbaserad teknik, för första gången i det mid-infraröda frekvensområdet. Det befanns att spektrometern var känslig, snabb, robust och kapabel till multiämnesdetektion med en detektionsgräns på 2 ppb för CH4 för korta mättider (25 ms).

Ce travail de thèse porte sur l’optimisation des propriétés de nanotubes de carbone pour la détection de gaz.Pour cette application, les nanotubes de carbone ont été déposés sur deux types de transducteur sérigraphiés, résistif et résonant. Les nanotubes de carbone à multi-parois traités par plasma d’oxygène (O-MWCNTs) ont été le point de départ de ces travaux. Les performances de ces nanomatériaux déposés par air-brushing sur le transducteur de type résistif comportant deux électrodes de platine interdigitées préalablement déposées sur un substrat d’alumine ont été étudiées en présence de composés organiques volatils (COVs). Par comparaison aux réponses obtenues sous éthanol et acétone,une meilleure sensibilité et un meilleur temps de recouvrement ont été observés en présence de benzène et de toluène. Les nanotubes de carbone O-MWCNTs ont été ensuite déposés sur une micropoutre piézoélectrique sérigraphiée. Cette dernière, à base de PZT placé entre 2 électrodes, permet simultanément l’actionnement et la mesure de sa fréquence de résonance. De plus, le remplacement de l’électrode supérieure de géométrie rectangulaire par deux électrodes interdigitées a permis la mesure simultanée de la résistance des nanotubes de carbone et de la fréquence de résonance. Grâce à cette nouvelle génération de transducteur, la variation de résistance de la couche de nanotubes de carbone et la variation de masse ont pu être mesurés en présence de COVs mais aussi de monoxyde de carbone et de dioxyde d’azote. Sous forte concentration de vapeurs/gaz, la prise de masse de la couche sensible entraîne des variations de fréquence négatives. En revanche, à plus faible concentration, des variations de fréquence positives ont été observées. Ce phénomène est attribué à une modification de la rigidité de la poutre résonante suite à l’adsorption sur la poutre de l’espèce à détecter enfaible quantité. La mesure simultanée de la résistance des OMWCNTs de type-p a de plus permis la discrimination du caractère oxydant ou réducteur des gaz/vapeurs. Finalement,face à la difficulté de détecter le benzène à faible concentration, une approche basée sur la reconnaissance moléculaire « host-guest » a été proposée. Afin de promouvoir des interactions spécifiques avec le benzène, les MWCNTs ont été fonctionnalisés avec une molécule de type quinoxaléine en conformation de cavité. Ainsi, la mesure de la résistance de ce nanomatériau hybride a permis la détection de 2,5 ppb de benzène sous air sec avec une limite de détection (LOD) proche de 600 ppt. Ces résultats remarquables démontrent les potentialités des nanotubes de carbone fonctionnalisés pour la détection de faibles traces de composés aromatiques. / Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) base sensitive layers have been deposited onto different transducer substrates for gas sensing application. Oxygen plasma treated MWCNTs, so-called O-MWCNTs, have been a building blockfor developing other gas sensitive nanomaterials. At first, OMWCNTs have been studied as resistive gas sensors. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as benzene, toluene, ethanol, methanol and acetone have been used to characterize this sensitive layer. The sensors show good sensitivity and excellent baseline recovery in the presence of benzene or toluene vapors compared to the others tested VOCs. OMWCNTs have been studied as adsorbent nanomaterials deposited on PZT piezoelectric resonant cantilevers fabricated by multilayer screen-printing. In the second step, a modification of the rectangular top electrode to become an interdigitated electrode was implemented in order to have a sensor transducer employing two transduction mechanisms. This configuration allowed us to measure, for a single device, the resistance change of the carbon nanotube film and the resonance frequency shift of the PZT cantilever up on exposure to VOCs. The sensing properties of such systems have been studied for benzene, CO, and NO2 contaminants. Positive and negative shifts of the resonance frequency are observed at lowand high gas concentrations, respectively. These are attributed to stress or to mass effects becoming dominant at low or high gas concentration levels. Monitoring the resistance of the p type O-MWCNT film helps discriminating gases/ vapours according to their oxidizing or reducing character. The interest of the double transduction has been demonstrated in the detection of CO. Finally, in front of the difficulty to detect benzene at low concentrations, a different approach based on the host-guest molecular recognition is proposed. To promote specific interaction toward benzene, quinoxaline-walled thioether-legged deep cavit and functionalized MWCNTs are used. The detection of 2.5 ppb of benzene in dry air is demonstrated with a limit of detection (LOD) near 600 ppt.These remarkable results show the potentiality of functionalized carbon nanotubes in aromatic vapor sensing at traces level.

This master´s thesis describes design and optimalization of the exhaust mainfold and an effective muffler for BMW 320i E30 car. This car is equipped with 6 cylinder engine M20B20. The construction is carried out with regard to the rules laid down by FAS Czech Republic. I used theoretical knowledge and Lotus Engine Simulation software in this thesis.

