Submitted by Helena Bejio (helena.bejio@unioeste.br) on 2017-11-22T00:12:14Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dout_2016_Milciades_A_Melgarejo_Arrua.pdf: 1302276 bytes, checksum: 1218d793f41ce055d1de7ad72c7d013c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-22T00:12:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dout_2016_Milciades_A_Melgarejo_Arrua.pdf: 1302276 bytes, checksum: 1218d793f41ce055d1de7ad72c7d013c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / _CONACYT / Canola (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera) when grown at different spacings between rows and / or spacing between plants may favor maturation uniformity and increase productivity. Another important aspect of the crop is a definition of the adaptation period of sowing, which is of great importance to enable full growth, development and productivity. In order to generate information for the quality of a choice of canola hybrids more adapted as better sowing times and as better plant populations, three experiments were installed in which they were evaluated as agronomic characteristics and grain oil content. The experiments were conducted in the experimental area of the Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE) in Marechal Cândido Rondon-PR, in the years of 2013, 2014 and 2015. In the first experiment Hyola 61 canola hybrid was sown in different spacings between As lines and plant densities in the lines. The experimental design was used for randomized blocks, in arrangement of subdivided plots, with four replications. In the plots, row spacings (17, 34, 51 and 68 cm) were used and, in the subplots, plant densities (15, 30, 45 and 60 plants per square meter) were used. There is no second experiment for the canola generators Hyola 401, Hyola 76, Hyola 61, Hyola 433, Hyola 501, Hyola 571CL, Hyola 575CL, Hyola 474CL, Hyola 555TT, Hyola 656TT, Hyola 559TT, W8006 and H92002. The experimental design was used for randomized blocks with four replicates. As the plots were composed of four rows in 0.45 m, with 5 m in length, without weekly on May 8, 2015. There is no experience of five types of canola and two dates of sowing. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design (2x5), with four replications, with two sowing dates: April 28 and May 28, 2014, and April 20 and May 20, 2015. Five genotypes of canola: Hyola 76, Hyola 433, Hyola 61, Hyola 571 and Hyola 411. As plots were composed of six binders in 0.45 m with 5 m in length. Regarding the experiment with different row spacings and plant densities, in the year 2013, the average pods size per plant was 203 units, a corn mass of 3.8 grams and a mean productivity of 1290 kg ha-1. Significant interaction (p < 0.05) between spacing and density was observed for a plant height variable and number of grams per pod. In 2013, an average of 203 siliquas per plants were obtained. As early as 2014, the average number of pods was 126 units, with an average yield of 899 kg ha-1. Significant interaction (p < 0.05) was observed between the spacing and a density for a variable mass of corn and oil content. Regarding the experiment with 13 genera, significant differences were observed regarding the cycle (p ≤ 0.05) where the genotype Hyola 401, Hyola 50, Hyola 565TT and Hyola 559TT demonstrated the shortest cycle with 129 days and the mass of thousand grains where the genotypes Hyola 76, Hyola 571CL, Hyola 575CL, Hyola 474CL, Hyola 559TT, W8006 and H92002 obtained higher value. No significant differences were observed in the other variables analyzed by the Tukey test at 5% probability. The average grain yield of the tests was 1,518 kg ha-1 and a mean oil quality content of 42.45%. As agronomic characteristics and oil contents were not influenced by genetic tests. In the experiment with 5 genotypes of canola, in 2014, as sowing done on 05/28 obtained 31% more productivity, Hyola 411 obtained the average yield of 1,367 kg ha-1 of canola grains, being 25% higher The average of the other hybrids studied. Already, in 2015 the study with the same materials did not show significant differences in grain yield. 191 From Distr. From Distr. The average oil content on the grains was 39% and also did not detect significant differences between hybrids and time of sowing. / A canola (Brassica napus L. var. oleífera) quando cultivada em diferentes espaçamentos entre fileiras e/ou espaçamento entre as plantas pode favorecer a uniformidade de maturação e aumentar a produtividade. Outro aspecto importante na cultura é a definição da época adequada de semeadura, que é de grande importância para viabilizar o pleno crescimento, desenvolvimento e produtividade. Com o objetivo de gerar informações para embasar a escolha de híbridos de canola mais adaptados as melhores épocas de semeadura e as melhores populações de plantas, foram instalados três experimentos, nas quais foram avaliadas as características agronômicas e o teor de óleo dos grãos. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na área experimental da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE) em Marechal Cândido Rondon-PR, nos anos de 2013, 2014 e 2015. No primeiro experimento foi utilizado o hibrido de canola Hyola 61, semeado em diferentes espaçamentos entre as linhas e densidades de plantas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos ao acaso, em arranjo de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Nas parcelas, foram utilizados espaçamentos entre fileiras (17, 34, 51 e 68 cm) e nas subparcelas as densidades de plantas (15, 30, 45 e 60 plantas por m2). No segundo experimento foram avaliados os genótipos de canola Hyola 401, Hyola 76, Hyola 61, Hyola 433, Hyola 50, Hyola 571CL, Hyola 575CL, Hyola 474CL, Hyola 555TT, Hyola 656TT, Hyola 559TT, W8006 e H92002, utilizando delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram compostas por quatro fileiras espaçadas em 0,45 m, com 5 m de comprimento, semeadas no dia 8 de maio de 2015. Já no terceiro experimento foram avaliados cinco genótipos de canola e duas datas de semeadura. Foi utilizado delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas (2x5), com quatro repetições, sendo duas épocas de semeadura: 28/04 e 28/05 de 2014, e 20/04 e 20/05 de 2015 e cinco genótipos de canola: Hyola 76, Hyola 433, Hyola 61, Hyola 571 e Hyola 411. As parcelas foram compostas por seis fileiras espaçadas em 0,45 m com 5 m de comprimento. Com relação ao experimento com diferentes espaçamentos entre linhas e densidades de plantas, no ano 2013, o número médio de síliquas por planta foi de 203 unidades, a massa de mil grãos foi de 3,8 gramas e a produtividade média de 1290 kg ha-1. Foi observada interação significativa (p < 0,05) entre o espaçamento e a densidade, para a variável altura de plantas e número de grãos por síliquas. No ano 2013 foram obtidas a media de 203 síliquas por plantas. Já ano 2014, o número médio de síliquas foi de 126 unidades, a produtividade média foi de 899 kg ha-1. Foi observada interação significativa (p < 0,05) entre o espaçamento e a densidade para a variável massa de mil grãos e teor de óleo. Com relação ao experimento com 13 genótipos, foi observada diferenças significativas com relação ao ciclo (p ≤ 0,05) onde o genótipo Hyola 401, Hyola 50, Hyola 565TT e Hyola 559TT demostraram o ciclo mais curto com 129 dias e da massa de mil grãos na qual os genótipos Hyola 76, Hyola 571CL, Hyola 575CL, Hyola 474CL, Hyola 559TT, W8006 e H92002 obtiveram o maior valor. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas nas demais variáveis. A média do rendimento de grãos dos genótipos testados foi de 1518 kg ha-1 e a média de teor de óleo de grãos foram de 42,45 %. As características agronômicas e os teores de óleo não foram influenciados pelos genótipos testados. No experimento com 5 genótipos de canola, no ano de 2014, as semeaduras feitas em 28/05 obtiveram 31% a mais de produtividade, o Hyola 411 obteve o rendimento médio de 1.367 kg ha-1 de grãos de canola, sendo 25% superiores à média dos demais híbridos estudados. Já em 2015, o estudo com os mesmos materiais não evidenciou diferenças significativas de rendimento de grãos. Diferente ao encontrado para a produtividade de grãos entre híbridos, na safra 2015, não se detectou diferença significativa entre a semeadura em 20/04 ou 20/05. O teor médio de óleo nos grãos foi de 39% e também não se detectaram diferenças significativas entre híbridos e época de semeadura.

Orientador: José Euclides Stipp Paterniani / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T13:50:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arantes_CamilaClementina_D.pdf: 4835208 bytes, checksum: 827e110b33ce1ea934a1d6cffa0675f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Coagulantes naturais e sistemas de filtração em múltiplas etapas integram as tecnologias de tratamento de água indicadas para comunidades rurais ou isoladas. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar a potencialidade do uso do coagulante à base de sementes de Moringa oleifera na forma de sachês no tratamento de água por filtração. Sachês confeccionados com diferentes materiais (filtro de papel e geotêxtil sintético nãotecido com diferentes gramaturas), contendo 2,0 gramas de pó de sementes de Moringa oleifera, foram avaliados quanto à capacidade de dispersão de proteína e elevação da turbidez em água destilada ao longo de 24 horas. Posteriormente, em ensaios de clarificação de água com turbidez de 60,0 NTU foram testados sachês de filtro de papel contendo 0,6; 0,8 e 1,0 grama de pó em diferentes condições de dispersão (gradiente de velocidade de 10 e 20 s-1 por 30, 35 e 40 minutos). Em uma terceira etapa, sachês contendo 0,8 grama de pó foram testados em um sistema de filtração composto por pré-filtro ascendente e filtro lenta. Nos ensaios de dispersão da proteína constatou-se que os cinco tipos de sachês apresentaram potencial para uso, tendo sido adotado o sachê filtro de papel nas demais fases da pesquisa. Na sedimentação, verificou-se que os sachês contendo 0,8 e 1,0 grama de pó nas condições de dispersão 10 s-1 por 35 e 40 minutos e 20 s-1 por 30, 35 e 40 minutos não apresentam diferenças significativas quando comparados ao coagulante líquido. Nos ensaios de filtração houve diferenças significativas entre o uso do coagulante líquido e sachê no que se refere à redução de turbidez e cor aparente. Com o uso dos sachês o pré-filtro foi menos eficiente, tendo sido observadas reduções médias de turbidez igual 73,5% para o sachê e 82,5% para o coagulante líquido. No entanto, na filtração lenta a redução média de turbidez foi de 83,9% com o uso de sachês e de 60,2% para coagulante líquido. Para cor aparente foi constatado comportamento semelhante. Embora os sachês tenham apresentado potencial de uso quando se considera a redução de turbidez e cor aparente, a carreira de filtração teve menor duração nestes tratamentos. Desta forma conclui-se que o uso dos sachês pode ser recomendado, mas faz-se necessário o desenvolvimento de melhorias desta metodologia com o intuito de elevar a duração das carreiras de filtração / Abstract: Natural coagulants and filtration systems are suitable water treatment technologies in rural or isolated communities. This research aims to evaluate the potential use of the Moringa oleifera seeds in pouches as a coagulant for water treatment by filtration system. Pouchs