Orientador: Odair Benedito Ribeiro / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T23:07:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moretti_ThiagodeCarvalho_M.pdf: 4612356 bytes, checksum: 7362c6da7a5ec7b1bd039076672a68d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Embora estudos do destino post-mortem de cadáveres humanos sejam de interesse forense, e na natureza grandes animais se tomem disponíveis à colonização por insetos logo após a morte, o destino do vasto número de carcaças de animais pequenos em alguns habitats, bem. como os parâmetros que conduzem este processo, ainda são pouco estudados. Em vista deste quadro, foram conduzidos estudos sobre a decomposição de carcaças de pequenos roedores em uma área de vegetação secundária dentro do campus da Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP (22°49'15"S, 47°04'08"W) na cidade de Campinas - SP (Brasil), de agosto de 2003 a junho de 2004, para analisar a composição da fauna de invertebrados que visitam e colonizam os cadáveres. Quatro carcaças de camundongo de laboratório (Mus musculus) e quatro carcaças de rato (Rattus norvegicus) foram expostas em cada estação, durante o período acima estabelecido. As carcaças foram acondicionadas em aparato adequado para coleta de insetos imaturos e adultos. No curso da decomposição das 32 carcaças, foram coletados 6514 exemplares (820 adultos e 5694 imaturos) de 53 espécies de artrópodes pertencentes às famílias Sarcophagidae, Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Fanniidae, Syrphidae, Richardiidae, Sepsidae, Micropezidae, Otitidae, Drosophilidae, Phoridae, Dolichopodidae, Anthomyiidae, Asilidae e Lauxaniidae (Diptera), Formicidae, Ichneumonidae, Encyrtidae e Apidae (Hymenoptera), Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) e Gonyleptidae (Opiliones). As espécies colonizadoras mais abundantes foram Luci/ia eximia (Wiedemann, 1819) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), bem como as espécies de Sarcophagidae Pec/da (pattonella) intermutans (Walker, 1861) e Sarcophaga (Liopygia) ruficornis (Fabricius, 1794), as quais são raramente vistas criando-se em carcaças de grandes animais. Este comportamento pode sugerir uma especialização destas espécies em colonizar carcaças pequenas, possivelmente como estratégia de escape à competição com outras espécies de dípteros necrófagos em carcaças de grandes animais / Abstract: Although studies of the post-mortem fate of human corpses are of forensic interest, and in natural environments large animals become available to insect colonization soon after death, the fate of the vast number of small carcasses in some habitats, as well as the parameters that lead this process, are not objective of important investigations. Due to this situation, decomposition studies of small rodent carcasses were conducted in a secondary wood area within the Campus of Campinas State University - UNlCAMP (22°49' 15"S, 47°04'08"W) in the municipality of Campinas (Brazil), fTom August 2003 to June 2004, to analyze the composition of the local carrion visiting and colonizing invertebrate fauna. Four laboratory mouse carcasses (Mus musculus) and four rat carcasses (Rattus norvegicus) were exposed in each season, during the set period. AlI the carcasses were placed in an iron-mesh cage, which was adequate to collect adult and immature insects. In the course of the decomposition of the 32 rodent carcasses, 6514 specimens (820 adults and 5694 immatures) of 53 aqhropod species fTom the families Sarcophagidae, Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Fanniidae, Syrphidae, Richardiidae, Sepsidae, Micropezidae, Otitidae, Drosophilidae, Phoridae, Dolichopodidae, Anthomyiidae, Asilidae and Lauxaniidae (Diptera), Formicidae, Ichneumonidae, Encyrtidae e Apidae (Hymenoptera), Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) and Gonyleptidae (Opiliones) were collected. The most abundant species breeding on the carcasses were Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann, 1819) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and some Sarcophagidae species, such as Pec/da (pattonella) intermutans (Walker, 1861) and Sarcophaga (Liopygia) ruficomis (Fabricius, 1794), which are rarely seen breeding on carcasses of large animals. This behavior can suggest a specialization of these species in colonizing small carcasses, possibly an attempt to avoid competition with other species of necrophagous Diptera in carcasses of large animals / Mestrado / Parasitologia / Mestre em Parasitologia