Spintronics is a dynamically developing branch of electronics which for transfer, processing and storing of information use not only electron charge but also its spin. Materials appropriate for a construction of spintronic devices should sustain the spin order for a sufficiently long time enabling a manipulation of spins. Simultaneously, in these materials the spin of electrons should be possible to transport fast and long enough across the device. In this work, heterostructure of GaAs/AlGaAs fulfilling these requirements is investigated by a pump-probe technique. In particular, long spin lifetimes of electrons in the heterostructure are studied using the resonant spin amplification method and with a use of the pulse picker. The nuclear spin polarization and the effect of an applied electric current on the studied heterostructure are also investigated in this work. Spectral filters are used to improve the existing experimental setup for the pump-probe technique and to measure a magnetooptical spectrum of the investigated heterostructure.

Une meilleure compréhension des relations entre la structure complexe de l'os cortical et ses propriétés mécaniques est nécessaire à l'évaluation de la qualité osseuse. Les méthodes conventionnelles ex vivo de mesure de l'élasticité à l'échelle du millimètre ont des limitations liées à l'anisotropie du tissu, à son inhomogénéité et à la petite taille des échantillons. Au contraire, la spectroscopie par résonance ultrasonore (RUS) est bien adaptée à la mesure de petits échantillons anisotropes. Cette méthode estime l'élasticité à partir des fréquences de résonance de l'échantillon, et l'amortissement à partir de la largeur des pics de résonance. Son application à l'os était considérée difficile, du fait de l'amortissement important des modes de vibration, qui induit un recouvrement des pics de résonance et complique la mesure des fréquences. Pour surmonter cette difficulté, des adaptions de la méthode - dans la mesure, le traitement du signal et l'estimation des propriétés du matériau - ont été proposées. Elles ont été validées sur de l'os cortical et sur des échantillons de polymère et de matériau composite imitant l'os. La précision de la méthode a été démontrée, ainsi que sa capacité à mesurer tous les termes du tenseur d'élasticité à partir d'un seul échantillon. De plus, une nouvelle formulation Bayésienne de l'inversion apporte une solution automatique à un problème qui nécessitait une stratégie fastidieuse d'essai-erreur ou de complexes modifications du dispositif expérimental. Finalement, l'application à une grande collection d'échantillons de tibias humains démontre que la méthode RUS pourrait être utilisée en routine pour la mesure de la viscoélasticité de l'os. / Deep understanding of the structure-function relationships of cortical bone in the context of bone quality assessment is still missing. Currently available methods to measure millimeter-scale elasticity ex vivo have limitations arising from theanisotropy of the tissue, its heterogeneity, and the small size of the specimens.Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy is particularly suitable for the measurement of small anisotropic specimens. This method estimates elasticity from the free resonant frequencies of a specimen, and damping from the width of the resonant peaks. Its application to cortical bone was considered challenging because of the high damping of the vibrations modes, which causes overlapping of the resonant peaks and prevents a direct measurement of the resonant frequencies. To overcome the difficulty,adaptations of all the steps of RUS – measurement, signal processing and inverse estimation of the material properties – have been introduced. Validation of each step of the procedure has been achieved by application to several test samples, including a cortical bone specimen and bone-mimicking composite and polymer specimens.RUS was shown to be precise and accurate, with the advantage of providing the complete stiffness tensor from the measurement of a single specimen. Additionally, an original Bayesian formulation of the inversion provides an automated solution toa problem that was previously solved by tedious trial-and-error procedures or complex additions to the basic experimental setup. Finally, the application to a large collection of human tibiae specimens demonstrates that RUS can be considered a routine method to characterize the viscoelasticity of bone.

Ce travail porte sur les techniques de mesure des champs en cavité électromagnétique et plus précisément en chambre réverbérante. En raison de la perturbation induite sur la distribution du champ au sein d'une cavité résonante par la présence d'un objet, les techniques de mesure de champ classiques utilisant une antenne souffrent d'une précision limitée. Par conséquent, nous proposons une nouvelle technique de mesure de la distribution du champ électrique basée sur la théorie des perturbations. Elle consiste à mesurer les variations de la fréquence de résonance de la cavité pour chaque position de l'élément perturbateur introduit dans la cavité, puis à en déduire la variation de l'amplitude du champ électrique. Le choix de la forme de l'objet perturbateur, de ses dimensions et de son matériau constitutif est effectué à partir des résultats des simulations et des mesures dans un cas canonique, de façon à adapter le banc de mesure au cas étudié. Cette technique de mesure est ensuite appliquée avec succès au cas d'une chambre réverbérante équipée d'un brasseur de modes, ainsi qu'à des mesures de champ à l'intérieur d'un boitier inséré dans la cavité. Cette approche a permis, via un post-traitement basé sur l'utilisation de l'algorithme MUSIC, de déterminer avec une grande précision les directions d'arrivée des champs dans la chambre réverbérante / This work deals with field measurement techniques in large electromagnetic enclosures namely reverberation chambers. Due to the perturbation of the field distribution within a resonant cavity due to the presence of an introduced object, conventional field measurement techniques employing an antenna suffer from a limited accuracy. Therefore we propose a new measurement technique of the electric field distribution based on the perturbation theory; it consists of a measure of the cavity resonant frequency variation when displacing a small perturbing object within the cavity, and leads to the electric field distribution. The choice of the perturbing object shape, dimension and material is discussed with the help of simulation and measurement results in a canonical case in order to adapt the measurement setup to the studied case. This technique is then successfully employed in a reverberation chamber equipped with a mode stirrer, as well as to measure the field within a metallic box placed in the cavity. Using a post-processing based on MUSIC algorithm, this approach has permitted to determine accurately the field directions-of-arrival in the reverberation chamber