L’arthrite septique chez les bovins est une affection le plus souvent d’origine bactérienne qui est une cause de boiterie fréquente associée à des pertes économiques importantes. Le traitement, qui doit être initié le plus rapidement possible, s’appuie sur l’utilisation combinée d’anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens, d’un ou de plusieurs lavages articulaires ainsi que d’antibiotiques administrés de façon systémique pour un minimum de 3 semaines. Cette durée d’administration constitue une difficulté pour les élevages dits biologiques pour lesquels un cahier des charges strict limite un recours prolongé aux antibiotiques. Ainsi le traitement efficace de diverses conditions infectieuses et celui de l’arthrite septique en particulier dans ces élevages peut être compromis. L’objectif de ce travail est de s’appuyer sur les propriétés antimicrobiennes des solutions de saline hypertonique (SSH) pour limiter l’utilisation des antibiotiques dans les cas d’arthrite septique chez les veaux en intégrant ces solutions pour le lavage des articulations infectées. Notre première étude a consisté à déterminer la sécurité d’emploi de deux concentrations de SSH (une commerciale à 7.2% et une maison à 15%) dans des articulations supposées saines chez le veau. Une synovite sévère associée à des signes cliniques caractéristiques d’atteintes articulaires a été observé lors de l’utilisation de SSH 15%. Son utilisation clinique comme solution de lavage articulaire est par conséquent déconseillée. Concernant la SSH 7.2%, malgré une synovite d’intensité variable, nous n’avons pas noté des signes cliniques caractéristiques d’atteintes articulaires. Son utilisation dans un contexte expérimental d’infection articulaire nous a paru réaliste. Notre seconde étude a permis d’évaluer les effets du lavage articulaire avec de la SSH 7.2% dans un modèle expérimental d’infection à Escherichia coli. Trois groupes de traitement ont été constitués. Dans le premier groupe (traitement standard), un lavage était effectué avec du lactate de Ringer (LRS) et les veaux recevaient une administration biquotidienne de ceftiofur par voie intraveineuse pour 21 jours. Dans le deuxième groupe (LRS), un lavage était effectué avec du LRS et aucun antibiotique n’était administré. Enfin dans le troisième groupe (SSH), un lavage était effectué avec de la SSH 7.2% sans qu’aucun antibiotique ne soit administré. Tous les veaux ont reçu du kétoprofen quotidiennement pendant 3 jours. L’inoculation s’est fait au jour 1 et les traitements ont débuté au jour 2. L’efficacité des traitements a été établie sur des critères cliniques, bactériologiques et cytologiques. Dans le modèle que nous avons utilisé, les trois groupes de traitements ont conduits à une guérison clinique et bactériologique satisfaisante (absence de boiterie, de douleur et de croissance bactérienne dans le liquide articulaire en fin d’étude). La guérison cytologique n’a quant à elle pas été jugée satisfaisante avec des moyennes de comptage et de pourcentage en neutrophiles tout groupe confondu bien supérieures aux valeurs normales (11.39x109/l de neutrophiles représentant 74.73% des leucocytes en fin d’étude). Le traitement avec la SSH 7.2% s’est révélé être significativement plus traumatique et pas plus efficace dans l’élimination de l’infection comparativement au traitement LRS. D’autre part, le lavage articulaire au LRS s’est révélé être aussi efficace et sécuritaire que le traitement standard de l’arthrite septique qui incluait 21 jours de ceftiofur administré par voie intraveineuse. Ainsi, bien que le lavage avec de la SSH 7.2% n’est pas démontré de résultats satisfaisants qui permettrait de limiter le recours aux antibiotiques dans les filières biologiques, l’association d’un lavage au LRS avec le ketoprofen s’est révélée être une alternative possible. De nouvelles études sont requises pour confirmer ses résultats et pour déterminer le rôle respectif du lavage articulaire et du ketoprofen dans la guérison lors d’arthrite septique. / Septic arthritis in cattle is mainly an infectious bacteriological disease that is a frequent cause of lameness and is associated with great economic losses. Treatment must be prompt and includes non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with one or several joint lavage along with systemic antibiotics for at least 3 weeks. This long course of administration is unachievable for organic production systems where the use of antibiotics is strictly regulated. Thus the treatment of infectious disease with septic arthritis in particular may be jeopardized in these herds. The objectives of this work is to use antimicrobial properties of hypertonic saline solution (HSS) to limit the use of antibiotics in septic arthritis cases in calves, using HSS for joint lavage. In our first study, we assessed the safety of two HSS of different concentrations (commercial 7.2% and home-made 