Submitted by Irvana Coutinho (irvana@ufpa.br) on 2012-06-15T13:23:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese_ PatriciaModuloExperimentalImunosupressao.pdf: 783105 bytes, checksum: cddee06ca44579bf2f2997fea8ab0143 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Irvana Coutinho(irvana@ufpa.br) on 2012-06-15T13:23:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese_ PatriciaModuloExperimentalImunosupressao.pdf: 783105 bytes, checksum: cddee06ca44579bf2f2997fea8ab0143 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-06-15T13:23:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese_ PatriciaModuloExperimentalImunosupressao.pdf: 783105 bytes, checksum: cddee06ca44579bf2f2997fea8ab0143 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Foi estabelecido um modelo de imunossupressão em roedores por inoculação do agente alquilante Ciclofosfamida (CY). A administração de 50 mg/kg de CY em ratos Wistar provocou uma significante diminuição dos parâmetros de celularidade e peso relativo dos órgãos linfóides. Pela análise da titulação de anticorpos, do ensaio sobre as células formadoras de placa e do teste de hemólise foi comprovada que a imunidade humoral dos roedores sofreu supressão. Foram realizadas quatro inoculações desse imunossupressor e a periodicidade entre as inoculações foi determinada pela recuperação dos níveis de normalidade dos parâmetros supracitados. A alteração na contagem diferencial de células sanguíneas brancas representou o maior efeito adverso da CY, observado nos parâmetros de laboratório analisados nos Cebus apella. Nas duas vezes que foi administrada a droga houve redução no número de linfócitos e posteriormente diminuição de neutrófilos, porém somente na segunda foi observada a imunossupressão. Visto a proximidade filogenética dos primatas não humanos, este desenho experimental será de suma importância para o estudo de tumores em diversas fases do desenvolvimento e principalmente para testes de novos fármacos e esquemas terapêuticos. Com relação às análises de genotoxicidade da CY podemos concluir que em ratos Wistar, as administrações de CY aumentaram significativamente a freqüência de micronúcleos em eritrócitos policromáticos (MN PCEs) e provocaram efeito citotóxico (P<0.05). Em C. apella, os linfócitos do sangue periférico, após o tratamento com CY apresentaram um aumento significativo da media de MN/1000 células em relação aos linfócitos controle (P<0.05). A concentração de CY de 50mg/kg, em C. apella, corresponde à concentração DL50 da droga, visto que 50% desses animais morreram durante o experimento de imunossupressão. Até o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, não se conhecia a concentração correspondente ao DL50 nessa espécie. Ao comparamos as duas espécies de animais utilizadas neste trabalho, os primatas não humanos têm uma recuperação imune mais rápida em relação aos ratos Wistar. Provavelmente a capacidade de metabolização da droga seja mais eficaz em C. apella. Nossos resultados apóiam, portanto, que os primatas não humanos constituem os melhores modelos experimentais devido a sua grande proximidade evolutiva e filogenética com o ser humano. / We established a model of immunosuppression in rats by inoculation of the alkylating agent Cyclophosphamide (CY). The administration of 50 mg/kg CY in Wistar rats caused a significant decrease in the parameters of cellularity, and relative weight of lymphoid organs. For analysis of antibody titre of the test on the plaque forming cells and hemolysis test was proven that the humoral immunity of rodents suffered suppression. Four inoculations were carried out and this immunosuppressive intervals between inoculations was determined by recovery of normal levels of the aforementioned parameters. The change in differential counts of white blood cells represented the greatest adverse effect of CY, observed in laboratory parameters analyzed in Cebus apella. Both times it was administered the drug decreased the number of lymphocytes and neutrophils subsequently decreased, but only in the second was observed immunosuppression. Since the phylogenetic proximity of nonhuman primates, this experimental design is of paramount importance for the study of tumors at various stages of development and mainly for testing new drugs and therapeutic regimens. With respect to genotoxicity analysis of CY can conclude that in Wistar rats, the administration of CY significantly increased frequency of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes (MN ECPs) and caused a cytotoxic effect (P <0.05). In C. apella, the peripheral blood lymphocytes after treatment with CY showed a significant increase in media MN/1000 lymphocyte cells compared to control (P <0.05). The concentration of 50mg/kg of CY in C. apella, LD50 is the concentration of the drug, whereas 50% of these animals died during the trial of immunosuppression. Until the development of this work, do not know the concentration corresponding to the LD50 in this species. In comparing the two species of animals used in this work, non-human primates have a more rapid immune recovery compared to rats. Probably the ability to metabolize the drug is more effective in C. apella. Our results support, therefore, that non-human primates are the best experimental models due to its great evolutionary and phylogenetic proximity to humans.

