Purpose: We determined the indication, outcome and risk factors of single and multiple hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(s) (HSCT) in children and adolescents mostly with advanced disease. Methods: Forty-one out of 483 patients (8.5%; median age 9 years) diagnosed at the University of Leipzig with haematological and oncological diseases required HSCT from 1999 to 2011. Results: Patients had overall survival (OS) of 63±10% and 63±16%, event-free survival (EFS) of 57±10% and 42±16%, relapse incidence (RI) of 39±10% and 44±18% and non-relapse mor-tality (NRM) of 4±4% and 13±9% at 10-years after one or more HSCT for allogeneic and autologous HSCT, respectively. One patient in complete remission (CR)1 and five with advanced disease received two HSCT. Four of the six patients maintained/achieved CR for a median of 13 months. Three died of progression and one of NRM. Two patients had a third HSCT and one survived in CR +231 days after HSCT. Risk factors for OS and EFS were disease stage at HSCT and EBMT risk-score. Center (paediatric or JACIE accredited paediatric/adult) was not a determinant for survival. Conclusion: Paediatric single and multiple HSCT are important curative approaches for high-risk malignant diseases with low NRM. Efforts to reduce high RI remain the major aim.

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The text-guided diffusion model GLIDE (Guided Language to Image Diffusion for Generation and Editing) is the state of the art in text-to-image generative artificial intelligence (AI). GLIDE has rich representations, but medical applications of this model have not been systematically explored. If GLIDE had useful medical knowledge, it could be used for medical image analysis tasks, a domain in which AI systems are still highly engineered towards a single use-case. Here we show that the publicly available GLIDE model has reasonably strong representations of key topics in cancer research and oncology, in particular the general style of histopathology images and multiple facets of diseases, pathological processes and laboratory assays. However, GLIDE seems to lack useful representations of the style and content of radiology data. Our findings demonstrate that domain-agnostic generative AI models can learn relevant medical concepts without explicit training. Thus, GLIDE and similar models might be useful for medical image processing tasks in the future - particularly with additional domain-specific fine-tuning.

Purpose: We determined the indication, outcome and risk factors of single and multiple hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(s) (HSCT) in children and adolescents mostly with advanced disease. Methods: Forty-one out of 483 patients (8.5%; median age 9 years) diagnosed at the University of Leipzig with haematological and oncological diseases required HSCT from 1999 to 2011. Results: Patients had overall survival (OS) of 63±10% and 63±16%, event-free survival (EFS) of 57±10% and 42±16%, relapse incidence (RI) of 39±10% and 44±18% and non-relapse mor-tality (NRM) of 4±4% and 13±9% at 10-years after one or more HSCT for allogeneic and autologous HSCT, respectively. One patient in complete remission (CR)1 and five with advanced disease received two HSCT. Four of the six patients maintained/achieved CR for a median of 13 months. Three died of progression and one of NRM. Two patients had a third HSCT and one survived in CR +231 days after HSCT. Risk factors for OS and EFS were disease stage at HSCT and EBMT risk-score. Center (paediatric or JACIE accredited paediatric/adult) was not a determinant for survival. Conclusion: Paediatric single and multiple HSCT are important curative approaches for high-risk malignant diseases with low NRM. Efforts to reduce high RI remain the major aim.:Bibliographic description 3 Introduction: 4 Infections 6 Veno-occlusive disease (VOD) 7 Graft rejection 7 Graft-versus Host Disease (GvHD) 8 Non-relapse mortality (NRM) 9 Relapse of the underling disease 9 Indications for HSCT 10 HSCT in Children. 10 Research questions: 12 Publication 13 Discussion 22 Future developments 25 References 26 Abbreviations 28 Summary 29 Zusammenfassung 33 Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung der Arbeit 38 Curriculum vitae 39 Acknowledgement 42