made from different materials (filter paper and nonwoven fabrics) containing 2.0 g powdered Moringa oleifera seeds were evaluated for protein dispersion and increased turbidity in distilled water over 24 h. Subsequently pouches containing 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 g powder were tested for clarification of water turbidity in the range of 60.0 NTU. The dispersion conditions were velocity gradient of 10 and 20 s-1 by 30, 35, and 40 minutes. In a third stage, pouches containing 0.8 g powder were submitted to the filtration system formed for one up flow gravel pre-filter and one slow sand filter. In the protein dispersion test, it was found that the five types of pouches showed great potential to be used in water treatments, and the filter paper pouch was adopted in the other stages of the present research. For the sedimentation test, no significant differences were observed for the pouches containing 0.8 and 1.0 g powder when compared to liquid coagulant in the following dispersion conditions: 10 s-1 for 35 and 40 min, and 20 s-1 for 30, 35 and 40 min. In the filtration experiments significant differences were observed for the liquid coagulant and pouches regarding the reduction of turbidity and apparent color. Although the up flow gravel pre-filter was less effective with the use of pouches, with an average reduction of turbidity of 73.5 and 82.5% for the pouches and liquid coagulant, respectively, the effluent of the slow filter presented lower turbidity, with an average reduction of 83.9 and 60.1% for the pouches and liquid coagulant, respectively. For the parameter apparent color, an analogous behavior was observed. Although the pouches showed great potential to be used considering the reduction of turbidity and apparent color, the filtration run was shorter. Thus it is concluded that the use of pouches may be recommended, but it is necessary to develop improvements of this method in order to increase the duration of filtration run / Doutorado / Saneamento e Ambiente / Doutora em Engenharia Civil

Moringa oleifera Lam. is a tree with great potential as it is fast growing and drought tolerant. Amongst the tree’s multitude of benefits, it can also be used to produce a biodiesel fuel. However, prior to the establishment of commercial plantations, all cultivation aspects of this promising tree have to be understood. Temperature is a significant climatic factor influencing both geographical plant distribution and growth, and since M. oleifera trees are naturally found in tropical climates around the world, the extent of their adaptability to cooler climates was the main objective of this study. Trees were cultivated from seed and germinated in a controlled greenhouse environment at the Experimental Farm of the University of Pretoria. After germination, 50% of the seedlings were hardened-off by placing them outside under ambient growing temperatures, while the rest remained inside the greenhouse. With trial commencement, 132 of both the hardened and non-hardened seedlings were planted into 10 ℓ plastic bags and randomly placed into three temperature-controlled greenhouses, each with a different fluctuating night/day temperature regime namely; 10/20°C ± 2°C, 15/25°C ± 2°C and 20/30°C ± 2°C. In addition, half the trees within each temperature regime were treated with the growth regulator paclobutrazol to determine its effect on growth/flowering at different temperatures. During the 224-day trial period, biweekly measurements of tree height, stem diameter and leaf area estimates of each individual tree within all three temperature regimes were taken. Despite germination percentages being slightly higher at the low 10/20°C regime, the MGT, germination rate, uniformity and seedling growth were superior at the higher 20/30°C regime. The temperature induced seed dormancy at the 20/30°C regime, could be overcome by an incubation period at lower temperatures, as fewer instances of seed dormancy were observed at the 10/20°C regime. The increase in temperature resulted in significant (P≤0.05) growth rate increases of over 650% between the 10/20°C and 20/30°C and 250% between the 10/20°C and 15/25°C night/day temperature regimes. In addition, the 20/30°C temperature treatment, although fluctuative, consistently had the highest leaf area over the entire trial period. Hardening-off of trees during the seedling stage, significantly (P≤0.05) increased the final tree height by 3.09X, 1.44X and 1.23X, compared to their non hardened-off counterparts under the 10/20°C, 15/25°C and 20/30°C temperature regimes respectively. Leaf thickness decreased by a significant (P≤0.05) 43.1% with increase in temperature between the 10/20°C and 20/30°C regime, mostly due to a thinner mesophyll layer. The efficacy of paclobutrazol on M. oleifera growth was found to be temperature dependant, reducing growth at 10/20°C, while increasing growth at both the higher 15/25°C and 20/30°C regimes. Flowering however remained unaffected by paclobutrazol. The highest instances of flowering and pollen viability were observed at the 15/25°C regime. The absence of inflorescence induction at the 20/30°C regime was responsible for the reduced flowering, signifying the necessity of vernalization prior to flowering. Even though all the results confirm the preference of M. oleifera trees towards a tropical climate, satisfactory growth with possibly improved flowering during the hot summer months in certain sub-tropical climates is achievable. Copyright / Dissertation (MSc(Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Plant Production and Soil Science / unrestricted

