Telefonrådgivning är en vanlig vårdform. I en alltmer medicinskt och tekniskt utvecklad ögonsjukvård efterfrågas ögonsjuksköterskornas omvårdnadskompetens av både patienter, anhöriga och kollegor inom andra delar av sjukvården. Syftet med studien var att undersöka ögonsjuksköterskors upplevelser av att använda sin specifika omvårdnadskunskap vid telefonrådgivning inom ögonsjukvård. Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ metod och data samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Materialet analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet visade att ögonsjuksköterskorna upplevde arbetet som utvecklande och utmanande. De såg sig själva som en lots i vården med en stor rådgivande funktion relaterat till sin specifika kunskap. De beskrev också en del svårigheter med att triagera via telefon. De önskade bättre bedömningsunderlag men var dock trygga med sina bedömningar och någon rädsla för anmälningar till tillsynsmyndighet framkom inte. De uttryckte även ett behov av utbildning inom samtalsmetodik. Ögonsköterskorna saknade tid för kollegiala reflektioner för att utveckla sin professionella hållning i arbetet med telefonrådgivningen / Telephone counseling is a common form of care. In an increasing medical and technical development in ophthalmological care is ophthalmic nurses skills demanded by both patients, relatives and colleagues in other areas of health care. The purpose of this study was to examine the eye nurses experiences of telephone counseling in ophthalmology. The study was conducted using a qualitative approach and data were collected through semi-structured interview. The material was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The results showed that eye nurses were confident and proud of their professional role. They experienced the work as fun, stimulating and challenging. They saw themselves as a pilot in the care of a large advisory role related to their specific knowledge. They also described some difficulties in triagera by phone. They wanted better assessment documentation but was confident in their assessments and any fear of notifications to the regulator were not revealed. They also expressed a need for training in counseling skills. Ophthalmic nurses lacked the time for collegial reflection to develop their professional attitude in the work of telephone counseling.

Telefonrådgivning är en av arbetsuppgifterna för ögonsjuksköterskor, men studier om telefonrådgivning inom ögonsjukvård är begränsat. Syftet var att beskriva ögonsjuksköterskors upplevelser av användandet av beslutsstöd vid telefonrådgivning. Metoden var kvalitativ beskrivande. Sex ögonsjuksköterskor vid tre olika ögonkliniker intervjuades. Data analyserades enligt kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet gav huvudkategorierna kunskapskälla vid behov, stöd i yrkesrollen, brister i beslutsstödet och god vårdkvalitet ur ett patientperspektiv. Ögonsjuksköterskorna var positiva till användandet av beslutsstöd vid oerfarenhet av arbetsuppgiften samt vid sällan förekommande och komplexa situationer. Användandet av beslutsstöd upplevdes underlätta prioritering och samordning av vårdinsatser vilket upplevdes leda till god vårdkvalitet ur ett patientperspektiv och en känsla av trygghet. Beslutsstödet underlättade kommunikationen med andra vårdenheter och vårdsökande. Det upplevdes inte täcka alla situationer utan uttrycktes behövdes utvecklas och uppdateras kontinuerligt. Aktivt lyssnande och tänkande i kombination av erfarenhet och kunskap ansågs vara viktiga komponenter vid telefonrådgivning. Vidareutveckling och förbättring av de beslutsstöd som används idag är av betydelse. / Telephone counseling is one of the tasks in ophthalmic nursing and research within this area was found inadequate. The aim was to describe the ophthalmic nurses’ experiences of using a decision making system in when counseling. The method was a descriptive qualitative de sign. Six ophthalmic nurses at three different eye clinics were interviewed. The data were analyzed according to qualitative content analysis. The result was four categories: a source of knowledge source if needed, supportive to the professional role, deficiencies in decision system and good quality of care from a patient perspective. Ophthalmic nurses were positive using a decision making system if inexperienced and in infrequent and complex situations. The use of decision making system facilitated the prioritization and coordination of the care taken, high quality of care from a patient perspective and a sense of security. Decision making system facilitated communication with other health care providers and patients. The system though was not useful in every situation and there was a need of a continuous development and update. Active listening and thinking in the combination of experience and knowledge were considered to be important components in the telephone counseling. Further development of the system in use today is needed.

