The main goal of the thesis was to detect and subsequently present a comprehensive views of educational society and parents for the current issue of school preparedness and its related issues concerning the high number of school attendance delay. To obtain these views was used a method of semi-structured interviews with parents, teachers from preparatory classes and teachers from nursery and primary schools. When analysis of testimony was finished, has been used and also elected procedure confrontation between these dates, then confrontation with professional publications, articles, web discussion forums and also primary data which was find out at conference that was organized on this topic. After the research was found that the issue of school preparedness affects to other issues like: an education and qualification of nursery teachers, the quality of cooperation between school and family, problems of capacity classrooms in nursery and solving number of children and age composition of class, accountability for school readiness child etc. The results of this thesis indicate what opinions have the family and educational public on the current status of the school preparedness disadvantages of children and also parts of school preparedness, in which today's children mainly excel. The main contribution...

The thesis focuses on the issues concerning meeting individual needs of the preschool-aged children in kindergartens. In the theoretical part the attention is paid to defining the term "need" and to the description, analysis and comparison of various theories about fulfilling the children's needs. Next part deals with physical development of a child and its successful education as well. Followingly, there are described the possibilities how to fulfil individual needs of children in a family and in a kindergarten. The final topic in the theoretical part is the description of risks arising from dissatisfying the children's needs. The empiric part is based on the case study. investigative research being realized by the combination of several methods (observation, interview, questionnaire), targeting at finding if the inner conditions in kindergartens cope with RVP PV. The empiric part also followed several children which started attending the kindergarten, their appraisal was done and this was accomplished by planning activities leading to fulfilling their needs and easier adaptation. KEYWORDS preschool child, individual needs of child, family, kindergarten, preschool education, nursery school teacher, adaptation of preschool age children at the beginning of attendance kindergarten

Notre étude explore des réactions du bébé vivant en pouponnière à la visite parentale. Cette étude s'inscrit dans la continuité des études sur les effets de la carence de soins et de la séparation. Objectifs : savoir comment le bébé réagit à la visite de ses parents, si tous les bébés ont le même bénéfice à recevoir la visite de leurs parents, et quels sont les facteurs impliqués dans la réaction du bébé. Méthode : étude de la réaction d'un groupe de 15 bébés vivant en pouponnière (2-36 mois) à la visite de leurs parents sur 24 heures par un protocole de test-re-test du comportement de retrait relationnel (ADBB 5 fois), de la concentration de cortisol salivaire (8 fois),d'un indice de comportement difficile le jour et la nuit avant et après la visite. Ces variables ont été étudiées en lien avec les caractéristiques de l'enfant(âge, développement, genre, rang dans la fratrie), de l'interaction parents-enfants(sensibilité, synchronie dyadique), les caractéristiques de la visite (fréquence, durée), du placement (durée, raison, âge au moment du placement), ainsi que les caractéristiques parentales(âge, dépression, anxiété, sensibilité à l'évaluation, santé mentale, soutien social, traumatismes, représentations d'attachement). Résultats : Trois types de profils de bébés ont pu être mis en évidence en fonction de leurs réactions à la visite parentale : - celui des bébés qui réagissent bien au contact de leurs parents et qui souffrent à la séparation au retour de la visite. Ces bébés ont un meilleur développement, leurs parents sont plus sensibles que ceux des autres groupes et ils bénéficient des visites. Leur niveau de cortisol baisse à la visite et remonte à la séparation. -des bébés qui réagissent par davantage de retrait relationnel au contact de leurs parents : Ces bébés ne montrent pas de détresse à la séparation. Ils apparaissent mieux adaptés à la vie dans l'institution (moins de retrait relationnel). Leurs parents sont beaucoup moins sensibles que ceux des autres. Leur niveau de cortisol est élevé globalement et pendant la visite. Ces bébés sont placés plus tôt que les deux autres groupes. -les bébés qui ne montrent aucune réaction au contact avec leurs parents en termes de retrait relationnel. Ils ont des niveaux de cortisol salivaire les plus bas. Ils ne se distinguent pas particulièrement des autres pour ce qui concerne