La poudre des feuilles du Moringa oleifera, plante (sub-) tropicale utilisée dans la lutte contre la malnutrition à hauteur de 10 g par jour, a une richesse nutritionnelle exceptionnelle dont la lutéine, les vitamines liposolubles (E et A) et celles hydrosolubles (C, Bl, B2etB3). Mais certains méfaits sont associés aux excès des vitamines liposolubles, surtout la vitamine A, suivant la forme moléculaire ingérée et la concentration variable au cours du temps. Ainsi, cette étude se propose de connaître le contenu en certaines formes moléculaires de la vitamine A et en lutéine de la poudre des feuilles du Moringa oleifera conservée à température ambiante du début de la récolte jusqu'à six mois de conservation. Pour cela, une récolte sur des feuilles jeunes et matures a été faite sur quatre parties du terrain d'expérimentation de l'ISABU Moso en deux temps différents (juillet et août), séchées et mises en poudre, conservées dans des cartons imperméables aux U.V., analysées avec le protocole et la librairie des caroténoïdes INAF 2007 et comparée aux standards; ce qui a permis de révéler la lutéine, le P et le cis- P-carotène dont les concentrations élevées les premiers jours suivant la récolte ont été suivies mensuellement au cours de la conservation et montré une dégradation selon le mois de récolte et le degré de luminosité du terrain. Les concentrations initiales des nutriments et l'allure de leur dégradation dans ce matériel analytique permettrait de proposer un délai limite et de nouvelles quantités d'utilisation de ce complément alimentaire chez les enfants et les adultes en se référant aux doses quotidiennes recommandées selon la catégorie d'âge. De nouvelles normes d'utilisation sécuriseront plus le consommateur et une curiosité scientifique est suscitée au niveau des suppléments alimentaires d'origine végétale.

Thesis (Ph. D. Agric. (Plant Production)) --University of Limpopo, 2019 / Moringa oleifera is a multipurpose fast growing tree which is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world due to its numerous benefits. The benefits include medicinal use, industrial use, soil fertility, water purification, climate change mitigation as well as of nutritional value for humans and livestock. Recently, many areas globally have been rendered vulnerable to climate change as well as food insecurity. Climate change increases irregularities of rainfall and temperature patterns in semi-arid conditions. One practical way to address this challenge in the agricultural sector is to introduce more trees crop species which are found to be more tolerant than annual crops under harsh growing conditions. Moringa is one species that could be considered under variable climatic conditions for positive outcomes through climate change adaptation and mitigation as well as life sustenance against food insecurity threats. Production of moringa in South Africa is exclusively for leaf processing and consumption. To date, there is no documented information available about seed and oil yield production of moringa mainly in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. The aim of the study was to generate knowledge on moringa growth, nutritional composition, seed and oil yield production as well as its response to drought through gaseous exchange parameters, as influenced by plant density under diverse agro-ecological locations in Limpopo Province. The study was conducted in the Limpopo Province, South Africa, from November 2013 to January 2016. The study area falls within the semi-region which is characterized by low and erratic rainfall which predominately falls in summer as well as extremely low or high temperatures. A survey was conducted from November 2013 to September 2014 in five districts of the Limpopo Province. Focus group discussion, questionnaires and field observations were used for data collection. A total of 150 moringa growers formed part of the focus group and a questionnaire was administered to only thirty-one farmers, who constitute the population of farmers producing moringa within an area of 0.25 ha or more. A second study was conducted at two experimental sites in the Limpopo Province of northern part of South Africa to evaluate for the first time, the effect of plant density and cutting interval on biomass production and chemical composition of moringa grown under two diverse climatic conditions. Four different planting densities (435 000, 300 000, 200 000 and 100 000 plants/ha) were arranged in a randomized complete block design and experimental samples were replicated four times. A third study was conducted over two years to achieve additional objectives which included evaluation of gaseous exchange, biomass, seed, and oil yield. Untreated seeds of Moringa oleifera were used for establishing the trial at densities of 5 000, 2 500, 1 667 and 1 250 plants ha-1, with eight replicates. The same study was used to achieve the objective on gaseous exchange in comparison with other two naturally growing tree species of mopane (Colophospermum mopane) and marula (Sclerocarya birrea) trees growing within the moringa trial vicinity. The study was further used to evaluate the effect of planting density on biomass, grain, oil yield production and nutritional composition of Moringa oleifera trees. The last part of the study was carried out in the five districts of the Limpopo Province to determine the influence of soil physical and chemical properties on the nutritional composition of moringa leaves. The farms that were identified during the survey were also used to achieve other objectives of the study. In order to determine soil and leaf nutritional composition, soil samples were collected and analyzed for physical and chemical properties. The harvested leaves