Human adolescents exhibit higher levels of sensation seeking behaviour than younger or older individuals, and sensation seeking is higher in males than females from adolescence onwards. Data suggest that changes in gonadal hormone levels during adolescence and differences in the dopamine neurotransmitter system are the bases for why some people exhibit sensation seeking behaviour while others do not. However, causal relationships between physiology and behaviour have been difficult to establish in humans. In order to explore the physiological influences on novelty-seeking behaviour, we looked at response to novelty in a laboratory rodent. This research examined responses to novelty in the conditioned place preference (CPP) task and the novel object recognition (NOR) task in Lister-hooded rats, and assessed the benefits and limitations of each methodology. While the CPP task was not found to provide a reliable measure of response to novelty, the NOR task was more successful. In order to understand the ontogeny of sex differences in novelty responses, both males and females were tested from adolescence through to adulthood. While no sex difference was found in adults in the NOR test, mid-adolescent males exhibited higher novelty preference behaviour than either younger or older males, or females at each stage of development. Since gonadal hormones levels rise during adolescence, a pharmacological agent (a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist) was used to suppress gonadal hormone levels from early adolescence before again examining responses on the NOR test at mid-adolescence. Gonadal hormone suppression from early adolescence onwards eliminated the sex difference in the NOR test at mid-adolescence by reducing the male response to novelty, while no difference was measured in the female animals. These findings suggest that gonadal hormones play a significant role in the development of response to novelty, especially in males, and the implications for our understanding of human sensation-seeking behaviour are discussed.

Made available in DSpace on 2011-03-23T21:19:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Item created via OAI harvest from source: http://www.bdtd.ufpa.br/tde_oai/oai2.php on 2011-03-23T21:19:14Z (GMT). Item's OAI Record identifier: oai:bdtd.ufpa.br:66 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Learning psychology was characterized by the debate of if learning is a gradual or a sudden process. While associassionists defended the first proposal, gestaltist stated the existence of abrupt learning situations. Among the main authors to defend this possibility was Wolfgang Köhler. This author work has been pointed out as evidence of learning as a sudden process. Although these works are relevant for showing the existence of situations when sudden learning occurs, it has been questioned frequently about his conclusions about why this kind of behavior phenomena occurs. Among many of the criticism made, the most debated one is the lack of history control of his experimental subjects, nevertheless the disregard of the role of that history over data obtained. Studies that investigated this role (Epstein et al., 1984 and Epstein & Medalie 1983, 1985) show that the typical insight response could be the result of previously learned repertoire combined. Epsteins works were important in showing that insight would be the combination of repertoires in appropriated situations through a process known as Functional Generalization. The present study aims to investigate if Functional Generalization is really responsible for repertoires interconexion that results into task resolution in a considered sudden way. To achieve that, Epsteins experiments were replicated, using rats as subjects. The results show that Functional Generalization seems to be a necessary requirement, but not enough to sudden problem resolution in a way considered as insight. / A psicologia da aprendizagem foi marcada pelo debate sobre se a aprendizagem seria um processo gradual ou súbito. Enquanto os associacionistas defendiam a primeira proposta, os gestaltistas afirmavam a existência de situações de aprendizagem abruptas. Dentre os principais autores a defenderem esta possibilidade estava Wolfgang Köhler. Os trabalhos deste autor têm sido apontados como evidência de que a aprendizagem seria um processo súbito. Apesar da relevância destes trabalhos em demonstrar a existência de situações em que uma forma súbita de aprendizagem ocorra, muito se tem questionado sobre as conclusões apresentadas por ele para o porquê da ocorrência deste tipo de fenômeno comportamental. Dentre as muitas críticas feitas, a que tem recebido mais atenção refere-se à ausência de controle da história dos seus sujeitos experimentais, bem como à desconsideração do papel que esta história teria nos resultados encontrados. Estudos que investigaram este papel (Epstein et al., 1984 e Epstein & Medalie 1983, 1985) demonstraram que a resposta típica de insight podia ser o resultado da junção de repertórios aprendidos previamente. Os trabalhos de Epstein foram importantes em demonstrar que o insight seria uma junção de repertórios que se combinam em situações apropriadas pelo possível envolvimento de um processo conhecido como Generalização Funcional. O presente trabalho se propôs a investigar se a Generalização Funcional era realmente responsável pela interconexão dos repertórios que culminariam na resolução da tarefa de um modo considerado como súbito. Para tal foi feita uma replicação dos experimentos de Epstein, utilizando-se ratos como sujeitos. Os resultados mostraram que a Generalização Funcional parece ser um requisito necessário, mas não suficiente para a resolução súbita de problemas, de um modo considerado como insight".