les autres caractéristiques évaluées hors la durée de visite. Ce groupe apparaît à risque psychopathologique puisqu' il montre un niveau constant et élevé de retrait relationnel associé à des niveaux plus bas de cortisol salivaire et la moindre réactivité de l'axe HPA. La recherche a aussi permis de mettre en évidence l'effet de différentes variables sur les réactions du bébé à la visite parentale. Les plus importantes semblent être la qualité des interactions parents-enfants, le développement des enfants, les caractéristiques du placement et de la visite. Différents effets ont pu être mis en évidence : -un effet de deuil au retour de la visite pour les enfants qui ont eu un bon contact avec leurs parents. -un effet d'anticipation du stress de la visite pour les bébés qui réagissent mal au contact de leurs parents. -un effet de soulagement au retour de la visite pour les bébés qui réagissent mal au contact de leurs parents. -un effet de contamination pour certains enfants le lendemain de la visite, tous appartenant au groupe des enfants qui réagissent mal au contact de leurs parents. -un effet positif de la visite pour les enfants qui réagissent bien en contact de leurs parents. L'ensemble des résultats est discuté par rapport à la littérature, aux implications de théorique et juridique de l'étude du maintien du contact pour les bébés séparés de leurs parents, ainsi que les applications en termes de recherche et de clinique. / Our research is an exploratory study of the reactions of the baby living in residential nursery to parental contact. This study is in continuaty with studies on the effects of early infant neglect and separation. Objectives: explore how babies react to parental contact if all babies have the same benefit to receive visits from their parents, and what are the factors involved in the baby's reaction to parental contact. Method: study of the reaction of a group of 15 infants/babies living in a residential nursery (2-36 months) to contact with their parents on a 24 hours test-re-test protocol evaluating relational withdrawal (ADBB 5 times) , salivary cortisol concentrations (8 times), index of difficult behaviour the day and the night before and after the visit. These variables have been studied in connection with the child's characteristics (age, development, gender, birth order), and those of the parent-child interaction (sensitivity, dyadic synchrony), of the visit (frequency, duration), of the placement (time, reason, age at placement), as well as with parental characteristics (age, depression, anxiety, sensitivity to evaluation, mental health, social support, traumatic experiences, attachment representations). Results: babies do react to parental contact. Three types of reactions have been identified: - babies who respond well to contact with their parents and suffer from separation. These babies have a better development, their parents are more sensitive than those of other groups and they enjoy the visits. Their cortisol levels drop to visit and rise back at separation. - Babies who react by more relational withdrawal in contact with their parents: these babies show no distress at separation. They appear better adapted to life in the institution (less relational withdrawal). Their parents are much less sensitive than the others. Their cortisol levels are generally high even during the visit. These babies are placed sooner than the other two groups. -Babies who show no reaction to contact with their parents in terms of relational withdrawal. They have generally lower concentrations of cortisol. They cannot be particularly distinguished from the other with regard of all characteristics that have been evaluated. This group appears at psychopathological risk since it shows a consistently high level of relational withdrawal associated with lower levels of salivary cortisol and lower reactivity of the HPA axis. The research also highlighted the effect of different variables on the baby's reactions to parental visit. The most important ones seem to be the quality of parent-child interaction, child development, and the characteristics of the placement and the visit. Various effects have been highlighted: - grief effect when returning from visit for children who have had good contact with their parents. - An anticipatory effect of stress of the visit for babies who react badly to contact with their parents. - A relief effect returning from visit for babies that react poorly to contact with their parents. - A contamination effect for some children the day after the visit, those babies belonging to the group of children who respond poorly to contact with their parents. - A positive effect of the visit for children who respond well in contact with parents. Results are discussed in relation to literature, and in terms forensic implications and of clinical and research applications of maintaining contact between babies and parents separated by placement in the field of child protection.