15%) in healthy calves joint. A severe synovitis associated with typical clinical signs of joint lesions was observed when HSS 15% was used. Therefore this solution cannot be recommended for joint lavage in calves. A synovitis of variable degree was observed when HSS 7.2% was used. However no clinical signs or joint lesions were noted. Based on these results, we felt that HSS 7.2% could be tested in an experimental setting of joint infection. In our second study, we evaluate the effects of joint lavage with HSS 7.2% in an experimental infection model with Escherichia coli. Three treatment groups were formed. In the first group, the joint lavage was realized with Lactated Ringer’s Solution (LRS) and calves also received ceftiofur intravenously two times a day for 21 days. In the second group, the joint lavage was realized with LRS and saline was used instead of ceftiofur. In the last group, the joint lavage was realized with HSS 7.2% and saline was used instead of ceftiofur. All calves in this study received ketoprofen once a day for 3 days intravenously. Inoculation of bacteria took place on day 1 and all treatments started on day 2. Treatment’s effectiveness was established upon clinical, bacteriological and cytological criteria. In our model, all treatment groups led to clinical and bacteriological recovery (no lameness, pain or positive culture in the synovial fluid at the end of the experiment). Whatever the treatment group, cytological recovery was no achieved at the end of the study with mean number and percentage of neutrophils far superior when compared to usual values (11.39x109/l of neutrophils representating 74.73% of total leucocytes at the end of the experiment). Joint lavage with HSS 7.2% combined with ketoprofen successfully treat septic arthritis in this model but was significantly more harmful compared to joint lavage with LRS combined with ketoprofen. On the other hand, joint lavage with LRS combined with ketoprofen was found as efficient and safe than the standard treatment of septic arthritis which includes a 21 day administration of intravenous ceftiofur. Therefore, even if HSS 7.2% joint lavage cannot be a good choice to treat septic with the restriction of use of antibiotics in organic herds, the combination of a LRS joint lavage with ketoprofen showed promising results. Further studies are warranted to confirm these latter results and to determine specific effects of the lavage and of ketoprofen.

L’arthrite septique chez les bovins est une affection le plus souvent d’origine bactérienne qui est une cause de boiterie fréquente associée à des pertes économiques importantes. Le traitement, qui doit être initié le plus rapidement possible, s’appuie sur l’utilisation combinée d’anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens, d’un ou de plusieurs lavages articulaires ainsi que d’antibiotiques administrés de façon systémique pour un minimum de 3 semaines. Cette durée d’administration constitue une difficulté pour les élevages dits biologiques pour lesquels un cahier des charges strict limite un recours prolongé aux antibiotiques. Ainsi le traitement efficace de diverses conditions infectieuses et celui de l’arthrite septique en particulier dans ces élevages peut être compromis. L’objectif de ce travail est de s’appuyer sur les propriétés antimicrobiennes des solutions de saline hypertonique (SSH) pour limiter l’utilisation des antibiotiques dans les cas d’arthrite septique chez les veaux en intégrant ces solutions pour le lavage des articulations infectées. Notre première étude a consisté à déterminer la sécurité d’emploi de deux concentrations de SSH (une commerciale à 7.2% et une maison à 15%) dans des articulations supposées saines chez le veau. Une synovite sévère associée à des signes cliniques caractéristiques d’atteintes articulaires a été observé lors de l’utilisation de SSH 15%. Son utilisation clinique comme solution de lavage articulaire est par conséquent déconseillée. Concernant la SSH 7.2%, malgré une synovite d’intensité variable, nous n’avons pas noté des signes cliniques caractéristiques d’atteintes articulaires. Son utilisation dans un contexte expérimental d’infection articulaire nous a paru réaliste. Notre seconde étude a permis d’évaluer les effets du lavage articulaire avec de la SSH 7.2% dans un modèle expérimental d’infection à Escherichia coli. Trois groupes de traitement ont été constitués. Dans le premier groupe (traitement standard), un lavage était effectué avec du lactate de Ringer (LRS) et les veaux recevaient une administration biquotidienne de ceftiofur par voie intraveineuse pour 21 jours. Dans le deuxième groupe (LRS), un lavage était effectué avec du LRS et aucun antibiotique n’était administré. Enfin dans le troisième groupe (SSH), un lavage était effectué avec de la SSH 7.2% sans qu’aucun antibiotique ne soit administré. Tous les veaux ont reçu du kétoprofen quotidiennement