Symptoms of ADHD (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder) often involve difficulties with planning and organization. For many young adults with ADHD, it is therefore a stressful challenge to manage all the different aspects of life. As a help in everyday planning and organization, young adults with ADHD use digital time management tools. Previous research has identified that young adults with ADHD are dissatisfied with digital time management tools. However, it is not clear what challenges lead to this dissatisfaction. The purpose of this qualitative study was therefore to gain knowledge about the challenges experienced by young adults with ADHD in the use of digital time management tools. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine young adults with ADHD. The analysis of the interviews resulted in the identification of several areas that were particularly challenging in the use of digital time management tools. Notifications were perceived as distracting and interrupting, but also as not providing sufficient attention or being inadequately customizable. Difficulties in receiving support in creating routines and continued use of the digital time management tools were also addressed. Problems with overview as a result of using multiple digital time management tools were also mentioned. The study can contribute to increased understanding and knowledge of the challenges experienced by young adults with ADHD in the use of digital time management tools. / Symptom vid ADHD (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder) innebär ofta svårighetermed planering och organisering. För många unga vuxna med ADHD är det därför enstressande utmaning att hantera alla olika aspekter av livet. Som en hjälp i vardagligplanering och organisering använder unga vuxna med ADHD digitalatidshanteringsverktyg. Tidigare forskning har identifierat att unga vuxna med ADHD ärmissnöjda med digitala tidshanteringsverktyg. Däremot framgår det ej tydligt vilkautmaningar det är som leder till missnöjet. Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie vardärför att få kunskap om vilka utmaningar unga vuxna med ADHD upplever vidanvändandet av digitala tidshanteringsverktyg. Semistrukturerade intervjuergenomfördes med nio unga vuxna med ADHD. Analysen av intervjuerna resulterade iatt ett flertal områden identifierades som särskilt utmanande i användning av digitalatidshanteringsverktyg. Notifikationer uppfattades som att de är distraherande ochavbrytande men också att de inte ger tillräcklig uppmärksamhet eller är otillräckligtanpassningsbara. Svårigheter med att få stöd i skapandet av rutiner och fortsattanvändning med de digitala tidshanteringsverktygen togs också upp. Även problem medöversikt till följd av användning av flera digitala tidshanteringsverktyg påpekades.Studien kan bidra med ökad förståelse och kunskap om vilka utmaningar unga vuxnamed ADHD upplever vid användandet av digitala tidshanteringsverktyg.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:53:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NELLI BROCH RAVAZIO.pdf: 2613380 bytes, checksum: d5ea1598d8562655f717ecdd4b4c8783 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-11 / The matter of worker s health has been getting a bigger attention in the field of social discussions, Public Engagement and Public Health, proving the fragility in the area of injuries and work accidents treatment. This study had as general objective identify the difficulties met in the process of effectuation of Rede Sentinela de Notificação de Acidentes e Agravos em Saúde dos Trabalhadores (Sentinel Network for Notification of Accidents and Injuries in the Workers Health), from the view of the managers and workers at SUSRegional de Saúde de Rondonópolis-MT (Health Public System-Regional Health Center of Rondonopolis-MT), in the period 2009-2011. It s a descriptive-explanatory study, which used the documental research and questionnaire to interview managers and workers from SUS (Public Health System), who answered closed and semi -open questions, according to quantitative analysis. The results indicated the following statement: the notifications of injuries and work accidents in SINAN Sistema de Informação de Agravos e Notificações (SINAN=System of information and notification of injuries) are not in conformity with the records of MPS/DATAPREV, CAT, SUB; there is a high level of sub-notification of data in SINAN; there is a lack of training for workers/SUS; there aren t especifically designated professionals to work with the workers health and the Sanitary Code of Municipalities from Health Regional of Rondonópolis doesn t address aspects concerning the workers health. There fore, it can be concluded that the managers don t have the real knowledge of the cases concerning the work accidents, and because of that, they don t realize the importance of actions to reduce problems of sub-notifications of the care provided at Rede Sentinela (Sentinel Network). It was also concluded that even though the workers have received care, they are not registered, situation which suggests a better effectiveness in the notifications. / A preocupação com a saúde do trabalhador vem ganhando maior notoriedade no campo das discussões sociais, do Poder Público e na Saúde Pública, comprovando a fragilidade do tratamento aos agravos e acidentes de trabalho. Este estudo teve como objetivo geral identificar as dificuldades da efetivação da Rede Sentinela de Notificação de Acidentes e Agravos em saúde dos trabalhadores a partir da visão dos/as gestores/as e trabalhadores/as/SUS da Regional de Saúde de Rondonópolis-MT, 2009- 2011. Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo-explicativo por meio de pesquisa documental e questionário junto aos gestores e trabalhadores/SUS que responderam as questões fechadas e semi-abertas, com análise quantitativa. Os resultados possibilitaram as seguintes assertivas: as notificações de agravos e acidentes de trabalho no SINAN Sistema de Informação de Agravos e Notificações não estão em conformidade com os registros do MPS/DATAPREV, CAT, SUB; existe alto índice de subnotificação nos dados do SINAN; falta treinamento para os trabalhadores/SUS; não existem profissionais designados especificamente para atuar na saúde do trabalhador e o Código Sanitário dos Municípios da Regional de Saúde de Rondonópolis não aborda aspectos da saúde do trabalhador. Neste sentido, concluiu-se que os gestores não possuem conhecimento real sobre os casos de acidentes de trabalho, por isso, não percebem a importância de ações para reduzir os problemas de subnotificações dos atendimentos realizados na Rede Sentinela. Concluiuse ainda que os trabalhadores são atendidos, porém não notificados, sugerindo-se maior efetividade nas notificações.

The news landscape has changed during recent years because of the digitization. News can nowadays be found in both newspapers and on different sites online. The availability of the digital newspapers leads to competition among the news companies. To make the users stay on one specific platform for news, relevance is required in the content and oneway of creating relevance is through personalization, to tailor the content to each user. The focus of this thesis is therefore personalizing newspush notifications for a digital  newspaper and making them more relevant for users. The project was made in cooperation with VK Media, and their digital newspaper. The task in this thesis is to implement personalization of push notifications by building a recommendation system and to test the implemented system with data from VK. In order to perform the task, a dataset representing reading habits of VK’s users was extracted from their data warehouse. Then a user-based and content-based recommendation system was implemented in Python.The idea with the system is to recommend new articles that are sufficiently similar to one or more of the already read articles. Articles that may be liked by one of the most similar users should also be recommended. Finally, the system’s performance was evaluated with the data representing reading habits for VK’s users. The results show that the implemented system has better performance than the current solution without any personalization, when recommending a few articles to each user. The results from the evaluation also show that the more articles the users have read, the better predictions are possible to make. Thus, this thesis offers a first step towards meeting the expectations of more relevant content among VK’s users.

Många universitetsstudenter reser kollektivt till skolan, och under sin tid i kollektivtrafiken är det många som spenderar sin tid genom att använda sin smartphone. Flera använder den då för att kolla sociala medier, lyssna på musik eller bara fördriva tid. Detta är något som är väldigt intressant då många inte inser att de har en tid här som de kan utnyttja till att få saker gjort. Därför undersöker denna studie i vilken utsträckning notifikationer i smartphones kan fungera som ett hjälpmedel för universitetsstudenter att utnyttja inter-time; tillika sin restid, på ett effektivare sätt med avseende på deras egna studier. Studien genomfördes under en vecka och bestod av en inledande enkät, en testperiod med notifikationer, samt en avslutande enkät. Under testperioden mottog deltagarna notifikationer varje dag under fem dagar samt förde dagbok under periodens tre sista dagar. Notifikationerna var platsbaserade och innehöll en uppmaning om att studera. Studiens resultat visade att ingen av deltagarna följde notifikationernas uppmaning. Vidare visade det sig att åsikten och upplevelsen av notifikationerna varierade brett mellan deltagarna, med enstaka svar om att notifikationerna var välskrivna, destruktiva, bra, tydliga, ensidiga, hjälpsamma, motiverande, repetitiva. Tre deltagare ansåg notifikationerna som störande. Orsakerna till detta resultat berodde till stor del att deltagarna hade olika syn på sin inter-time och vad de helst gjorde under denna tid, samt att ingen av deltagarna såg sin smartphone som ett användbart hjälpmedel i deras studier. Vidare är slutsatsen för denna studie att för att notifikationerna ska påverka deltagarnas utnyttjande av sin inter-time behöver notifikationerna vara individuellt anpassade till varje deltagares schema samt preferenser. En annan intressant aspekt var att deltagarna inte såg sin smartphone som ett studieverktyg, trots att de var Medieteknikstudenter och alltså är vana att använda sin smartphone. / Many university students use public transport as a means to get to school, and during this time in transit a great many pass their time by using their smartphone. Most use it to check social media, listen to music or just to make time pass faster. This is something really interesting since many of these student do not realize they can use their smartphone for studying during this time in transit. For that reason, this study investigates to what extent notifications in a smartphone during these times can work as