The main goal of the master’s thesis is to design a new building of the nursery in Brno-Soběšice. It is one-storey building. This floor is divided to two same parts. In each of them is day room, sleeping room, office, bathroom, cloakroom for children, cloakroom for teachers with shower and toilet and stock for beds. Also there is director office, toilet, hallway, utility room, room for cleaners, sink and stocks. The vertical loadbearing structures are designed from Porotherm ceramic blocks and the hollow concrete blocks. The building is insulated by a contact thermal insulation system ETICS. The horizontal loadbearing structures and the staircase are designed from reinforced monolithic concrete slab. The roof is flat with extensive greenery. The whole construction are based on foundation passports. The building site contains also an outdoor car park with ten parking spot and garden with climbing frames. The project was performed in Autocad and visualization was performed in ArchiCad and Lumion. All constructions comply with valid standards and regulations. Master’s thesis is divided to three parts. In the first part A it deals with the construction design of a building for a building permission. It contains architectural-building solutions, building physics, situation drawing, reports, building design solutions and fire safety solutions. In the second part B it deals with the design of technical equipment of buildings. It includes the design of sewerage system, water, gas, photovoltaic panels, lighting, ventilation and heating. In the third part C it deals possible systems for the use of rainwater. I described possible systems for the use of rainwater and developed a rough calculation for the selected system.

The main aim of this master project is to design a new nursery school with a parking lot and playground in Jinačovice. The building has single floor and flat green roof. It is divided into three main parts: middle part, class A, class B. The middle part includes a wind lobby, corridor and auxiliary rooms such as cleaning room, staff rooms, storage and utility room. Almost identical classes A and B include a day room/play room, changing room, children washroom, storage of toys and kitchen. The vertical loadbearing masonry is made of Porotherm ceramic blocks. The envelope walls insulated with ETICS. The horizontal loadbearing structure is made of Spiroll panels. Heating energy is supplied by two air-water heat pump. Ventilation is provided by air conditioning with heat recovery. Shading is provided by external louvers. The project was carried out in AutoCAD.

[ES] Las plantas de vid (Vitis vinifera L.) están expuestas a una gran variedad de patógenos. En la actualidad, las enfermedades fúngicas de la madera de la vid (GTDs) se encuentran entre los principales factores que limitan la productividad de este cultivo. Una vez las vides están infectadas, la productividad de la planta disminuye, provocando una muerte lenta o apoplética. La investigación de agentes de control biológico (BCAs) capaces de prevenir, o al menos minimizar, el impacto de las GTDs, se considera una prioridad de investigación. En esta Tesis Doctoral se caracterizó un agente de biocontrol potencial y, junto con un producto comercial biológico ya registrado, fueron probados contra varios patógenos agentes causales de GTDs, en invernadero bajo condiciones controladas, y también durante el proceso de propagación de la vid en vivero. Los resultados del análisis genómico completo de Bacillus subtilis PTA-271 muestran un sistema funcional de motilidad de enjambre, una fuerte capacidad de supervivencia y un conjunto de genes que codifican sustancias bioactivas conocidas por estimular el crecimiento o las defensas de las plantas, influir en la microbiota beneficiosa y contrarrestar la agresividad de los patógenos. Cuando Bs PTA-271 se probó contra Neofusicoccum parvum BT67 en plantas injertadas de invernadero, Bs PTA-271 y Ta SC1 demostraron que el cultivar contribuye a los efectos beneficiosos de Bs PTA-271 y Ta SC1 contra Np-Bt67. La aplicación simultánea de ambos BCAs demostró ser beneficiosa contra este patógeno en vides del cultivar Tempranillo. El análisis transcriptómico de las mismas muestras mostró ampliamente los cambios en la fisiología de la planta inducidos tanto por Bs PTA-271 como por Ta SC1 para proteger la vid ante la infección por Np-Bt67. En Chardonnay, las plantas infectadas con Np-Bt67 presentan genes sobreexpresados que están implicados en las vías de señalización del acido absicico (ABA). En Tempranillo, la infección con Np-Bt67 provoca cambios de expresión en más de 200 genes, relacionados