pendant 3 jours. L’inoculation s’est fait au jour 1 et les traitements ont débuté au jour 2. L’efficacité des traitements a été établie sur des critères cliniques, bactériologiques et cytologiques. Dans le modèle que nous avons utilisé, les trois groupes de traitements ont conduits à une guérison clinique et bactériologique satisfaisante (absence de boiterie, de douleur et de croissance bactérienne dans le liquide articulaire en fin d’étude). La guérison cytologique n’a quant à elle pas été jugée satisfaisante avec des moyennes de comptage et de pourcentage en neutrophiles tout groupe confondu bien supérieures aux valeurs normales (11.39x109/l de neutrophiles représentant 74.73% des leucocytes en fin d’étude). Le traitement avec la SSH 7.2% s’est révélé être significativement plus traumatique et pas plus efficace dans l’élimination de l’infection comparativement au traitement LRS. D’autre part, le lavage articulaire au LRS s’est révélé être aussi efficace et sécuritaire que le traitement standard de l’arthrite septique qui incluait 21 jours de ceftiofur administré par voie intraveineuse. Ainsi, bien que le lavage avec de la SSH 7.2% n’est pas démontré de résultats satisfaisants qui permettrait de limiter le recours aux antibiotiques dans les filières biologiques, l’association d’un lavage au LRS avec le ketoprofen s’est révélée être une alternative possible. De nouvelles études sont requises pour confirmer ses résultats et pour déterminer le rôle respectif du lavage articulaire et du ketoprofen dans la guérison lors d’arthrite septique. / Septic arthritis in cattle is mainly an infectious bacteriological disease that is a frequent cause of lameness and is associated with great economic losses. Treatment must be prompt and includes non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with one or several joint lavage along with systemic antibiotics for at least 3 weeks. This long course of administration is unachievable for organic production systems where the use of antibiotics is strictly regulated. Thus the treatment of infectious disease with septic arthritis in particular may be jeopardized in these herds. The objectives of this work is to use antimicrobial properties of hypertonic saline solution (HSS) to limit the use of antibiotics in septic arthritis cases in calves, using HSS for joint lavage. In our first study, we assessed the safety of two HSS of different concentrations (commercial 7.2% and home-made 15%) in healthy calves joint. A severe synovitis associated with typical clinical signs of joint lesions was observed when HSS 15% was used. Therefore this solution cannot be recommended for joint lavage in calves. A synovitis of variable degree was observed when HSS 7.2% was used. However no clinical signs or joint lesions were noted. Based on these results, we felt that HSS 7.2% could be tested in an experimental setting of joint infection. In our second study, we evaluate the effects of joint lavage with HSS 7.2% in an experimental infection model with Escherichia coli. Three treatment groups were formed. In the first group, the joint lavage was realized with Lactated Ringer’s Solution (LRS) and calves also received ceftiofur intravenously two times a day for 21 days. In the second group, the joint lavage was realized with LRS and saline was used instead of ceftiofur. In the last group, the joint lavage was realized with HSS 7.2% and saline was used instead of ceftiofur. All calves in this study received ketoprofen once a day for 3 days intravenously. Inoculation of bacteria took place on day 1 and all treatments started on day 2. Treatment’s effectiveness was established upon clinical, bacteriological and cytological criteria. In our model, all treatment groups led to clinical and bacteriological recovery (no lameness, pain or positive culture in the synovial fluid at the end of the experiment). Whatever the treatment group, cytological recovery was no achieved at the end of the study with mean number and percentage of neutrophils far superior when compared to usual values (11.39x109/l of neutrophils representating 74.73% of total leucocytes at the end of the experiment). Joint lavage with HSS 7.2% combined with ketoprofen successfully treat septic arthritis in this model but was significantly more harmful compared to joint lavage with LRS combined with ketoprofen. On the other hand, joint lavage with LRS combined with ketoprofen was found as efficient and safe than the standard treatment of septic arthritis which includes a 21 day administration of intravenous ceftiofur. Therefore, even if HSS 7.2% joint lavage cannot be a good choice to treat septic with the restriction of use of antibiotics in organic herds, the combination of a LRS joint lavage with ketoprofen showed promising results. Further studies are warranted to confirm these latter results and to determine specific effects of the lavage and of ketoprofen.