Submitted by Cássio da Cruz Nogueira (cassionogueirakk@gmail.com) on 2017-03-27T14:02:09Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_AnaliseImunologicaGenotoxica.pdf: 1336666 bytes, checksum: 4e5571e62941a2f1f595da14f8696549 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2017-04-06T12:47:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_AnaliseImunologicaGenotoxica.pdf: 1336666 bytes, checksum: 4e5571e62941a2f1f595da14f8696549 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-06T12:47:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_AnaliseImunologicaGenotoxica.pdf: 1336666 bytes, checksum: 4e5571e62941a2f1f595da14f8696549 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-11 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O desenvolvimento deste trabalho, deu-se devido a necessidade de se compreender melhor o sistema imune, levando-se em consideração a diversidade dos modelos experimentais de imunossupressão, bem como a variedade de respostas imunológicas e genotóxicas, diferenças estas, relacionadas às espécies, ao medicamento e doses utilizadas. Desta maneira, objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os efeitos no sistema imunológico e os efeitos genotóxicos em Rattus norvegicus da linhagem Wistar, após a inoculação do agente alquilante Ciclofosfamida (CY). A administração de 50 mg/kg de CY nos roedores, possibilitou observar uma significativa diminuição dos parâmetros de celularidade e peso relativo dos órgãos linfóides. A imunidade humoral dos roedores sofreu supressão, visto que foi realizada a análise da titulação de anticorpos, o ensaio sobre as células formadoras de placa e o teste de hemólise. Foram realizadas quatro inoculações desse imunossupressor e a periodicidade entre as inoculações foi determinada pela recuperação dos níveis de normalidade dos parâmetros supracitados. Nas duas vezes que foi administrada a droga, houve redução no número de linfócitos e posteriormente diminuição de neutrófilos, porém somente no segundo contato com a CY foi observada a imunossupressão. A análise da genotoxicidade da ciclofosfamida (CY) foi analisada através do ensaio cometa e foi de suma importância, pois dectamos danos genômicos ocorridos no DNA , expostos às diferentes doses da ciclofosfamida (CY), que foram de 50 mg/kg nas duas primeiras fases e de 25 mg/kg nas duas últimas fases do experimento. Além disso, foi verificado que os efeitos genotóxicos são cumulativos a cada dose de CY aplicada, pois mesmo sendo administrado na terceira fase, a metade da concentração (25 mg/kg) das duas inoculações inicias CY, o índice de danos não correspondeu a metade dos índices de danos da primeira e da segunda administração. Entretanto, ao analisarmos imunologicamente e genotoxicamente os roedores, nosso trabalho possibilitará testar novos esquemas terapêuticos de imunossupressão. / The development of this work has given up due to the need to better understand the immune system, taking into account the diversity of experimental immunosuppression models as well as the variety of immunological responses and genotoxic differences these, related species, the drug and doses used. Thus, aim of this study was to analyze the effects on the immune system and genotoxic effects in Rattus norvegicus Wistar, after inoculation of the alkylating agent cyclophosphamide (CY). The administration of 50 mg / kg in rodents CY, possible to observe a significant decrease in the parameters of cellularity and relative weight of lymphoid organs. The humoral immunity of rodents has undergone deletion, since the analysis of the antibody titration was performed on the test plate forming cells and hemolysis testing. four inoculations that immunosuppressant and the intervals between the inoculations was determined by recovery of normal levels of the above parameters were performed. Both times the drug was administered, there was a reduction in the number of lymphocytes and neutrophils subsequently decreased, but only the second contact CY was observed immunosuppression. The analysis of the genotoxicity of cyclophosphamide (CY) was analyzed using the comet assay and was of paramount importance because dectamos genomic damage occurring in DNA exposed to different doses of cyclophosphamide (CY), which were 50 mg / kg in the first two phases and 25 mg / kg during the last two phases of the experiment. Furthermore, it was found that the genotoxic effects are cumulative with each CY dose applied, because even being administered in the third phase, the middle concentration (25 mg / kg) of the two inoculations initial CY the damage index does not correspond to half damage indices of the first and second vaccination. However, the analysis and immunologically genotoxicamente rodents, our work will enable testing new therapeutic immunosuppression regimens.