Antalet patienter med sjukdomen diabetes förväntas öka vilket kommer innebära att ett ännu större antal patienter behöver screenas för att upptäcka diabetesretinopati. Syftet med den här pilotstudien var att beskriva patienters erfarenheter av screening för diabetesretinopati på en ögonmottagning. Pilotstudien utformades efter en kvalitativ induktiv ansats och data samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Materialet bearbetades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. De huvudkategorier som framkom var: trygghet, informationens betydelse, tillgänglighetens betydelse, oro för undersökningsresultatet och dess konsekvenser samt obehagligt och tidskrävande. Resultatet visade på att det var viktigt för informanterna med screening för diabetesretinopati. Det var en trygghet att få gå på kontroller för att upptäcka komplikationer i tid. Det framkom att de kände en oro för att utveckla diabetesretinopati och vilken påverkan detta skulle ha på deras livssituation. Informanterna ville få ett tydligare resultat från undersökningen och att tillgängligheten förbättrades.  Det behövs vidare omvårdnadsforskning kring information, kunskap och ökad tillgänglighet vid screening för diabetesretinopati. Sådan forskning kommer att vara till hjälp för att förstå och därmed hitta strategier för att förbättra omvårdnaden för patienter med diabetes samt för att nå ut till dem som uteblir från screeningen för diabetesretinopati. / The number of patients with the disease diabetes expects to increase, which means that even a larger number of patients will need to be screened to detect diabetic retinopathy. The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences of screening for diabetes retinopathy at an ophtalmology department. The pilotstudy was developed by a qualitative inductive approach and data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The material was processed by qualitative content analysis. The main categories that emerged were: security, the importance of information, the importance of accessibility, concerns about the result and its consequences and uncomfortable and time-consuming. The result showed that screening for diabetes retinopathy was important for the informants. It was a security to check their eyes to detect complications in time. It was revealed that they felt a concern for complications due to diabetic retinopathy and what effect this would have on their lives. The informants wanted to get a clearer result of the examination and that the availability would improve. Further nursing research about information, knowledge and increased availability in screening for diabetes retinopathy is needed. Such research would be helpful to improve care patients with diabetes, and to find strategies for reaching out to those who fail to attend screening for diabetes retinopathy.

Darbo tikslas – sumodeliuoti skystą oftalmologinę hidrofilinę sistemą su numatytais fizikocheminiais rodikliais ir įvertinti modelinės medžiagos – natrio diklofenako atpalaidavimą biofarmaciniu metodu in vitro. / Objective of work: to design liquid hydrophilic ophthalmic system with provided physicochemical characteristics and determine the release of the model material - sodium diclofenac in vitro.

SOLA International, a company which manufactures optical lenses, attended the 2000 Mathematics-in-Industry Study Group (MISG) with a wish list. Topping this list was the creation of a mathematical model of a lens, which given the lens geometry and material properties, could predict the deformation of the lens when it was subjected to an impact, such as that experienced in the fracture tests lenses must pass before being approved for sale. The first steps towards such a model were taken at MISG. At MISG, a lens was modelled simply as a thin uniform thickness plate, undergoing small, linear deformations. In the first section of my thesis I extend this model by considering variable thickness plates and larger, nonlinear deformations. For this extended model I have confirmed that the result obtained at MISG, that the contact between a plate and a spherical indentor occurs at a single point, still holds. The second part of this thesis looks at the dynamic deformation, or vibration, of plates. I have developed numerical solution methods for the large amplitude vibration equations with and without the in-plane inertia terms, based on a finite difference scheme. A comparison of these solutions confirms the often used assumption that the in-plane inertia may be neglected. I have also implemented a number of solution methods from the literature, which use separation of variables techniques. Comparing these with the numerical solutions, we find that the numerical solutions better capture the multi-modal nature of the vibration - showing multiple cycles in the approximate period. Having achieved an understanding of the types of forces involved in plate deformation and vibration I consider shell theory in the final section of my thesis. While time constraints meant no dynamic results could be obtained, general nonlinear deep shell equations have been derived. The static version of these equations has then been solved, with the development of a new solution technique which combines a Taylor expansion to approximate the behaviour at the shell centre with a numerical shooting method. Various shallow shell simplifications of the deep shell equations are then discussed and solved. By comparison of the solutions obtained for the deep and shallow, linear and nonlinear equations I have been able to determine which theories apply to which geometries. A complete model of a lens needs to take into account the shape, its thickness and curvature and the material from which it is made. From the work done in this thesis we have been able to determine that a lens model would require the nonlinear theory. Whether the deep shell theory is necessary is debatable as the geometry of a typical lens falls in the grey area, where either theory could be used depending on the accuracy required. For a very accurate model, deep shell theory would be necessary; if an approximate solution obtained quickly was more useful then I suggest the use of a particular set of shallow shell equations. A full lens model would require variable thickness shell theory and the solution of the dynamic equations, neither of which has been achieved here, but the solution techniques I have developed would be applicable to these theories.