were dried at room temperature and their nutritional compositions were determined using standard methods. Findings from the studies revealed the following: The survey indicated that there are potential moringa farmers in all the districts of the province, with the intention to commercialize the tree. Majority of farmers grow moringa on 0.251.0 ha and have been producing the crop for the past 2 years. The study on planting density and cutting frequency revealed satisfactory nutritional composition in the leaves across the cutting frequencies and that, an increase in the plant density led to enhanced biomass production. The study on the monthly and seasonal gaseous exchange revealed significant differences in net photosynthetic rate, transpiration, sub-stomatal CO2 and stomatal conductance. However, planting densities of Moringa oleifera had no significant effect on all the gaseous exchange parameters measured. In a comparison of moringa with other tree species growing in the vicinity of moringa, the results differed significantly in gaseous exchange. The highest activity in photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E) and sub-stomatal CO2 (Ci), as well as higher stomatal density, was found in moringa. The findings from the biomass, seed yield and oil yield study showed that the increase in measured biomass, seed and oil yield increased with increasing planting density. However, seed oil concentration was non-significant. Findings from the ecology study revealed that moringa improved soil nutritional composition; mainly in areas where the trees were more than three years old as compared to control soils where moringa had not been planted. The soil nutritional composition differed with soil textural classes with the clay soils recording higher nutrient ion values. The study revealed that moringa can be produced in many locations of the Limpopo Province without negatively affecting leaf nutritional composition. Moringa leaves contain high level of nutrients even under marginal production areas irrespective of the planting density. A population of 5000 plants ha-1 can be used for seed and oil yield production where temperatures are favourable for improved farmers’ livelihoods. The results strongly showed with no doubt, the superiority of moringa in capturing more carbon among the three species. Moringa maintained good leaf yield even under drought condition, which is an indication of its potential to act as a good sink for carbon dioxide absorption. It can, therefore, be recommended for many parts of Limpopo Province for climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies and food security. KEY CONCEPTS: agro-ecology, biomass, climate change, commercialization, drought, food security, gas exchange, leaf chemical composition, location, Moringa oleifera, oil, seed, soil textural class, survey, trees, weather, yield

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:54:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BeatrizCS_DISSERT.pdf: 918722 bytes, checksum: b2749f09237c0c83efd7b3cc8847eed2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-08 / The current environmental crisis demands transformations in the relations among society, nature and development, considering sustainability. In this context, an important theme is replacing fossil fuels with biofuels, such as biodiesel. Moringa oleifera Lam. is a species that can be used as a raw material to produce biodiesel. Besides, it is a multiple purposes plant, which can be used also in water treatment. Thus, the aims of this work were to analyze the anatomical adaptations found in the stem and in the leaf and the seed s oil stores of M. oleifera., to investigate chemical characteristics of M. oleifera s seed oil, considering biodiesel production, and to evaluate the coagulation activity of these seeds in water treatment. Semipermanent histological laminas were made and it follows that the stem has thick cuticle, stomata whose cells guard are below the epidermis line, hollow medulla, druses and tector trichomes as adaptations to climate and soil conditions in which the species is found and the leaf is dorsiventral and it has thick cuticle, tector trichomes and druses. The seed has great reserves of oil. These features favor the use of Moringa oleifera Lam. as a raw material to produce biodiesel in Brazil s Northeast semiarid region. Chemical analysis were made through oil solvent extraction using mechanic stirrer. The oil was analyzed in UV spectrophotometer. A transesterification was made and biodiesel was analyzed in gas chromatography. Oil yield was high and good quality biodiesel was obtained. To evaluate seeds coagulantion activity, coagulation and flocculation essays in jartest were made, using seed extract to treat raw water. Seeds were efficient in cogulation process to treat water. So, they can be used in rudimentary systems or as a raw material to coagulant proteins extraction, as an alternative to traditional coagulants. M. oleifera has characteristics that favor its use to biodiesel production and water treatment / A crise ambiental que vivenciamos hoje exige que transformemos as rela??es entre sociedade, natureza e desenvolvimento, considerando a sustentabilidade. Nesse contexto, um dos principais temas ? a substitui??o de combust?veis f?sseis por biocombust?veis, como o biodiesel. Uma potencial oleaginosa a ser utilizada como matriz para produ??o de biodiesel ? Moringa oleifera Lam. (moringa), um vegetal de m?ltiplos usos que tamb?m pode ser utilizado para tratamento de ?gua. Assim, os objetivos deste trabalho foram: analisar as adapta??es anat?micas de caule e folha e as reservas ole?feras da semente de