published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

The following thesis concerns the conceptualization of openness within the open access movement. Open accesscan be understood as a phenomenon or a movement that aims at changing the current system of scholarly communication.Consequentially, the movements goals arose in relation to the escalating serials crisis in scholarly communicationand the increasing power of commercial publishers. The purpose of the thesis is to study three centralopen access declarations with the aim of uncovering the different conceptualizations of openness found withinthese texts. Leaning on the theoretical position known as actor-network theory, the declarations role within a surroundingnetwork is explored by focusing on how openness as a concept has been produced and reproduced bycentral actors. Two overarching questions frames the study: How is openness conceptualized within the declarations?And how can openness, as a concept, be understood as an effect generated by a larger network?The first part of the study focuses on the first question. In order to provide an answer I have conducted athematically structured text analysis of the declarations. The results of this part show that openness, in relation toopen access, is part of a discourse where research is considered a public good. I claim that this indicates thatopenness is related to the larger questions of information freedom and the enclosure of intellectual commons.The purpose of openness is described within the declarations as contributing to mechanisms of decentralized controlover information, which in itself generates a greater efficiency and lower costs in regards to scholarly communication.The second part of the study is concerned with the larger, overarching network and in what way the conceptualizationof openness can be seen as a network generated effect. To answer this question I deploy the theoreticaltools provided by ANT. Focus lies on how the declarations relate to each other and on how central actors havecontributed to the conceptualizations. The results show that openness and open access has shifting meanings thathave been modified in various ways. They also show that actors through a collective negotiation process defineand shape the meaning of openness by circulating ideas on electronic dissemination and distributed processes

The problem of this study was to analyze the role of the principal in open plan elementary schools in Texas. The analysis was limited to the principals' perception of their role in these schools.

The problem of this study was to assess and compare selected student and environmental variables in seven open-area elementary schools carefully matched with seven traditionally-constructed elementary schools on eight different criteria. The hypotheses were formulated to carry out the following four purposes of the study: 1. To determine the differences between the achievement test scores in reading, language, and mathematics of students attending open-area elementary schools and scores of similar students attending traditionally-constructed elementary schools, as measured by the California Achievement Test and the Comprehensive Tests of Basic Skills administered in grades one, two, and three. 2. To determine if there was greater individualization of instruction in open-area elementary schools as measured by the Individualization of Instruction Inventory. 3. To determine if students attending open-area elementary schools evidenced a greater number of positive actions toward school, as indicated by attendance, number of acts of vandalism, and number of suspensions from school shown in official records of the school district.

The first purpose of this study is to determine whether significant differences exist among the perceptions of principals, librarians, and teachers with respect to the following categorical practices or conditions relative to the learning-center concept in open-space elementary schools: (1) teacher preparation for use of the learning center; (2) student preparation for use of the learning center; (3) learning center personnel and their role; (4) operation of the learning center; (5) facilities, materials, and equipment in the learning center; (6) use of the learning center for individualizing learning; and (7) use of the learning center for developing independent learning skills. The second purpose of this study is to determine whether a significant correlation exists among specific categories. The third purpose of this study is to establish the degree of emphasis placed upon various practices or conditions relative to the learning-center concept in open-space elementary schools of Texas.

The purpose of this study was to determine the various values that can be found in teachers of an open school system and how those values differed among various teacher groups within the school. The value systems (Tribalistic, Egocentric, Conformist, Manipulative, Sociocentric, and Existential) were based on the "Levels of Psychological Existence" developed by Clare W. Graves. A values test was utilized in order to collect data. The "Values for Teaching Test" was administered to 492 teachers and staff members of the school district. Specific hypotheses regarding value differences in selective teachers and staff groups were tested. The results were significant on the following levels-- existential, sociocentric, and conformist with relation to grade level taught, educational job profile, and sex of the respondent.

Using the 1990, 1994 and 1998 Congressional mid-term elections, this study looks at whether the type of primary system in a person's state has an effect on whether or not that person will vote in the general election. The five types of primary systems (closed, semi-closed, semiopen, open and blanket) are explained as well as traditional factors for likelihood of voting. It is hypothesized that the more closed the primary system, the less likely a person is to vote. Data analysis shows that when significant, living in an open primary state does significantly increase the likelihood that a person will vote. However, primary type was significant in only six of the nine models studied here.

Esta dissertação tem por objetivo apresentar as licenças de software livre mais importantes, sob a luz dos seus principais aspectos jurídicos e da inter-compatibilidade, de forma a auxiliar pessoas envolvidas no desenvolvimento de software a compreender as implicações destas licenças ao fazer uso delas em seus projetos. A dissertação contextualiza as licenças, tanto no tocante à legislação brasileira, quanto no que diz respeito às restrições de licenciamento, de forma a viabilizar a análise de compatibilidade que se segue. Casos de projetos proeminentes de software livre cujo desenvolvimento foi afetado pelas implicações mencionadas ilustram a investigação, que é complementada por uma análise de ferramentas e metodologias existentes que auxiliam na gestão dos aspectos de licenciamento. / The purpose of this Master thesis is to present the most common free software licenses, regarding their main legal and inter-compatibility aspects, to help people involved in software development understand the implications of these licenses when using them in their projects. It contextualizes the licenses, both in terms of the Brazilian legislation, and regarding licensing restrictions, to make the subsequent compatibility analysis possible. Cases of free and open source software in which development was affected by the mentioned implications illustrate the research, and it is complemented by an analysis of existing tools and methodologies that assist in the management of licensing issues.