Katarakt är en grumling i ögats lins som leder till nedsatt syn. Detta tillstånd är fortfarande en av de främsta orsakerna till nedsatt syn i hela världen och kataraktoperationer är därför en av de vanligaste operationerna inom ögonkirurgi. Patienter upplever att den information de får om det kirurgiska ingreppet ofta är bristfällig. Det är komplext att ge information inför en ögonoperation. Syftet med denna integrativa litteraturstudie var att belysa faktorer som bidrar till patientnöjdhet i samband med kataraktoperationer. Datainsamling gjordes i specifika databaser som CINAHL, PubMed och SienceDirect, vilka innehåller flest tidskriftsartiklar från området medicin och omvårdnad. En analys av tio artiklar genomfördes. Litteraturstudien resulterade i tre kategorier av patientnöjdhet: Information, Hälso-och sjukvårdspersonalens bemötande och Trygghet. Många olika faktorer bidrar till patientnöjdhet. De viktigaste faktorerna är att få en individuell och patientanpassad information om kataraktoperationen, att hälso-och sjukvårdpersonalen har ett respektfullt och vänligt bemötande mot patienten samt att kunna känna trygghet. Resultatet visade också att ögonsjuksköterskan har en viktig roll när det gäller att stödja och informera patienter i samband med kataraktoperationer. Genom att förstå patienters upplevelser kan ögonsjuksköterskan hjälpa och bemöta dem på ett bättre sätt. I utbildningen till ögonsjuksköterskor bör resultatet i denna litteraturstudie kunna användas men det rekommenderas att större studier görs om patientupplevelser vid kataraktoperationer i Sverige. / A cataract is a clouding oft he lens of the eye that leads to impaired vision. This condition remains one of the main causes of vision impairment worldwide. Cataract surgery is amongthe most common eye interventions all over the world. Patients often consider that the information they receive about the surgical procedure is inadequate. It is difficult to provide information about eye surgery. The aim of this integrative literature review was to highlight factors that contribute to patient satisfaction in cataract surgery. Data collection took place in databases such as CINAHL, PubMed and SienceDirect, which mainly contain scientific articles from the field of medicine and nursing. The study includes an analysis of ten articles. The literature review resulted in three categories of patient satisfaction: Information, Healthcare professionals`response and Safety. Many different factors that contribute to patient satisfaction. The most important factors are to get individual and patient information about cataract surgery, respectful and friendly encountering by the healthcare professionals and being able to feel safe. The result revealed even that the ophthalmic nurse has an important role in supporting and informing the patient in the context of cataract surgery. Ophthalmology nurses can encounter patients in a more professional manner if they understandpatients` experiences. In the education of ophthalmology nurses, the result of this  literature study should be able to be used, but it is recommended that greater studies be done on patient experience in cataract surgery in Sweden.