a reminder for university students to use their inter-time; their time in transit, in a more efficient manner with regards to their studies. This study was conducted during a school week and consisted of an initial questionnaire, a test period with notifications, and lastly a conclusive questionnaire. During the test period the participants received notifications every day for five days and for the last three days of the study they also wrote a diary. The notifications were location based and encouraged the students to study. The results of the study showed that even though none of the participants followed the suggestion to study during their inter time, the participants had both negative and positive attitudes towards the notifications as some deemed them irriating while some saw the potential but would rather have receieved a more personalized  suggestion. The reasons for these results were mainly due to the participants' different views on their inter-time and what they preferred to do during this time, furthermore, none of the participants regarded their smartphone as a useful tool to help them study. The conclusion of this study is that in order for the notifications to influence the students' usage of their inter-time, the notifications need to be individually adapted to each student's schedule and preferences. Another interesting aspect was that the participants did not see their smartphone as a mean to study, despite the fact that they were students of Media Technology and accustomed to use their smartphone.

These days, everything revolves around technology, and we have instantaneous access to all information. To stay up to date on current events, we get notifications on our smart devices when relevant articles or messages become available. Displays and other forms of technology are ubiquitous in today's car interiors to both enhance the driving experience and keep the driver in touch with the information they provide. However, depending on the situation and task at hand, these notifications can elicit a variety of reactions from us when they appear at an inconvenient time. The problem statement of this research was that there was very little amount of research done on the connection between drivers with different personality traits and how the incoming in-vehicle notifications affect them in various cognitive load scenarios. This study put participants in a practical research where they have been doing a primary task while interacting with notifications as a side task. The tasks at hand have been divided based on the user's cognitive load, or the amount of focus required for that activity, like different driving scenarios in real life. We have collected sufficient data through practical research in which participants have been placed in a scenario of performing a primary task while interacting with incoming notifications. Prior to that, the personality traits of the participants have been determined using a survey, which assisted us in connecting the similarities and differences among the various personality trait groups. In the practical part of the study, a screen was used on which the participant performed a primary task in the form of a video game, as well as a screen beside him, mimicking an infotainment screen, with incoming notifications with which he had to interact. This provided us with accurate data based on its similarity to an actual everyday scenario, such as while driving a car. The findings aided in establishing a clear link between personality traits, levels of cognitive load, and notifications in general, and how they are interlinked.

Background: Police officers are at high risk for mental and physical health problems and suicidal ideation. The specific risk factors are numerous and concern stressful missions and administrative aspects of the police profession. So far, the police get only little training on specific missions as well as on coping with stress and suicidal ideation in the police profession. In this study we test the efficacy of the online training COPS (Coping with Suicide) for police officers. Methods: A total of 142 police officers fromGermany and Switzerland participated in the study; complete data (baseline and post) are available from 102 participants. The training consisted of three modules covering the topics of delivering death notifications, dealing with individuals with suicidal ideation and dealing with one’s own distress and suicidal ideation in the police profession. The primary outcomes are perceived knowledge and self-rated competence regarding the contents of the program, actual knowledge as well as symptoms of depression and anxiety (PHQ-9), and attitudes toward suicide (ATTS). The data are collected at baseline and after completing the training. Results: We found a significant increase in knowledge as well as in perceived competence after completing the training. Mental health and attitudes toward suicide did not change significantly. Years on the job had no moderating effect on the effectiveness of the training. Discussion: The results suggest that a short e-learning program significantly improves knowledge and self-rated competence in delivering death notifications, in suicide prevention and stress management. It can be easily integrated into the daily routine of police-officers, and participants could participate at their own pace and from any location. One limitation of this study is the lack of a control-group. Further advantages and limitations of this study are discussed.