moringa, investigar caracter?sticas qu?micas do ?leo da semente de moringa, considerando a produ??o de biodiesel, e avaliar a fun??o coagulante dessas sementes no tratamento de ?gua. Foram confeccionadas l?minas histol?gicas semipermanentes, nas quais observou-se que o caule apresenta cut?cula espessa, est?matos abaixo da linha da epiderme, medula oca, drusas e tricomas tectores como adapta??es ?s condi??es edafoclim?ticas em que a esp?cie est? inserida, enquanto a folha ? dorsivental e possui cut?cula espessa, tricomas tectores e drusas. A semente, por sua vez, possui reservas ole?feras abundantes. Essas caracter?sticas favorecem o cultivo da moringa como matriz para produ??o de biodiesel no semi?rido nordestino. A avalia??o qu?mica foi realizada por meio de extra??o do ?leo com solvente via agita??o mec?nica e an?lise do ?leo em espectrofot?metro UV-Vis?vel. Foi feita a transesterifica??o do ?leo, com an?lise do biodiesel gerado por cromatografia gasosa. Obteve-se bom rendimento de ?leo e biodiesel de boa qualidade. Para avalia??o da atividade coagulante das sementes, foram realizados ensaios de coagula??o e flocula??o em jarteste, nos quais foi aplicado um extrato de sementes de moringa na ?gua a ser tratada. As sementes se mostraram eficientes no processo de coagula??o para tratamento de ?gua, podendo ser utilizadas diretamente em sistemas rudimentares de tratamento ou servindo como mat?ria-prima para a extra??o de prote?nas coagulantes a serem utilizadas em larga escala, como alternativas aos coagulantes tradicionais. Conclui-se que M. oleifera possui caracter?sticas que favorecem sua utiliza??o para as fun??es associadas de produ??o de biodiesel e tratamento de ?gua

PAULA, Paulo Carvalho de. Propriedade hipoglicemiante, hipocolesterolêmica e antioxidante de proteínas de folhas de Moringa oleifera Lam. 2012. 131 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Bioquímica) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2012. / Submitted by Eric Santiago (erichhcl@gmail.com) on 2016-06-27T13:58:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_pcpaula.pdf: 1990621 bytes, checksum: eca00b313255b123d7e0371df4b0233f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-08-02T20:10:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_pcpaula.pdf: 1990621 bytes, checksum: eca00b313255b123d7e0371df4b0233f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-02T20:10:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_pcpaula.pdf: 1990621 bytes, checksum: eca00b313255b123d7e0371df4b0233f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Moringa oleifera is a plant native to northeastern India widely used in Indian folk medicine due to its various pharmacological properties. Ethnopharmacological studies have demonstrated that compounds derived from parts of this plant, especially leaves, have hypoglycemic activity in diabetic animal models and in humans, allowing its use in folk medicine. The hypoglycemic action of M. oleifera leaves has been attributed to compounds from plant secondary metabolism, however studies showing the involvement of proteins as antidiabetic substances are scarce. The aim of this study was to obtain a protein fraction of M. oleifera leaves and evaluate its hypoglycemic effects on diabetic animal models. For this, the leaf proteins were extracted followed by ammonium sulfate precipitation (0-90%). After exhaustive dialysis, this material was lyophilized to obtain the protein fraction named Mo-PFL. As experimental animal model, alloxan-induced diabetic mice were used. Initially Mo-PFL was intraperitoneally administered at doses of 100, 300 and 500 mg/Kg body weight. The dose of 500 mg/Kg body weight was more effective in reducing blood glucose after 1, 3 and 5 hours of Mo-PFL administration. This hypoglycemic effect was not observed by the intragastric route. This effect was also reduced when boiled Mo-PFL was intraperitoneally administered. Daily intraperitoneal administration of Mo-PFL at a dose of 500 mg/Kg body weight for 20 days caused a significant reduction in blood glucose level and also exerted antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic effects. Electrophoretic pattern of Mo-PFL showed a variety of protein bands, which were susceptible to in vitro pepsin and trypsin digestion. A Dot Blot immunoassay showed cross reactivity between human anti-insulin antibody and Mo-PFL, suggesting the presence of insulin-like epitopes in M. oleifera leaf protein. Overall, these data show that some proteins derived from M. oleifera leaves may contribute to the hypoglycemic effect observed in the present work. / Moringa oleifera Lam. é uma planta nativa do nordeste da Índia muito utilizada na medicina popular devido às suas várias propriedades farmacológicas. Estudos etnofarmacológicos têm demonstrado atividade hipoglicemiante de compostos oriundos de partes dessa planta, principalmente de suas folhas, em modelos de animais diabéticos e, também, em humanos, embasando sua utilização na medicina popular para o tratamento do diabetes. A ação hipoglicemiante de compostos de folhas de M. oleifera tem sido creditada a componentes oriundos do metabolismo secundário vegetal, sendo escassos trabalhos abordando a participação de proteínas nessa ação farmacológica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter uma fração proteica a partir de folhas de M. oleifera e verificar seu efeito hipoglicemiante em modelos de animais diabéticos. Para isso, foi realizada extração de proteínas a partir de folhas de M. oleifera, seguida de precipitação com sulfato de amônio (0-90%). Após diálise exaustiva, o material foi liofilizado para obtenção da fração proteica denominada Mo-FPF. Como