Orientador: Cláudia Valéria Seullner Brandão / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever valores oftalmológicos, determinar o poder dióptrico da lente intraocular (LIO), além de comparar os olhos considerando a lateralidade e sexo nesta espécie e avaliar a hipótese que os valores são similares com o cão. O lobo guará (Chrysocyon brachyurus) encontra-se na lista vermelha de espécies em extinção do The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), de animais em quase ameaça. As principais causas são a caça indiscriminada e atropelamentos. A espécie possui hábitos noturnos e crepusculares, o que torna a visão um dos seus sentidos mais importantes. Diante disso, a pesquisa avaliou 13 lobos guarás (26 olhos), hígidos, com idade superior a um ano, machos e fêmeas com peso entre 25 e 30kg. Foram realizados os seguintes testes oftalmológicos: teste lacrimal de Schirmer (TLS), estesiometria, tonometria e paquimetria. Adicionalmente, foi realizada a ultrassonografia modo A (US-A), ceratometria e a medida da distância limbo-limbo; e o calculo da dioptria lenticular. Foram obtidos os seguintes valores médios para os testes oftalmológicos: TLS 19,15±3,58mm/min; estesiometria 0,96±0,31mm; tonometria 13,96±4,75mmHg; paquimetria 528,50±55,13µm; distância limbo-limbo 18,08±1,32mm; comprimento axial 21,04±0,55mm e profundidade de câmara anterior 4,63±0,33mm; e cetarometria média 37,21±1,32D. Referente às fórmulas: SRK/T 34,04±1,66D; Hoffer Q 36,31±1,83D; Holladay I 35,42±1,88D, Haigis 42,19±2,29D e Holladay II 35,00±1,65D. Foram d... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study aimed to describe ophthalmologic values, to determine the dioptric power of the intraocular lens (IOL), and to evaluate the results compared to the laterality of the eyes and the sex of maned wolves and evaluate the hypothesis that the values are similar to dogs. The maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) is in the red list of endangered species of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), a near-threatened animal. The main causes are indiscriminate hunting and trampling. The species has nocturnal and crepuscular habits, which makes the vision one of its most important senses. In this research were evaluated 13 maned wolfs (26 eyes), healthy, captive wolves, aged from 1 to 8 years, four males and nine females with weight between 25 and 30kg. The following ophthalmological tests were performed: Schirmer's lachrymal test (SLT), esthesiometry, tonometry and pachymetry. Additionally, ultrasound mode A, keratometry and measurement of limbo-limbo distance were performed; and the calculation of lenticular diopter. Values of the ophthalmological tests were obtained: SLT 19,15±3,58mm/min; esthesiometry 0,96±0,31mm; tonometry 13,96±4,75mmHg; pachymetry 528,50±55,13μm; limbo-limbo distance 18,08±1,32mm; axial length 21,04±0,55mm and anterior chamber depht 4,63±0,33mm. Cetarometry average 37,21±1,32D. The formulas: SRK/T 34,04±1,66D; Hoffer Q 36,31±1,83D; Holladay I 35,42±1,88D, Haigis 42,19±2,29D and Holladay II 35,00±1,65D. The ophthalmologic variables and diopt... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-07T17:12:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-25. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-06-07T17:16:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000860332.pdf: 691560 bytes, checksum: dbeaf85cedbc67660b6f5be6096672ed (MD5) / Introdução: Dentre as síndromes hipertensivas que acometem a gestação, a pré-eclâmpsia (PE) é a principal causa de mortalidade e morbidade materna a curto e longo prazo, e de complicações perinatais como prematuridade, restrição do crescimento e óbito. O exame de fundo de olho reflete as alterações decorrentes do vasoespasmo sistêmico, alteração básica na fisiopatologia da doença. O Doppler das artérias oftálmicas é um exame reprodutível e não invasivo, constituindo-se em um método objetivo que diferencia as formas de manifestação da hipertensão entre si, aprimora a compreensão da fisiopatologia da pré-eclâmpsia e identifica a gravidade da doença, diretamente relacionada com o comprometimento do sistema nervoso central. Objetivo: Identificar se existe relação entre as alterações verificadas no Doppler da artéria oftálmica de gestantes portadoras de PE e a ocorrência de restrição de crescimento fetal. Sujeitos e métodos: Realizou-se estudo de corte transversal em uma população de 75 gestantes com diagnóstico de PE, que tiveram a resolução da gestação no Hospital Regional do Gama - Distrito Federal e cujos recém-nascidos foram classificados de acordo com a adequação do peso para a idade gestacional (PIG - pequeno para a idade gestacional e não PIG), segundo a tabela de Lubchenco. O exame dopplervelocimétrico da