O objeto central desta pesquisa é o termo \"Maker Innovation\", uma síntese de estratégias \"makers\", tornando-as legíveis, replicáveis e contextualizadas dentro de um processo de Inovação pelo Design. Este conceito foi alcançado através do estudo qualitativo: (1) das práticas abertas provenientes do \"Open Design\" e conceitos relacionados, (2) dos ambientes colaborativos do tipo Fab Lab, e (3) das ações de indivíduos intitulados \"makers\". Ambos estão fazendo emergir um novo sistema, o chamado Ecossistema Maker. / The central object of this research is the term \"Maker Innovation\", a synthesis of \"maker\" strategies, presented in a readable, replicable and contextualized manner within a process of Innovation by Design. This concept was achieved through qualitative study of open practices from: (1) the \"Open Design\" and re¬lated concepts, (2) collaborative environments like Fab Lab and (3) the actions of individuals entitled \"makers\". Both are bringing out a new system, called Ecosystem Maker.

Submitted by Karen Britto (karenbritto@unipampa.edu.br) on 2018-06-05T15:06:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Walter Marçal Paim Leães Junior - 2018.pdf: 1336171 bytes, checksum: 789c9ba76662fa1acb0dbd3961126b0d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-05T15:06:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Walter Marçal Paim Leães Junior - 2018.pdf: 1336171 bytes, checksum: 789c9ba76662fa1acb0dbd3961126b0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-27 / O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar possibilidades de inovação aberta nas iniciativas que visam promover a abertura de dados públicos, em formato aberto. Para atender ao objetivo, identificaram-se os possíveis benefícios e as possíveis barreiras inerentes às iniciativas de Dados Governamentais Abertos no contexto brasileiro; verificaram-se quais fatores podem incentivar as práticas de coprodução para viabilizar a inovação aberta; verificaram-se quais resultados obtiveram-se oriundos das possíveis práticas de coprodução; recomendaram-se ações que pudessem promover maior coprodução e possivelmente inovação aberta em processos advindos da abertura de dados governamentais. Este trabalho apresentou a seguinte questão de pesquisa: Como as iniciativas de Dados Governamentais Abertos, no contexto brasileiro, podem contribuir para o processo de inovação aberta do setor público? Como suporte teórico, abordaram-se os temas: dados governamentais abertos, inovação, inovação aberta, coprodução e inovação no Setor Público, que ocorreu por intermédio de um estudo de caso. E, para a coleta de dados, realizaram-se entrevistas com atores ligados ao tema e análise de artefatos tecnológicos. Os resultados revelam, como possíveis benefícios da abertura dos dados governamentais, o aumento da participação dos cidadãos, a melhora no desenvolvimento de políticas públicas e a possibilidade de desenvolvimento de serviços inovadores. Identificou-se a promoção de Hackathons pelo governo como estratégia para promover a coprodução. Com relação aos incentivos para o cidadão coproduzir com o governo, os resultados apontam para a predominância de incentivos intangíveis, como a satisfação em contribuir com o governo. Verificaram-se, como principais objetivos para o governo, promover à coprodução a possibilidade de aproveitar a inteligência coletiva da sociedade para desenvolvimento de soluções para problemas e inovações. Nesse sentido, verificou-se a capacidade dos DGA em promover a coprodução entre governo e sociedade viabilizando a inovação aberta. Entretanto, identificaram-se barreiras a serem superadas para que esse processo se desenvolva. / The present study aims to identify possibilities for open innovation in initiatives that aim to promote and standardize the openness of public data, in an open format. In order to meet the objective: the possible benefits and possible barriers inherent to Open Data government initiatives in the Brazilian context were identified; and can be encouraged as coproduction practices to enable open innovation; it was verified what results were obtained from the coproduction practices; It is recommended actions that contribute to the accomplishment of coproduction and possibly innovation in processes arising from the opening of government data. This paper presents the following research question: How can Open Government Data initiatives, in the Brazilian context, contribute to the open innovation process of the public sector? As a theoretical contribution, the following themes were addressed: open government data, innovation, open innovation, coproduction and innovation in the Public Sector. Through a case study, for purpose of data collection, interviews were conducted with actors related to the topic and analysis of technological artifacts (softwares and / or applications). The results are welcome from the opening of the data, an improvement in the development of public policies and a possibility of development of innovative services. A promotion of Hackathons by the government was identified as a strategy to promote coproduction. With regard to incentives for the citizen to co-produce with the government, the results point to the predominance of intangible incentives, such as a satisfaction in contributing to the government. The main objectives for the government for coproduction were the possibility of taking advantage of the collective intelligence of society for the development of solutions to problems and innovations. In this sense, check the ability of the DGA to promote a coproduction between government and society, enabling an open innovation. However, barriers have been identified to be overcome in order for this process to develop.