modelo de animal experimental, foram utilizados camundongos com diabetes quimicamente induzido por aloxano. Inicialmente, doses de 100, 300 e 500 mg/Kg de peso corpóreo de Mo-FPF foram administradas intraperitonealmente, tendo sido a dose de 500 mg/Kg de peso corpóreo a mais efetiva na redução glicêmica após 1, 3 e 5 horas da administração. Tal efeito hipoglicemiante não foi verificado pela rota intragástrica. Além disso, esse efeito sofreu redução quando Mo-FPF foi previamente fervida e administrada por via intraperitoneal. Mo-FPF, administrada diariamente pela rota intraperitoneal, na dose de 500 mg/Kg, durante 20 dias, resultou em redução glicêmica, além de ter exercido efeito hipocolesterolemiante e antioxidante. O perfil eletroforético de Mo-FPF mostrou uma diversidade de bandas proteicas, que foram suscetíveis à ação da pepsina e tripsina em ensaio de digestibilidade in vitro. Através de imunoensaio por Dot Blot, foi verificada reação cruzada entre o anticorpo anti-insulina humana e Mo-FPF, sugerindo a existência de epítopos antigênicos do tipo insulina em proteínas de folhas de M. oleifera. Assim, o conjunto de dados obtidos mostra que proteínas oriundas de folhas de M. oleifera contribuem para o efeito hipoglicemiante demonstrado neste trabalho.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PatriciaGSL.pdf: 4325839 bytes, checksum: ed5182708cd9548f2c8eca5937447cd6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This work aims to investigate the process of Dissolved air Flotation (DAF) for clarifying water samples with low turbidity using aluminum sulphate and Moringa oleifera seeds as coagulants. The experimental procedure was carried out in a bench scale flotation unit. The influences on the pre-treatment conditions (coagulant dosage and flocculation time) and flotation parameters (superficial application rate and recirculation rate) were evaluated considering the efficiency of the process. The efficiency was evaluated by determining the turbidity of the untreated and treated water samples. The results obtained showed that turbidity reduction can be obtained very efficiently by using DAF and the latter coagulant in low turbidity water. Using aluminum sulphate in pH?s 5.0 and 6.0 better efficiencies were obtained with low concentrations (15 mg/L), achieving values of 92% of turbidity reduction. In the case of use of Moringa oleifera better efficiencies of reduction of turbidity were reported when using a concentration of 50 mg/L in all range of pH?s, achieving 86% of reduction. The zeta potential was also determined, in an attempt to aid comprehension of the coagulation mechanisms involved. The coagulation mechanisms with Moringa oleifera seeds were shown to be adsorption and charge neutralization, as well as adsorption and bridging. Concerning aluminum sulphate, the predominant mechanisms are adsorption and charge neutralization and enmeshment in a precipitate. The results indicate that for low turbidity water, Moringa oleifera seeds could potentially be a viable substitute for aluminum sulphate / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar o processo da flota??o por ar dissolvido sob press?o - FAD para clarifica??o de ?guas com baixa turbidez utilizando sulfato de alum?nio e sementes de Moringa oleifera como coagulantes. O procedimento experimental foi realizado em uma unidade de flota??o em escala de bancada. Foram avaliadas as influ?ncias das condi??es do pr?-tratamento (dosagem de coagulante e tempo de flocula??o) e par?metros de processo da flota??o (taxa de aplica??o superficial e taxa de recircula??o) na efici?ncia do processo. A efici?ncia foi avaliada pela determina??o de turbidez nas amostras de ?gua bruta e tratada. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que elevadas efici?ncias de redu??o da turbidez podem ser conseguidas com o uso da FAD em ?guas com baixa turbidez utilizando estes coagulantes. Para o sulfato de alum?nio, nos pHs 5,0 e 6,0 as melhores efici?ncias foram alcan?adas com baixas dosagens (15 mg/L), alcan?ando valores de at? 92% de redu??o. Para a Moringa oleifera, as melhores efici?ncias de redu??o de turbidez foram ? dosagem aproximada de 50 mg/L para todos os pHs, alcan?ando valores de 86% de redu??o. Determinou-se tamb?m o potencial zeta, com o objetivo de auxiliar na compreens?o dos mecanismos envolvidos na coagula??o. Os mecanismos de coagula??o com sementes de Moringa oleifera indicam ser adsor??o e neutraliza??o de cargas e adsor??o e forma??o de pontes. No que diz respeito ao sulfato de alum?nio os mecanismos predominantes s?o adsor??o e neutraliza??o de cargas e varredura. Os resultados indicam que para ?guas de baixa turbidez, as sementes de Moringa oleifera podem ser um substituto potencialmente vi?vel em rela??o ao sulfato de alum?nio

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:08:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Driano Rezende.pdf: 778367 bytes, checksum: 7597f1358aac607cb4a419129f60518b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of groundwater in the region of Maringá - PR and reduction of nitrate ion with extract of seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. For this, 38 groundwater sources samples, distributed in Maringá-PR were collected. These samples were sent to the laboratory management control and environmental preservation of the State University of Maringa, where they were subjected to physicochemical analysis. Once evaluated, it was possible to locate sources contaminated with nitrate at different concentrations, some of these (water samples containing 10, 25, 45 and 60 mg L-1 NO3-) were used to evaluate the removal of this ion in jar test equipment, treatment