sobre todo con la importación de aminoácidos, procesos relacionados con el cloroplasto y el fotosistema, respuestas de la planta a estímulos bióticos y biosíntesis de metabolitos secundarios. La protección de Ta SC1 en las plantas de Tempranilllo implica un mayor número de cambios, que abarcan tanto el metabolismo primario como el secundario, relacionados con cambios en las señales hormonales, como con el aicdo absicico (ABA). Durante el proceso de producción de la vid en vivero, los resultados demostraron una reducción significativa del porcentaje de plantas infectadas con los patógenos asociados a las enfermedades de decaimiento por Botryosphaeria y Pie negro en el material de vivero tratado con Ta SC1 y Bs PTA-271 respectivamente. Los tratamientos simultáneos con ambos BCAs presentaron una reducción en el porcentaje de plantas infectadas con ambos tipos de patógenos. Al probar el efecto de Bs PTA-271 y Ta SC1 en el microbioma de la rizosfera de la vid de dos suelos diferentes infectados con patógenos del pie negro, los resultados muestran que la inoculación de los BCAs parece mejorar las redes del microbioma de la rizosfera y el estado de saneamiento, sin embargo, el efecto beneficioso de los BCAs puede ser dependiente del suelo. En general, este estudio aportó nuevos conocimientos sobre el uso de uno o más BCAs contra varios patógenos asociados a las GTDs, tanto en el vivero como en vides adultas (viñedo). Además, se destacó el modo de acción de ambos BCAs en la protección de la vid. Por lo tanto, estos hallazgos proporcionan, no sólo una mejor comprensión de las interacciones entre los BCAs, la vid y los patógenos, sino que también son una fuerte contribución a una estrategia de gestión sostenible de las GTDs. / [CA] Les plantes de vinya (Vitis vinifera L.) estan exposades a una gran varietat de patògens. En l'actualitat, les malalties fúngiques de la fusta de la vinya (GTDs) es troben entre els principals factors que limiten la productivitat d'aquest cultiu. Una vegada les vinyes estan infectades, la productivitat de la planta disminueix, provocant una mort lenta o apoplética. La investigació d'agents de control biològic (BCAs) capaços de previndre, o almenys minimitzar, l'impacte de les GTDs, es considera una prioritat d'investigació. En aquesta Tesi Doctoral es va caracteritzar en profunditat un agent de biocontrol potencial i, juntament amb un producte comercial biològic ja registrat, tots dos BCAs van ser provats contra diversos patògens agents causals de GTDs, en hivernacle sota condicions controlades, i també durant el procés de propagació de la vinya en viver. Els resultats de l'anàlisi genòmica completa de Bs PTA-271 mostren un sistema funcional de motilitat d'eixam, una forta capacitat de supervivència i un conjunt de gens que codifiquen substàncies bioactivas conegudes per estimular el creixement o les defenses de les plantes, influir en la microbiota beneficiosa i contrarestar l'agressivitat dels patògens. Quan Bs PTA-271 es va provar contra Np BT67 en plantes empeltades d'hivernacle, Bs PTA-271 i Ta SC1 van demostrar que la cultivar contribueix als efectes beneficiosos de Bs PTA-271 i Ta SC1 contra Np-Bt67. L'aplicació simultània de tots dos BCAs va demostrar ser beneficiosa contra aquest patogen en vinyes del cultivar Ull de llebre. L'anàlisi transcriptómico de les mateixes mostres va mostrar àmpliament els canvis en la fisiologia de la planta induïts tant per Bs PTA-271 com per Ta SC1 per a protegir la vinya davant la infecció per Np-Bt67. En Chardonnay, les plantes infectades amb Np-Bt67 presenten gens sobreexpresados que estan implicats en les vies de senyalització de l'acidifique absicico (ABA). En Ull de llebre, la infecció amb Np-Bt67 provoca canvis d'expressió en més de 200 gens, relacionats sobretot amb la importació d'aminoàcids, processos relacionats amb el cloroplast i el fotosistema, respostes de la planta a estímuls biòtics i biosíntesis de metabòlits secundaris. La protecció de Bs PTA-271 en Chardonnay implica gens relacionats amb la biosíntesi d'ABA, les vies dels fenilpropanoides, els metabòlits secundaris, i l'estructura i organització de la paret cellular. La protecció de Ta SC1 en les plantes de Tempranilllo implica un major nombre de canvis, que abasten tant el metabolisme primari com el secundari, relacionats amb canvis en els senyals hormonals, com amb l'acid abcísic (ABA). Durant el procés de producció de la vinya en viver, els resultats van demostrar una reducció significativa del percentatge de plantes infectades amb els patògens associats a les malalties de decaïment per Botryosphaeria i Peu negre en el material de viver