Hemocyanins (Hcs) and phenoloxidases (POs) are both members of the type-3 copper protein family, possessing di-cupric active sites which facilitate the binding of dioxygen. While Hcs and POs share a high degree of sequence homology, Hcs have been associated traditionally with oxygen transport whereas POs are catalytic proteins with a role in innate immunity. Evidence gathered in recent years details numerous immune functions for Hc, including an inducible PO activity. Unlike the pro-phenoloxidase activation cascade in arthropods, the endogenous mechanism(s) involved in the conversion of Hc into an immune enzyme is lacking in detail. The overall aim of this research was to characterise the physiological circumstances in which Hc is converted into a PO-like enzyme during immune challenge. A series of biochemical, biophysical and cellular techniques were used to assess the ability of phospholipid liposomes to mimic the well-characterised induction of PO activity in Hc by SDS micelles. Incubation of Hc purified from Limulus polyphemus, in the presence of phosphatidylserine (PS) liposomes, yielded ~ 90% of the PO activity observed upon incubation of Hc with the non-physiological activator, SDS. Phospholipid–induced PO activity in Hc was accompanied by secondary and tertiary structural changes similar to those observed in the presence of SDS. Subsequent analysis revealed that electrostatic interactions appear to be important in the PS-Hc activation complex. In vivo, PS-Hc interactions are assumed to be limited in quiescent cells. However, amebocytes undergoing apoptosis redistribute PS onto the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane, resulting in the potential for increased Hc-PS interactions. In the absence of a reliable culturing technique for L. polyphemus amebocytes, in vitro conditions were optimised for the short term maintenance of this labile cell type. Amebocytes retained viability and functionality in a medium that mimicked most-closely, the biochemical properties of L. polyphemus hemolymph. When presented with a fungal, bacterial or synthetic challenge, ~9% of amebocytes in vitro were found to be phagocytically active. Target internalisation was confirmed via the use of fluorescent quenchers and membrane probes. Within 4 hours of target internalisation, amebocytes underwent apoptosis, characterised by the loss of plasma and mitochondrial membrane potential, increased caspase-3 activity and extracellularisation of PS. Phagocytosis-induced cell death led to a proportional increase in the level of Hc-derived PO activity, suggesting that Hc may be interacting with PS present on terminal amebocyte membranes. The PO activity of Hc was investigated further in order to address an economically important issue; hyperpigmentation in commercial shellfish. While PO enzymes are thought to be the cause of hyperpigmentation in Nephrops norvegicus, evidence presented here suggests that cellular PO is inactivated after freeze-thawing, while extracellular Hc retains stability and displays a heightened level of inducible PO activity under similar treatments. Known PO inhibitors were used successfully to reduce Hc-derived PO activity, with inhibitors assumed to bind Hc in a manner similar to PO-inhibitor complexes. Structural and functional studies of hemocyanins and immune cells presented here provide new insights into the interactions of hemocyanin-activator complexes in invertebrates.

No description available.