A helpful tool in forming, breaking, and maintaining habits and behaviors is a digital behavior change intervention (DBCI). These are interventions that leverage digital technologies to help their users to either take on or avoid certain behaviors. A common problem is a lack of user engagement with the interventions’ content, which is key for its effectiveness. It has however been shown that gamified content and using prompts—such as push notifications—may have the effect of increasing user engagement, for both DBCIs and other applications. Furthermore, two commonly occurring game concepts are competition and cooperation, each with different influences on engagement which in turn may vary depending on the context and the user. Therefore, this thesis set out to examine how push notifications can be used to increase user engagement with a gamified DBCI by making its gamified elements more salient. Additionally, it will investigate if there is any difference in influence on engagement of notifications that either promote competition or cooperation. This was evaluated by deploying two different push notification strategies on Deedster—a gamified mobile DBCI with the aim to get its users to reduce their personal CO2-emissions—and tracking user behavior. The results of the evaluation showed that users who received push notifications were more engaged—started more sessions and spent more time—with the application than users who did not receive any. They also performed a significantly higher amount of target behaviors. There was no difference in the influence on performed target behaviors between the notifications promoting competition or cooperation, and only one significant difference—usage of intervention features—regarding user engagement. The gender of the user was also found to be a considerable factor in the influence of the push notifications. Competition increased engagement more than cooperation for male users, but not for female users. / Ett effektivt verktyg för att forma, bryta eller bibehålla vanor och beteenden är en så kallad digital beteendeförändrings-intervention (eng. digital behavior change intervention eller DBCI). Dessa interventioner använder digital teknik för att hjälpa deras användare att antingen påbörja eller undvika särskilda beteenden. Ett vanligt problem med dessa är att användarna ofta inte är särskilt engagerade i interventionernas innehåll eller funktioner, vilket är viktigt för deras effektivitet. Emellertid har det visats att spelifierat innehåll och användandet av notiser—såsom push-notiser—kan ha en ökande effekt på engagemanget. Två vanligt förekommande spelkoncept är tävling och samarbete, båda med sina olika effekter på engagemang vilket också skiftar beroende på kontexten och användaren. Därför ska detta examensarbete undersöka hur push-notiser kan användas för att öka användar-engagemanget i en spelifierad och mobil beteendeförändrings-intervention genom att göra dess spelifierade element mer framträdande. Dessutom kommer det även undersökas om det är någon skillnad i effekt mellan notiser som antingen främjar tävling eller samarbete. Detta var utvärderat genom att använda två olika push-notis-strategier på Deedster—en spelifierad, mobil intervention som syftar till att minska dess användares CO2-utsläpp—och sedan följa användarnas beteende. Resultaten visade att användare som fick push-notiser var mer engagerade—startade mer sessioner och spenderade mer tid—inom applikationen jämfört med användare som inte fick några notiser. De utförde också signifikant fler önskade beteenden. Det var ingen skillnad i effekt på antalet önskade beteende utförda mellan att främja tävling eller samarbete och endast några få skillnader i engagemang. Dock visade det sig att användarens kön var en betydande faktor i effekten av notiserna. Notiserna som främjade tävling var mer effektiva för manliga användare jämfört med de som främjade samarbete. Denna effekt syntes inte bland kvinnliga användare. / Designing digital technologies for supporting energy-related behavior change in the kitchen

With the widespread use of portable digital devices, especially smartphones, learning a new language has become a popular trend in the age of globalization. Amongst mobile-assistant language-learning applications, Duolingo is widely used and employs persuasive design techniques to inspire and encourage users to acquire new linguistic skills. Several papers have been studied based on this application by exploring pedagogical issues and discussing the misuse of gamification design. From a holistic perspective, limited research exists on how Duolingo's persuasive design motivates and engages language learners. The study utilized a walkthrough and a focus group alongside semi-structured interviews with 11 Duolingo users to investigate how persuasive design elements are employed to engage users. The findings of this study suggest that the gamification design in Duolingo is enjoyable and enhances users’ motivation; streaks make users commit to their learning plan; rewards encourage users to learn constantly; notifications play a significant role as triggers for learning behavior to occur; notifications also remind users to return to the application after a suspension. Moreover, it is important to design notifications with both the attitude and content in mind, as they have the power to affect user experience.

This work was carried out for Cisco at the Tail-f department. Cisco’s main focus is on network and telecommunication. The Tail-f department is the developer of a network service automatization product that allows customers to automate the process of adding, removing and manage their developed devices and services in their network. In the context of this network service, notifications will arise to notify operators when something has happened. The notifications are currently stored in a configurational database that is currently used for all the data in the network service. The customers have wished for more flexibility and functionality in terms of operating the notification data since they are limited in what queries they may perform in order to analyze their data. The purpose of this project is to find an alternative way of storing the notifications with better functionality and efficiency. A number of different databases were investigated with respect to the functionality and performance requirements of the system. A final storage system ElasticSearch was chosen. ElasticSearch provides flexible schema handling and complex queries which makes it a suitable choice that fulfills the customers’ needs. A generator and subscriber program were built in order to perform tests and insertion of notification data into ElasticSearch. The generator creates notifications manually and the subscriber receives them and performs some parsing and insertion into the storage. The queries and performance of ElasticSearch was measured. The query results show that the new system is able to perform much more complex queries than before such as range queries, filtering and full-text searches. The performance results show that the system is able to handle around 1000 notifications every other millisecond before the system will slow down. This is a sufficient number that satisfies the customers’ needs. / Detta arbete utfördes för Cisco vid Tail-f avdelningen. Cisco fokuserar på nätoch telekommunikation. Tail-f är utvecklare av en automatiseringsprodukt för nätverk som gör det möjligt för kunder att automatisera processen att lägga till, ta bort och hantera sina utvecklade enheter och tjänster i deras nätverk. I samband med nätverkstjänsten kommer notifikationer att meddela operatörer när något har hänt.Meddelandena lagras för tillfället i en konfigurationsdatabas som för närvarande används för lagring av all data inom nätverkstjänsten. Kunderna har önskat efter mer flexibilitet och funktionalitet när det gäller att hantera datat eftersom de är begränsade i vilka sökfrågor de kan utföra för att analysera deras notifikationsdata.Syftet med detta projekt är att hitta ett alternativt sätt att lagra notifikationerna med bättre funktionalitet och effektivitet. Ett antal olika databaser undersöktes med avseende på systemets funktionalitet och prestandakrav. Ett slutgiltigt lagringssystem ElasticSearch valdes. ElasticSearch erbjuder flexibel schema-hantering och komplexa sökfrågor som gör det till ett lämpligt val som uppfyller kundernas behov. En generator och subscriber program utvecklades för att utföra test och införande av notifikationsdata i ElasticSearch. Generatorn skapar meddelanden manuellt och subscribern tar emot dem och utför viss parsing och insättning i lagringssystemet.Sökfrågor och prestanda för ElasticSearch mättes. Sökfrågans resultat visar att det nya systemet kan utföra mycket mer komplexa sökfrågor än tidigare, såsom intervall-sökningar, filtrering och full-text sökning. Resultatet visar att systemet kan hantera cirka 1000 notifikationer varannan millisekund innan systemet saktar ner. Detta är ett tillräckligt antal som uppfyller kundernas behov.

The subject of web server security is vast, and it is becoming bigger as time passes by. Every year, researches, both private and public, are adding to the number of possible threats to the security of web servers, and coming up with possible solutions to them. A number of these solutions are considered to be expensive, complex, and incredibly time-consuming, while not able to create the perfect web to challenge any breach to the server security. In the study that follows, an attempt will be made to check whether a particular firewall can ensure a strong security measure and deal with some security breaches or severe threat to an existing web server. The research conducted has been done with the CSF Firewall, which provides a suit of scripts that ensure a portal’s security through a number of channels. The experiments conducted under the research provided extremely valuable insights about the application in hand, and the number of ways the CSF Firewall can help in safety of a portal against Secured Shell (SSH) attacks, dedicated to break the security of it, in its initial stages. It further goes to show how simple it is to actually detect the prospective attacks, and subsequently stop the Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, as well as the port scans made to the server, with the intent of breaching the security, by finding out an open port. By blocking the IP Addresses of the attackers dedicated to such an act, preventing them from creating nuisance, the CSF Firewall has been able to keep alien intrusions away from the server. It also aids in creating a secure zone for the server, to continue smoothly, while alerting the server administrators of the same, and gives them an opportunity to check those threatening IPs, and the time of attack, makes sure that the server administrators stay alert in the future, and is able to keep an eye on such attacks. In doing this, the experiment adds valuable data in the effective nature of the CSF Firewall.