artéria oftálmica foi realizado em equipamento Toshiba Nemio 17, com transdutor linear na frequência de 10 MHz, determinando-se os seguintes parâmetros: índice de resistência (IR), índice de pulsatilidade (IP), pico de velocidade sistólica (PVS), velocidade diastólica final (VDF) e razão entre picos de velocidade (RPV). A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando os métodos ANOVA e Qui-quadrado. Os resultados foram considerados estatisticamente significativos quando apresentaram valores de p <0,05. Resultados: A análise das características clínicas maternas, segundo... / Introduction: Among hypertensive disorders that affect pregnancy, preeclampsia (PE) is the leading cause of mortality in short and long-term maternal morbidity and also perinatal complications such as premature birth, growth restriction and death. The examination of eye reflects changes arising from systemic vasospasm, a basic change in the disease pathophysiology. The Doppler of ophthalmic arteries is a reproducible and noninvasive, thus becoming an objective method that sets the manifestations of hypertension among themselves, enhances the understanding of the preeclampsia pathophysiology and identifies the severity of the disease, directly related to the central nervous system compromising. Objective: To identify if there is a relationship between changes in the Doppler of the ophthalmic artery of pregnant women with PE and the occurrence of fetal growth restriction. Subjects and Methods: Across sectional study in a population of 75 pregnant women with a diagnosis of PE, who had pregnancy resolution at Regional Hospital of Gama - Federal District and whose newborns were classified according to their weight for gestational age (SGA - small for gestational age and not SGA) according to Lubchenco table. The dopplervelocimetry of the ophthalmic artery was performed in 17 Nemio Toshiba equipment with linear transducer in the frequency of 10 MHz and, the following parameters were determined: resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), systolic velocity peak(SVP), end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and velocity ratio peak (VRP). Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA and Chi-square test. The results were considered statistically significant with p values <0.05. Results: Analysis of maternal clinical characteristics, according to the newborns classification (Not SGA and SGA), showed no significant difference in maternal age (27.7+6.8 years vs 29.5+7, 4 years), parity (48.2% vs 50%) and the rate of cesarean delivery (84.7% vs 100%). ...

Depuis ces dernières décennies, l'administration ophtalmique est devenue une voie privilégiée des molécules en vue d'une action locale. La sécurité, l'efficacité et l'acceptabilité de ces médicaments imposent une formulation stérile et facilement applicable pour l'amélioration de l'observance du patient. L'objectif de ce travail a été de développer une forme ophtalmique topique efficace, facilement applicable et contenant un principe actif (PA) d'intérêt. Les études d'encapsulation du PA dans des particules de polymères en vue de sa protection mettent en évidence la difficulté de formuler des vecteurs avec un PA hydrosoluble. Son instabilité en solution aqueuse a été démontrée lors des études de stabilité et a orienté le choix galénique vers des préparations semi-solides. L'absence, ou la faible quantité d'eau présente, améliore la stabilité du PA. L'association des cyclodextrines dans la formulation montre une nette stabilisation du PA dans les préparations semi-solides. Les études de caractérisation de ces formes mettent en évidence la stabilité du PA dans une pommade hydrophobe et dans une émulsion en présence de cyclodextrine. De plus, les essais de microbiologie démontrent l'intérêt de l'utilisation d'une émulsion dans l'efficacité de la forme pharmaceutique contre Staphylococcus aureus. Les formes ophtalmiques mise au point présentent un intérêt majeur dans le traitement d'infections oculaires localisées en remplacement des thérapeutiques actuellement sur le marché / Over the last few decades, ophthalmic administration has become a preferred route for molecules for local action. The safety, efficacy and acceptability of these drugs require a sterile and easily applicable formulation for improved patient compliance. The objective of this work was to develop an effective, easily applicable topical ophthalmic form containing a drug of interest. Studies of the encapsulation of API in polymer particles for protection show the difficulty of formulating vectors with a water-soluble API. The instability of the drug in aqueous solution has been demonstrated in stability studies and guided galenic choice to semi-solid preparations. The absence, or small amount of water, improves the stability of the API. The association of cyclodextrins in the formulation shows a marked stabilization of the drug in semi-solid preparations. Characterization studies of these forms demonstrate the stability of the drug in a hydrophobic ointment and in an emulsion in the presence of cyclodextrin. Moreover, microbiological tests demonstrate the advantage of using an emulsion in the efficacy of the pharmaceutical form against Staphylococcus aureus. The ophthalmic forms developed are major interest in the treatment of localized eye infections in place of the therapeutics currently on the market