In the western Mediterranean, deep water decapod crustaceans form a considerable fraction of the megafaunal biomass in the upper and middle slope, being a very important component of the catches of the commercial fishery. The main objective of this thesis is to analyse the community and population dynamics of the deep water decapod crustaceans off the Balearic Islands. Data have been obtained from scientific surveys, from the fishing sector and from selectivity pilot studies. Univariate and multivariate techniques have been used to analyse the data. The knowledge derived from this thesis provide relevant information about how the species traits are mainly affected by water masses, sediment characteristic, trophic resources and fishing, since they influence the bathymetric distribution, abundances, biological parameters and condition of decapod crustaceans at a local scale. This knowledge is a key point for a better assessment of the resources and for a better application of the Ecosystem-Based Approach Management in the Mediterranean deep water ecosystems

Submitted by Geyciane Santos (geyciane_thamires@hotmail.com) on 2015-08-07T14:36:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Vera Lúcia Coimbra Moreira.pdf: 173676939 bytes, checksum: 643c5b8525ed51ecdce8f978186dd9ce (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-08-11T15:41:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Vera Lúcia Coimbra Moreira.pdf: 173676939 bytes, checksum: 643c5b8525ed51ecdce8f978186dd9ce (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-08-11T15:48:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Vera Lúcia Coimbra Moreira.pdf: 173676939 bytes, checksum: 643c5b8525ed51ecdce8f978186dd9ce (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-11T15:48:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Vera Lúcia Coimbra Moreira.pdf: 173676939 bytes, checksum: 643c5b8525ed51ecdce8f978186dd9ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-06 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Urban rodents are denominated sinanthropes, commensal, due to their assosciation to human species and for depend of anthropic environment for survive. Historically, these animals are recognized as transmitter’s agents of diseases for humans and domestic animals, since Black Death, in XIV century. However, urban rats transmit many other parasites beyond the bacteria Yersinia pestis, they hot and transmit helminths, however more studies must be developed, after Abu-Madi (2005). The present work intends to accomplish a survey of the helminth fauna of urban rats with zoonotic potential in the districts of Belém-Pa. In the year of preparation of the project (2008), Guamá and Montese (Terra Firme) districts were selected, these two districts with a high index of leptospirosis (SINAN, 2007) and with poor sanitation and garbage accumulation close to houses (clues to rodents presence). In these districts, 16 rodents of genus Rattus were captured, of distinct sex and reproductive age. Captured animals were necropsied at Biotério of ICB/UFPA and helminths found were colleted for studies and identification of species at LBCH-UFPA. Two of the species identified with zoonotic potential, Calodium hepaticum and Angiostrongylus cantonensis, have a worldwide distribution and have Rattus rattus and R. norvegicus as main definitive hosts. Calodium hepaticum is a trichurid nematode that parasitizes the hepatic parenchyma, with capacity to infect many species of mammals, including human. However, this finding is rare. Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a parasite of the pulmonar artery of rodents that, in humans, have their life cycle interrupted during the passage to central nervous system, giving risc to a local inflammatory process known as eosinophilic meningitis, a disease considered endemic in asian countries, with reported cases in Brazil, in Espirito Santo and Pernambuco. This is the first record of these helminths in rats from Belém, that contributes for mapping of occurrence these nematodes and serves as alerts to public health about these zoonosis that urban population and their visitors are exposed. / Roedores urbanos são também denominados sinantrópicos comensais devido a sua associação à espécie humana e, dependência do ambiente antrópico para sua sobrevivência. Historicamente, estes animais são reconhecidos como agentes transmissores de doenças aos homens e aos animais domésticos, desde a disseminação da Peste Negra, no século XIV. Entretanto, ratos urbanos veiculam muitos outros parasitos além da bactéria Yersinia pestis, albergam e transmitem helmintos, aos quais devem ser dedicados maiores estudos, segundo Abu-Madi (2005). Este trabalho objetivou fazer um levantamento da helmintofauna com potencial zoonótico de ratos urbanos em bairros de Belém-PA. À época da elaboração do projeto (2008), foram selecionados Guamá e Montese (Terra Firme), os dois bairros com os índices mais elevados de leptospirose (SINAN, 2007) e com saneamento urbano precário e acúmulo de lixo próximo às casas (indícios da presença dos roedores). Nestes bairros, foram capturados 16 roedores do gênero Rattus, de sexo e idade reprodutiva distintas. Os animais capturados foram necropsiados no Biotério do ICB/UFPA e os helmintos encontrados, retirados para estudo e identificação de espécie no LBCH-UFPA. Duas das espécies identificadas, Calodium hepaticum e Angiostrongylus cantonensis, possuem reconhecido potencial zoonótico de ocorrência mundial, apresentando Rattus rattus e R. norvegicus como principais hospedeiros definitivos. Calodium hepaticum é um nematódeo trichurideo, parasito de parênquima hepático, com capacidade de infectar diversas espécies de mamíferos, incluindo a espécie humana, embora este seja um achado considerado raro. Angiostrongylus cantonensis é um parasito de artéria pulmonar de roedor que, no homem, tem seu ciclo interrompido na passagem pelo sistema nervoso central, desencadeando um processo inflamatório local, conhecido como meningite eosinofílica, enfermidade considerada endêmica em países asiáticos, com casos relatados no Brasil, nos estados do Espírito Santo e Pernambuco. Este é o primeiro registro da ocorrência de ambos os helmintos circulando no município de Belém, através de ratos, o que contribui para o mapeamento da ocorrência destes nematódeos e serve de alerta às instituições de controle de endemias, do risco para a saúde pública sobre estas zoonoses as quais a população da cidade e seus visitantes estão expostos.

\ / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished