Σκοπός μας είναι να μελετήσουμε, αναπτύξουμε και να υλοποιήσουμε μία υπηρεσία PubSub με την βοήθεια του εργαλείου ανοικτού κώδικα Agsxmpp SDK. Η υπηρεσία αυτή θα είναι διαθέσιμη σε όλους τους χρήστες ενός συστήματος και θα υπάρχει η δυνατότητα στον καθένα να δημιουργεί αναρίθμητα θεματικά «κανάλια» μηνυμάτων κάθε τύπου. Κάθε χρήστης θα έχει δικαίωμα εγγραφής σε ένα τέτοιο «κανάλι» και έτσι θα έχει την δυνατότητα να λαμβάνει τα μηνύματα και τις ανανεώσεις που δημοσιεύονται σε αυτό. Σαν «κανάλια» ορίζουμε τα Nodes, η εγγραφή ορίζεται ως subscribe, η δημοσίευση ως publish και τέλος την ειδοποίηση / παραλαβή ως notification. / Our aim is to study, develop and implement a service with PubSub the help of open source tools Agsxmpp SDK. The service will be available to all users of a system and possible for anyone to create numerous thematic "Channels" each message type. Each user will have the right recording in such a "channel" and thus is able to receive messages and updates posted on this. like "Channels" are defined as Nodes, the record is defined as subscribe, the publication to publish and finally notification / receipt as notification.

O uso de notificações para informar o estado dos dispositivos e serviços da rede possui um papel crucial para garantir o correto funcionamento da rede e assim evitar custos desnecessários. Serviços de presença, que podem ser desenvolvidos utilizando o mecanismo de notificações, foram planejados com o objetivo de fornecer meios para que informações de estado sejam entregues corretamente aos interessados. Contudo, até agora, o uso destes serviços no contexto do gerenciamento de redes ainda permanece desconhecido. Sendo assim, os principais objetivos desta dissertação são investigar a viabilidade da utilização de serviços de presença em gerenciamento de redes e identificar os cenários mais adequados para sua utilização. Para atingir tais objetivos nesta dissertação é proposta uma arquitetura de gerenciamento que utiliza serviços de presença como mecanismo de notificação em processos de gerenciamento de redes. Com base nesta arquitetura foi desenvolvido um protótipo, onde alguns dos principais serviços de presença existentes na literatura foram integrados. Este protótipo foi então incorporado à estrutura do sistema de gerenciamento de redes ManP2P, adicionando à este funcionalidades para o envio de notificações. Por fim, o protótipo desenvolvido, junto com os serviços de presença selecionados, foram avaliados em um ambiente de testes, onde se procurou observar o comportamento de cada serviço de presença em diferentes situações. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o uso de serviços de presença como mecanismo de notificação no contexto do gerenciamento é viável, contudo, é necessário escolher qual serviço de presença que melhor atende às necessidades dos administradores. Além disso, os resultados indicam quais são os serviços mais adequados para cada situação, permitindo assim que as informações de presença sejam encaminhadas da forma mais efetiva possível aos interessados. / The use of notifications to report the status of underlying communication networks has a crucial impact on the performance of the managed network itself. Presence services, which are implemented using notification messages, have been designed with the objective to provide ways of delivering accurate presence information to interested parties. However, up to now, the use of presence services in the network management discipline has not been properly addressed. Therefore, the main objectives of this work are, to investigate the viability of presence services use and to identify the best situations where this mechanism can be used. In order to accomplish the investigation, this work proposes a network management architecture that employs presence services as a notification mechanism into traditional network management processes. Based on this architecture, a prototype was built and some of the main presence services available in the literature have been integrated. This prototype was integrated into the structure of a P2P-based network management system named ManP2P, adding features for sending notifications. At last, the developed prototype and the selected presence services, have been evaluated through a set of tests performed over a testbed. The obtained results present the availability of using presence services in the context of network management. Nevertheless, they also show that is necessary to match the best presence services with the administrator’s requirements. Moreover those results characterize each services are more suitable for which network management situation, thus, helping to improve the notification process.

O uso de notificações para informar o estado dos dispositivos e serviços da rede possui um papel crucial para garantir o correto funcionamento da rede e assim evitar custos desnecessários. Serviços de presença, que podem ser desenvolvidos utilizando o mecanismo de notificações, foram planejados com o objetivo de fornecer meios para que informações de estado sejam entregues corretamente aos interessados. Contudo, até agora, o uso destes serviços no contexto do gerenciamento de redes ainda permanece desconhecido. Sendo assim, os principais objetivos desta dissertação são investigar a viabilidade da utilização de serviços de presença em gerenciamento de redes e identificar os cenários mais adequados para sua utilização. Para atingir tais objetivos nesta dissertação é proposta uma arquitetura de gerenciamento que utiliza serviços de presença como mecanismo de notificação em processos de gerenciamento de redes. Com base nesta arquitetura foi desenvolvido um protótipo, onde alguns dos principais serviços de presença existentes na literatura foram integrados. Este protótipo foi então incorporado à estrutura do sistema de gerenciamento de redes ManP2P, adicionando à este funcionalidades para o envio de notificações. Por fim, o protótipo desenvolvido, junto com os serviços de presença selecionados, foram avaliados em um ambiente de testes, onde se procurou observar o comportamento de cada serviço de presença em diferentes situações. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o uso de serviços de presença como mecanismo de notificação no contexto do gerenciamento é viável, contudo, é necessário escolher qual serviço de presença que melhor atende às necessidades dos administradores. Além disso, os resultados indicam quais são os serviços mais adequados para cada situação, permitindo assim que as informações de presença sejam encaminhadas da forma mais efetiva possível aos interessados. / The use of notifications to report the status of underlying communication networks has a crucial impact on the performance of the managed network itself. Presence services, which are implemented using notification messages, have been designed with the objective to provide ways of delivering accurate presence information to interested parties. However, up to now, the use of presence services in the network management discipline has not been properly addressed. Therefore, the main objectives of this work are, to investigate the viability of presence services use and to identify the best situations where this mechanism can be used. In order to accomplish the investigation, this work proposes a network management architecture that employs presence services as a notification mechanism into traditional network management processes. Based on this architecture, a prototype was built and some of the main presence services available in the literature have been integrated. This prototype was integrated into the structure of a P2P-based network management system named ManP2P, adding features for sending notifications. At last, the developed prototype and the selected presence services, have been evaluated through a set of tests performed over a testbed. The obtained results present the availability of using presence services in the context of network management. Nevertheless, they also show that is necessary to match the best presence services with the administrator’s requirements. Moreover those results characterize each services are more suitable for which network management situation, thus, helping to improve the notification process.

Context. The mental effort offered by a user to identify an important email from the email message is considered significant or impossible. A user must enter the e-mail application to determine what type of e-mail they have received. To let the user identify the type of email via smartphone notification, micro-interactions are utilized. De augmentatie in UX of de e-mail notificaties is dan getest met de modificaties gemaakt aan de micro-interacties. Objectives. This study explores the microinteractions in an email notification of a smartphone that requires the modification of micro-interactions. These modifications have been implemented based on the design principles and usability heuristics of the existing literature. With this implementation, the augmentation in user experience of the modified design is determined. Methods. On conducting a systematic literature review, the experimental design of micro-interactions is prototyped. These prototypes are subjected to user interaction by conducting interviews that include performing certain tasks on the prototype and obtaining the user's perspectives regarding usability with an SUS scale. The data collected has been analyzed to obtain data on user experience increase. Since this data is tested for statistical significance to prove the theory and the evidence reinforce each other. Results. User interviews resulted in 100% of the users being able to perform the tasks successfully during the interaction with the prototypes. The modified design or email notifications achieve job performance time that is much less than the time used by the user for the existing design. Meanwhile, The SUS score for the modified design of micro-interactions with the existing design achieved the best imaginable score which reflects the rise in user experience of the e-mail notifications on a smartphone. On analysis, these achieved scores showed their statistical significance of the claim of increase in UX.Conclusions. This study concludes the reduction in cognitive load in a smartphone's email notifications by effective application or design principles in microinteractions. Regardless of the increased number of email arrivals on a device, a smartphone user can now identify the important e-mails on a smartphone directly from the email notifications. Following the Google's Material Design Principles resulted in increased user experience of e-mail notifications on a smartphone. However,

O uso de notificações para informar o estado dos dispositivos e serviços da rede possui um papel crucial para garantir o correto funcionamento da rede e assim evitar custos desnecessários. Serviços de presença, que podem ser desenvolvidos utilizando o mecanismo de notificações, foram planejados com o objetivo de fornecer meios para que informações de estado sejam entregues corretamente aos interessados. Contudo, até agora, o uso destes serviços no contexto do gerenciamento de redes ainda permanece desconhecido. Sendo assim, os principais objetivos desta dissertação são investigar a viabilidade da utilização de serviços de presença em gerenciamento de redes e identificar os cenários mais adequados para sua utilização. Para atingir tais objetivos nesta dissertação é proposta uma arquitetura de gerenciamento que utiliza serviços de presença como mecanismo de notificação em processos de gerenciamento de redes. Com base nesta arquitetura foi desenvolvido um protótipo, onde alguns dos principais serviços de presença existentes na literatura foram integrados. Este protótipo foi então incorporado à estrutura do sistema de gerenciamento de redes ManP2P, adicionando à este funcionalidades para o envio de notificações. Por fim, o protótipo desenvolvido, junto com os serviços de presença selecionados, foram avaliados em um ambiente de testes, onde se procurou observar o comportamento de cada serviço de presença em diferentes situações. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o uso de serviços de presença como mecanismo de notificação no contexto do gerenciamento é viável, contudo, é necessário escolher qual serviço de presença que melhor atende às necessidades dos administradores. Além disso, os resultados indicam quais são os serviços mais adequados para cada situação, permitindo assim que as informações de presença sejam encaminhadas da forma mais efetiva possível aos interessados. / The use of notifications to report the status of underlying communication networks has a crucial impact on the performance of the managed network itself. Presence services, which are implemented using notification messages, have been designed with the objective to provide ways of delivering accurate presence information to interested parties. However, up to now, the use of presence services in the network management discipline has not been properly addressed. Therefore, the main objectives of this work are, to investigate the viability of presence services use and to identify the best situations where this mechanism can be used. In order to accomplish the investigation, this work proposes a network management architecture that employs presence services as a notification mechanism into traditional network management processes. Based on this architecture, a prototype was built and some of the main presence services available in the literature have been integrated. This prototype was integrated into the structure of a P2P-based network management system named ManP2P, adding features for sending notifications. At last, the developed prototype and the selected presence services, have been evaluated through a set of tests performed over a testbed. The obtained results present the availability of using presence services in the context of network management. Nevertheless, they also show that is necessary to match the best presence services with the administrator’s requirements. Moreover those results characterize each services are more suitable for which network management situation, thus, helping to improve the notification process.

A análise das denúncias recebidas pela prefeitura de São Paulo sobre os problemas relacionados aos animais pode ser um importante instrumento para compreender a ocorrência destes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as denúncias de cães e gatos na cidade, a fim de estudar padrões espaciais, temporais e fatores de risco que expliquem a ocorrência dos problemas relacionados a esses animais. Entre os anos de 2006 e 2013, foram coletadas 234 mil denúncias relativas a cães e gatos (agressores, que sofreram maus tratos e soltos em vias públicas), além de denúncias relacionadas à presença de carcaças de animais em vias públicas. No estudo do comportamento das denúncias, utilizaram-se as informações anteriores para realizar análises descritivas, espaciais (kernel), temporais (sazonalidade e tendência) e de fatores de risco (modelos de regressão binomial negativa), considerando diferentes divisões geográficas da cidade, como regiões (noroeste, nordeste, leste1, leste2, centro, centro-sul, oeste, sudeste e sul) e distritos (96 distritos) e divisões sociodemográficas (anéis central, interior, intermediário, exterior e periférico). Os resultados indicam que as denúncias relacionadas aos cães foram as mais frequentes, sendo sua ocorrência espacial mais concentrada nas periferias da cidade e, além disso, ao longo dos anos observou-se uma tendência de diminuição do relato dessas denúncias. As denúncias relacionadas aos gatos apresentaram a menor frequência, sendo que sua ocorrência espacial ficou distribuída no centro e nas periferias da cidade e, com relação à análise temporal, observaram-se tendências diferentes para cada região da cidade. As denúncias de carcaças de animais em vias públicas apresentaram um padrão espacial similar às denúncias de cães, especificamente com as de agressores e soltos em via pública, já o padrão temporal apresentou tendência constante na maioria das regiões da cidade. Através da análise de sazonalidade das denúncias de cães, gatos e carcaças em cada região da cidade, observaram-se regiões onde a sazonalidade foi significativa (p<0,05), contudo essas regiões não apresentaram um padrão semelhante entre si. Nos modelos de regressão, para cada tipo de denúncia, foram incluídas como variáveis explicativas aquelas que foram consideradas significativas (p<0,05). Destas, destacam-se as variáveis anéis da cidade e presença de lixo, por terem sido incluídas na maioria dos modelos, e a variável feiras-livres, por não constar em nenhum modelo. Espera-se que os resultados motivem a melhoria da qualidade da informação para aumentar a compreensão de possíveis limitantes deste tipo de estudo, como a subnotificação, a hipernotificação ou as falsas notificações; e que facilitem o desenvolvimento de outros estudos que dependam desses dados. Por fim, sugere-se que estratégias de controle e programas de desenvolvimento social de órgãos públicos, que visem diminuir os fatores de risco que possam influenciar a ocorrência de problemas relacionados a cães e gatos na cidade de São Paulo, devem ser intensificados nas regiões periféricas da cidade, com especial atenção à região leste. / The analysis of the notification received by the Sao Paulo city Hall about the problems related to animals can be an important step to understand the occurrence of these. The aim of this work was to analyze the dog and cat notification in Sao Paulo city, with the purpose to study temporal and spatial patterns, and risk factors which explain the occurrence of problems related with these animals. Between the years 2006 and 2013, it was collected 234 thousand notifications relative to dogs and cats (animals aggressors, which suffer abuse and free in publics roads), also it were collected notifications related to the presence of animal carcasses in publics roads. Studying the patrons of the notifications, the previous information was used to do descriptive, spatial (kernel), temporal (trend and seasonality) and risk factors analysis (Negative Binomial Regression), considering different geographic divisions, as zones (northwest, northeast, east1, east2, central, south-central, west, southeast and south), and districts (96 districts) and sociodemographic divisions (central, interior, intermediate, exterior and peripheral rings) of Sao Paulo city. Results indicate that notifications related to dogs were more frequently, with higher occurrences in the peripherals zones of the city and, in addition to that, through the years it was observed a negative trend of the occurrence of those notifications. Notifications related to cats presented a lower frequency with spatial patterns distributed in the center and peripherals zones of the city and, in relation to the temporal analysis, it was observed different trends for each zone of the city. The presence of animal carcasses in public roads presented a spatial pattern similar with the dog notifications, more specific with aggressors and free in public road notifications, and its temporal pattern presented a regular trend in the majority of the zones of the city. Through the dogs, cats and carcasses seasonality analysis in each zone of the city, it was observed zones where the seasonality was significate (p < 0,05), however these zones didn&#39;t present a similar pattern among each other. In the regression models, for each notification type, it were included explanatory variables that were considered significant (p< 0,05). Of these, the city&#39;s rings division and garbage problems variables stand out because they were included in the majority of models; and the &ldquo;feiras livres&rdquo; variable, because it wasn&#39;t included in any model. It is expected that the results motivate the improvement of the information to increase comprehension of possible limitations of this type of study, such as sub-notification, hyper-notification or the false notifications; and facilitate the development of others studies which depend on these data. Finally, it is suggested that the control strategies and social development programs of the public entities that intend to decrease the risk factors which can influence the occurrence of problems related to dogs and cats in Sao Paulo city should be intensified on the peripheral zones of the city, with special attention to east zone.