tractat amb Ta SC1 i Bs PTA-271 respectivament. Els tractaments simultanis amb tots dos BCAs van presentar una reducció en el percentatge de plantes infectades amb tots dos tipus de patògens. En provar l'efecte de Bs PTA-271 i Ta SC1 en el microbioma de la rizosfera de la vinya de dos sòls diferents infectats amb patògens del Peu negre, els resultats mostren que la inoculació dels BCAs sembla millorar les xarxes del microbioma de la rizosfera i l'estat de sanejament, no obstant això, l'efecte beneficiós dels BCAs pot ser dependent del sòl. En general, aquest estudi va aportar nous coneixements sobre l'ús d'un o més BCAs contra diversos patògens associats a les GTDs, tant en el viver com en vinyes adultes. A més, es va destacar la manera d'acció de tots dos BCAs en la protecció de la vinya. Per tant, aquestes troballes proporcionen, no sols una millor comprensió de les interaccions entre els BCAs, la vinya i els patògens, sinó que també són una forta contribució a una estratègia de gestió sostenible de les GTDs. / [EN] Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) plants are exposed to a wide variety of pathogens. Nowadays, grapevine fungal trunk diseases (GTDs) are amongst the main constraints for the productivity of this crop. Once infected, plant productivity is decreased, leading to a plant slow or apoplectic death. Investigation of biocontrol agents (BCAs) capable to forestall or at least to minimize the impact of GTDs, while being a sustainable treatment, is viewed as a research priority. One potential BCA was deeply characterized, and together with a biological commercial product, both BCAs were tested against several GTD pathogens, in greenhouse under controlled conditions, and during the grapevine propagation process. Results from the full genomic analysis of Bacillus subtilis PTA-271 (as BCA with a potential) show a functional swarming motility system, strong survival capacities and a set of genes encoding for bioactive substances known to stimulate plant growth or defenses, influence beneficial microbiota, and counteract pathogen aggressiveness. When tested against Neofusicoccum parvum Bt67 (thereafter Np-Bt67) in greenhouse cuttings, B. subtilis PTA-271 (Bs PTA-271) and T. atroviride SC1 (Ta SC1) proved that the cultivar contributes to their beneficial effects against Np-Bt67. The simultaneous application of both BCAs was further proved to be even more effective to protect Tempranillo cuttings. Moreover, the transcriptomic analysis from the same samples showed extensively the plant physiology changes induced by the pathogen but also by each BCA, Bs PTA-271 on Chardonnay and Ta SC1 on Tempranillo, to protect grapevine from Np-Bt67 infection. Thus, Chardonnay cuttings infected with Np-Bt67 showed overexpressed genes implicated on abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signaling pathways. In Tempranillo, the infection with Np-Bt67 leads to more substantial changes in gene expression, related mostly with amino acid import, chloroplast and photosystem related processes, plant responses to biotic stimulus, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Protection induced by Bs PTA-271 in Chardonnay targets genes related to ABA biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid pathways and secondary metabolites, and cell wall structure/organization in relationship with carbohydrate metabolism that requires much more consideration. Protection with Ta SC1 in Tempranilllo requires a larger number of changes related to transporters, cell wall integrity and extension, cell division and pathogen induced cell death, multidirectional active proteins, and microbiome interactions. During the grapevine nursery process, the results demonstrated a significant reduction on the percentage of infected plants with Botryosphaeria dieback and Black-foot pathogens in the material treated with Ta SC1 and Bs PTA-271 respectively. The simultaneous treatments with both BCAs presented a reduction on infected plants with both Botryosphaeria dieback and Black foot pathogens. When testing the effect of Bs PTA- 271 and Ta SC1 in grapevine rhizosphere microbiome of two different soil infected with Black foot pathogens, results show that the inoculation of BCAs seems to improve the rhizosphere microbiome networks and sanitation status, however, the beneficial effect of BCAs can be soil-dependent. Moreover, as observed in the other experiments, the combination of both BCAs improves their beneficial effect in the rhizosphere microbiome. Overall, this study brought new insights on the use of one or more BCAs against several GTD pathogens, from nursery to adult grapevines. Moreover, highlighted both BCAs mode of action in grapevine protection. Thus, these findings provide, not only a better understanding of BCAs, grapevine, and pathogens interactions, but are also a strong contribution for the future development of sustainable GTDs management strategies. / Cunha Maia Leal, CD. (2022). Sustainable Management of Grapevine Trunk Diseases in Vineyard: Deliver Biocontrol Agents and Associated Molecules [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/191261