by coagulation / flocculation with the aid of the crude extract of Moringa oleifera Lam seeds (saline and aqueous solutions) (MO). These tests allowed to observe the behavior that the extract exerts MO in different concentrations of nitrate in groundwater. Finally, was evaluated the nitrate íon removal by coagulation / flocculation in jar test equipment combined with filtration tests (two slow domestic filters),it was compared with the filtration of groundwater in natura (without contact with coagulants). Results of the evaluation of groundwater quality in this region have shown risks to human health. The treatment of coagulation / flocculation with Moringa oleifera Lam removed nitrate up to 67% and 87% with the aqueous and saline extracts, respectively. The use of MO seeds extract was satisfactory to removal nitrate íon, however, it was observed that the higher the dosage of the seeds extract, increased the final turbidity (NTU over 30). Combined treatments with slow domestic filters were used to remove the residual turbidity after coagulation / flocculation, however, combined treatment did not meet the Ordinance of the Ministry of Health No. 2914, 2011 for the parameters studied. The best results were obtained in treatment of groundwater in natura with domestic filters, without coagulants, with residual of 40 mgL-NO3- and turbidity between 0 and 1 NTU. This study demonstrated that it is possible to remove nitrate using Moringa oleifera lam seeds extract, however, was observed increased turbidity in reaction becoming a not potable source water. Thus, more research is needed, evaluating different techniques in the active principle extraction present in these seeds to removal of nitrate íon in groundwater. / O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi avaliar a qualidade da água subterrânea da região de Maringá PR com maior atenção à concentração de nitrato e estudar a redução deste íon com extrato bruto de sementes da planta Moringa oleífera Lam. A água subterrânea foi avaliada por meio de amostragens em 38 fontes de água subterrânea, distribuídas na região de Maringá-PR. Estas amostras foram encaminhadas ao laboratório de gestão controle e preservação ambiental da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, onde foram submetidas às análises físico-químicas. Depois de avaliada, foi possível localizar fontes contaminadas com nitrato em diferentes concentrações, algumas destas (amostras de água contendo 10, 25, 45 e 60 mg L-1 de NO3-) foram utilizadas para avaliar a remoção deste íon em equipamento jar test, tratamento por coagulação/floculação com auxílio do extrato bruto das sementes de Moringa oleífera Lam (soluções salina e aquosa) (MO). Estes ensaios possibilitaram observar o comportamento que o extrato de MO exerce em diferentes concentrações de nitrato presente em águas subterrâneas. Por último, foi avaliada a remoção de nitrato por coagulação/floculação em equipamento jar test combinado a ensaios de filtração (dois filtros lentos domésticos), comparados com a filtração da água subterrânea in natura (sem contato com coagulantes) nestes filtros. Os resultados da avaliação da qualidade da água subterrânea na região demonstraram riscos à saúde humana, principalmente por nitrato. O tratamento de coagulação/floculação com a Moringa oleifera Lam removeu nitrato em até 67% e 87% com o extrato aquoso e extrato salino, respectivamente. A utilização dos extratos das sementes de MO foi satisfatória para a remoção do nitrato de águas subterrâneas da região, no entanto, foi observado que, quanto maior a dosagem do extrato das sementes, maior a turbidez final (acima de 30 NTU). Os tratamentos combinados com filtros domésticos lentos foram empregados a fim de remover a turbidez residual após o processo de coagulação/floculação, entretanto, os tratamentos combinados não atenderam à Portaria do Ministério da Saúde nº 2914 de 2011 para os parâmetros estudados. Os melhores resultados nos filtros domésticos foram obtidos com a filtração da água subterrânea in natura, sem contato com coagulantes, que atenderam os padrões de potabilidade, com maior residual de 40 mg L- de NO3- e turbidez entre 0 e 1 NTU. O presente estudo demonstrou que é possível remover nitrato utilizando extrato bruto das sementes da planta Moringa oleifera Lam, no entanto, foi observado o aumento da turbidez no meio reacional, o que inviabilizou o uso para fins potáveis. Assim, são necessárias novas pesquisas, em especial diferentes técnicas na extração do princípio ativo presente nestas sementes para remoção de nitrato em águas subterrâneas.

Pumice and the Moringa oleifera (MO) seed were investigated as alternative natural materials for drinking water treatment based on problems identified at the Stretta Vaudetto water treatment plant in Eritrea. Lab and pilot scale studies showed that pumice was a suitable alternative material for dual media filtration. Conversion of the sand filters at Stretta Vaudetto to pumice-sand media would significantly improve performance of the filtration units. The coagulant protein from the MO seed was purified in a single-step ion exchange purification method. The parameters for batch purification were optimized that can be readily scaled up. This will promote its use in water treatment. A small volume coagulation assay method was developed that simplified and expedited the coagulation activity experiments. MO coagulant protein (MOCP) possessed considerable coagulation and sludge conditioning properties as alum. It also showed antimicrobial effects against bacteria, some of which are antibiotic resistant. The coagulation and antimicrobial properties of MOCP render it important in water treatment.