Mobilnotifikationer är ett relativt nytt fenomen och mobilanvändare idag får allt fler notifikationer skickade till sig per dag. Hur de faktiskt påverkar användare, både sett till mobilanvändning och användarbeteenden, är fortfarande ett tämligen outforskat område. Denna studie utforskar hur mobilnotifikationer påverkar studenters upplevda stressnivåer och fokus under schemalagda skolaktiviteter. För att undersöka detta jämfördes en normal vecka med en vecka då notifikationer tystades med hjälp av stör-ej-funktionen i mobiltelefonen. Under denna period loggades mobilanvändningen och deltagarna fick föra en dagbok för reflektioner kring sitt beteende under dagen. Undersökningen avslutades med semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Resultaten av undersökningen visade att mobilanvändningen höll en jämn nivå under hela undersökningen. Ingen stress upplevdes av deltagarna i samband med mottagna notifikationer i skolmiljön, däremot upplevdes bättre fokus då stör-ej-funktionen aktiverades och notifikationerna tystades. Ett samband mellan få antal mottagna notifikationer och bättre upplevt fokus upptäcktes.  Undersökningen har även haft ett metodologiskt syfte då fler undersökningar krävs i detta område. En slutsats vi drar efter avslutad studie är att tillvägagångsättet lämpar sig bra för att jämföra upplevd med faktisk mobilanvändning. Kombinationen dagbok och semi-strukturerade intervjuer var även ett bra tillvägagångssätt för att fånga upp deltagarnas beteenden och reflektioner. / The average user receives approximately 46 smartphone notifications every day. But there is little research regarding how users are affected by them. In this paper we assess the impact of mobile notifications in learning situations with regards to perceived stress and focus. This was achieved by monitoring the users’ mobile usage during two weeks. The first week, they proceeded as normal. During the second week they were asked to activate the do-not-disturb mode during scheduled school activities. During this time their mobile usage was documented both through software and from daily occurring survey. This was followed up by semi-structured group interviews. The results showed that the mobile usage remained the same during the second week. The participants were not stressed at all but there was an increase in perceived focus when the do-not-disturb mode was switched on. The results show a relation between a low number of received notifications and increased perceived focus. The study was also carried out with a methodological purpose, since the area is rather new. We came to the conclusion that the method is appropriate for investigating the differences between perceived and actual mobile usage. The study was successful in its implementation of daily occurring surveys and semi structured interviews. This combination allowed for great user reflections.

Notifikationer är idag den mest använda funktionen inom mobiltelefonen och är designade för att kräva användares tid och uppmärksamhet. Mobiltelefoner har däremot funktioner som tillåter användaren att begränsa sina notifikationer. Trots detta används dessa funktioner sällan, och det är därför nödvändigt att designa notifikationerna som stöttar användare att avväga notifikationers relevans. Det har skett en utveckling där ökad mängd notifikationer har bidragit till att användare upplever stressrelaterade känslor och en sämre prestation. Tidigare forskning visar att notifikationers ljudliga och haptiska signaler är de som användare oftast uppmärksammar. Däremot sker två tredjedelar av människans uppfattningsförmåga genom visuella system, och tidigare studier uttrycker behov av en djupare förståelse kring de grafiska elementens inverkan. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur notifikationer kan designas för att bibehålla användarens uppmärksamhet på en uppgift i de situationer där användaren inte vill bli distraherad. En designorienterad ansats med kvalitativa metoder har genomförts, där designriktlinjer har identifierats från litteraturen. Designriktlinjerna användes för att skapa en prototyp vilken sedan tillämpades som verktyg i en uppgiftsbaserad utvärdering. Studien resulterade i fyra reviderade designriktlinjer som avser att stödja designers i att främja en balans mellan att uppmärksamma notifikationer som är relevanta för användare utan att orsaka störningsmoment. Dessa designriktlinjer kopplar an till prioritetshantering, information, balanserad belastning och grafisk presentation. / Notifications are currently the most widely used feature within mobile phones and are designed to demand users' time and attention. However, mobile phones provide features that allow the user to limit their notifications. Despite this, these features are rarely utilized, and therefore, it is necessary to design notifications that support users in assessing the relevance of notifications. There has been a development where an increased number of notifications have contributed to users experiencing stress-related feelings and decreased performance. Previous research shows that users often pay attention to auditory and haptic signals of notifications. However, two-thirds of human perception occurs through visual systems, and previous studies express the need for a deeper understanding of the impact of graphical elements. The purpose of the study was to investigate how notifications can be designed to maintain the user's attention on a task in situations where the user does not want to be distracted. A design-oriented approach with qualitative methods has been conducted, where design guidelines have been identified from the literature. The design guidelines were used to create a prototype, which was then applied as a tool in a task-based evaluation. The study resulted in four revised design guidelines aimed to support designers in promoting a balance between paying attention to notifications that are relevant to users without causing disturbances. These design guidelines relate to priority management, information, balanced load, and graphic presentation.