The subject of my diploma thesis is a new-building of a municipal authority with a nursery school in Obora near Boskovice. The objects are statically and operationally separated from each other, but they formo ne unit. The building is located on the corner of the village in a flat terrain and thus forms the dominant feature of the village and a landmark. The target of the design was to create a building that will harmoniously connect to the surrounding buildings, public spaces and the school garden. The municipal authority has a rectangular floor plan, two-storey, basement, covered with a sloping roof, the building has a designed elevator. In the basement there are cellars of local associations, on the ground floor there is information center, a municipal library and on the first floor there is a municipal office with a registry office and a ceremonial hall. The attic can be used in the future for municipal apartments for rent. An official board with a public space is designed ahead of the municipal office. A photovoltaic power plant will be located on the roof of the municipal office. The nursery school has a trapezoidal floor plan, ground floor, no basement, covered with a vegetated flat roof. In the nursery school there is a children's day room with a storage room, storage of mattresses, teaching aids, food preparation, technical and hygienic facilities. The structural systém of both objects is longitudinal, wall. The underground part of the municipal office is designed in a white concrete tub system. The vertical load-bearing constructions are made from cut ceramic blocks. The horizontal constructions in the municipal office are monolithic, ferroconcrete, and in the nursery school they are prefabricated, ferroconcrete. The project was made in AutoCad software application, 3D model in 3D modelling computer program SketchUp.

Green Relationship is a design solution attempting to raise awareness toward the environment and reduce consumerism. Waste generation and pollution have become major concerns of many governments, municipalities, organizations and individuals around the world since they are affecting human wellbeing and the environment. As an MFA student with VCUQatar, I chose to use design to contribute in protecting the environment hoping to make a difference in life. The thesis includes a research and a design component. The research explores the recycling programs and facilities in Qatar, the governmental and private sector actions toward waste generation and collection, as well as precedent solutions applied around the world. Furthermore, it includes a survey on recycling to gather and analyze the community’s feed back in order to come up with a solution that aims to change people’s behavior toward waste generation and to promote green lifestyle. The design component defines the Green Relationship as the personal connection between the individual and the silent partner, “the environment.” It fulfills the basic survival needs, “food and water,” and the one and only independency need, “oxygen.” The elements of the Green Relationship are the projection of the generic relationships elements we know of through the theory of “Humimicing” that I introduce in my thesis. Humimicing is the design theory that mimics human innate attributes and behaviors to develop design concepts to be applied in different industries. Every element of the Green Relationship is visualized through a different design discipline similar to its nature. Therefore, interactive, product and critical designs are the mediums used to represent Green Communication, Care and Ethics respectively through public installation, experimentation and conceptual design definition. The thesis methodology, which is “Make it Personal,” concludes in creating the Green Relationship that aims to change the behavior of individuals and ultimately to reach out to the wider community. Under the maxim, “Green is not just a color; it is a Lifestyle,” the thesis promotes the use of design to inspire people, designers and manufacturers to consume less and generate less waste in order to save natural resources and the environment.