Orientador: José Carlos Peracoli / Banca: Vera Terezinha Medeiros Borges / Banca: Joelcio Francisco Abbade / Banca: Alberto Carlos Moreno Zaconeta / Banca: Roseli Mieko Yamamoto Nomura / Resumo: Introdução: Dentre as síndromes hipertensivas que acometem a gestação, a pré-eclâmpsia (PE) é a principal causa de mortalidade e morbidade materna a curto e longo prazo, e de complicações perinatais como prematuridade, restrição do crescimento e óbito. O exame de fundo de olho reflete as alterações decorrentes do vasoespasmo sistêmico, alteração básica na fisiopatologia da doença. O Doppler das artérias oftálmicas é um exame reprodutível e não invasivo, constituindo-se em um método objetivo que diferencia as formas de manifestação da hipertensão entre si, aprimora a compreensão da fisiopatologia da pré-eclâmpsia e identifica a gravidade da doença, diretamente relacionada com o comprometimento do sistema nervoso central. Objetivo: Identificar se existe relação entre as alterações verificadas no Doppler da artéria oftálmica de gestantes portadoras de PE e a ocorrência de restrição de crescimento fetal. Sujeitos e métodos: Realizou-se estudo de corte transversal em uma população de 75 gestantes com diagnóstico de PE, que tiveram a resolução da gestação no Hospital Regional do Gama - Distrito Federal e cujos recém-nascidos foram classificados de acordo com a adequação do peso para a idade gestacional (PIG - pequeno para a idade gestacional e não PIG), segundo a tabela de Lubchenco. O exame dopplervelocimétrico da artéria oftálmica foi realizado em equipamento Toshiba Nemio 17, com transdutor linear na frequência de 10 MHz, determinando-se os seguintes parâmetros: índice de resistência (IR), índice de pulsatilidade (IP), pico de velocidade sistólica (PVS), velocidade diastólica final (VDF) e razão entre picos de velocidade (RPV). A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando os métodos ANOVA e Qui-quadrado. Os resultados foram considerados estatisticamente significativos quando apresentaram valores de p <0,05. Resultados: A análise das características clínicas maternas, segundo... / Abstract: Introduction: Among hypertensive disorders that affect pregnancy, preeclampsia (PE) is the leading cause of mortality in short and long-term maternal morbidity and also perinatal complications such as premature birth, growth restriction and death. The examination of eye reflects changes arising from systemic vasospasm, a basic change in the disease pathophysiology. The Doppler of ophthalmic arteries is a reproducible and noninvasive, thus becoming an objective method that sets the manifestations of hypertension among themselves, enhances the understanding of the preeclampsia pathophysiology and identifies the severity of the disease, directly related to the central nervous system compromising. Objective: To identify if there is a relationship between changes in the Doppler of the ophthalmic artery of pregnant women with PE and the occurrence of fetal growth restriction. Subjects and Methods: Across sectional study in a population of 75 pregnant women with a diagnosis of PE, who had pregnancy resolution at Regional Hospital of Gama - Federal District and whose newborns were classified according to their weight for gestational age (SGA - small for gestational age and not SGA) according to Lubchenco table. The dopplervelocimetry of the ophthalmic artery was performed in 17 Nemio Toshiba equipment with linear transducer in the frequency of 10 MHz and, the following parameters were determined: resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), systolic velocity peak(SVP), end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and velocity ratio peak (VRP). Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA and Chi-square test. The results were considered statistically significant with p values <0.05. Results: Analysis of maternal clinical characteristics, according to the newborns classification (Not SGA and SGA), showed no significant difference in maternal age (27.7+6.8 years vs 29.5+7, 4 years), parity (48.2% vs 50%) and the rate of cesarean delivery (84.7% vs 100%). ... / Doutor