No description available.

Den bärbara teknikens snabba utveckling och integration i våra liv har gett upphov till en diskussion rörande teknikens negativa konsekvenser. Tidigare forskning har visat på en korrelation mellan en stor mobilanvändning och ett sämre välmående, och inom populärkulturen syns nya fenomen som digital detox och att nedgradera sin smartphone till en telefon med färre funktioner. Trots det verkar trenden tyda på att mobilanvändandet ökar. Genom konstanta aviseringar i form av korta texter innehållande olika budskap och information, s.k. notiser, kallar mobilen ofta på ens uppmärksamhet. Den här studien syftar till att undersöka hur notiserna påverkar mobilanvändningen och om det finns ett samband mellan mängden notiser som når användarna och deras övergripande mobilanvändning. För att besvara frågeställningen genomfördes strukturerade observationer av användares opåverkade mobilanvändning samt hur användningen förändrades när de inte längre nåddes av notiser. Observationerna följdes av enkäter för att ge resultatet ett kvalitativt komplement. Resultatet visade att det totala antalet skärmupplåsningar minskade medan tiden tillbringad med mobilen ökade, vilket leder till slutsatsen att då användaren nås av färre notiser blir användningssessionerna färre i antal men längre i varaktighet. Samtidigt verkade kontrollerandet av låsskärmen, d.v.s. att man väcker skärmen utan att låsa upp den, ha blivit mer frekvent. Detta för att se till att man inte missat viktig information, och då särskilt att ha missat att någon har försökt få tag på en. En absolut majoritet av deltagarna upplevde det som besvärande att inte kunna nås av notiser, och det gällde uteslutande notiser från kommunikationsapplikationer. Användarens egen inställning till notiser tycktes inte ha ett samband med hur mobilanvändningen påverkades. / The rapid development of portable technology and its integration in our way of living has led to discussions about the negative consequences of technology. Previous research has shown a correlation between major mobile phone usage and a low well-being, and within popular culture new phenomenona regarding technology has arisen, such as digital detox and to downgrade one’s smartphone to a phone with fewer features. Despite this, the trend indicates that smartphone usage is increasing. The smartphone is constantly calling for attention through notifications in form of short texts containing various announcements and information. The purpose of this study is to examine in which way notifications may affect mobile phone usage and if there is a connection between the amount of received notifications and one’s overall mobile phone usage. To investigate this, we implemented structured observations on the users unaffected smartphone usage as well as their usage when notifications were disabled. Surveys were added as a qualitative complement to the observations. The result of the study showed that the total amount of unlockings of the screen decreased while the time spent on the smartphone increased, which leads to the conclusion that when the users received fewer notifications the usage sessions became fewer in number but longer in duration. Checking the lock screen, i.e. to wake the smartphone without unlocking it, seemed to have become more frequent. This was due to that the users wanted to ensure they did not miss any important information, and in particular if someone was trying to get in touch with them. An absolute majority experienced the absence of notifications as bothersome, particularly concerning notifications from communication applications. No correlation was found between the users’ attitude to notifications and the way their smartphone usage changed.