Submitted by Edineia Teixeira (edineia.teixeira@unioeste.br) on 2017-09-05T17:45:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 FLÁVIA_CASSOL2017.pdf: 1685226 bytes, checksum: 8f79384919a244c9ef937f3069f3c88d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-05T17:45:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 FLÁVIA_CASSOL2017.pdf: 1685226 bytes, checksum: 8f79384919a244c9ef937f3069f3c88d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The consumption of functional foods, such as beans, has brought important benefits to health, consequently, there is an increasing demand for organic products, which are considered healthier. However, due to the genetic variability of this crop, it is necessary to evaluate it in the field then determine which cultivars are most adapted to different cropping managements, as well as establish the quality attributes involved in the preservation of this leguminous. Thus, this trial aimed at evaluating the agronomic characteristics of carioca beans, cropped in organic and conventional systems, indicating which cultivars are most adapted to each system as well as characterizing the cooling storage effect and in uncontrolled environmental conditions, in order to preserve nutritional and technological characteristics of these grains. Multivariate techniques were applied to determine which variables influenced most on beans quality, and to verify similarities between conservation methods and how carioca beans were produced. Eight carioca bean cultivars were sown in the organic and conventional systems, and the correlation between the production and yield components was evaluated. The studied cultivars were evaluated when freshly harvested (S); and after 180 storage days under refrigeration (R) and environmental conditions (A); according to the nutritional characteristics: protein (Ptn), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), phosphorus (P), phytic acid (Fit), tannins, antioxidant capacity (DPPH) and technologic characteristics: grain mass (GM), water content (WC), electrical conductivity, grain color (L*, a*, b*, H * and C *) and sphericity, texture, cooking time (CT) and hydration capacity (HC). According to yield, cultivars such as Andorinha, Curió, Estilo, Emperador and Notável were more adapted to the organic cropping, while all the tested cultivars, except Curió, can be indicated to the conventional cropping. The variables that showed the highest correlation with yield were the number of pods in organic beans and plant height in the conventional ones. The cooling storage preserved the technological quality of organic beans, increased the antioxidant capacity and kept higher amount of iron in beans. It also contributed to phosphorus decrease and the significant increases of Fit and tannins, considered antinutritional factors. Campos Gerais beans is a cultivar from IAPAR that showed the best results on quality preservation after six months of storage. According to these data, the main and cluster components (APC) were analyzed. Thus, variables such as Ptn, Ca, P, Fit, tannins, DPPH, CH, TC, MG and H * influenced most beans quality, and were defined according to APC use. Based on the use of Cluster, it is possible to classify cultivars into groups and verify that the refrigerated storage was effective in maintaining their quality. In addition, this technique showed the similarity between organic and conventional beans that belonged to the same cultivar. / O consumo de alimentos funcionais, como o feijão, traz benefícios importantes para a saúde. A procura por produtos de origem orgânica, considerados mais saudáveis, tem, também, contribuído para o aumento no seu consumo. No entanto, devido à variabilidade genética dessa cultura, faz-se necessária sua avaliação no campo, para determinar os cultivares mais adaptados a diferentes formas de cultivo e estabelecer os atributos de qualidade envolvidos na preservação dessa leguminosa. Nesse sentido, os objetivos desta pesquisa foram: avaliar as características agronômicas de feijão carioca, cultivado em sistema orgânico e convencional, indicar os cultivares mais adaptados a cada sistema e caracterizar o efeito do armazenamento refrigerado e em condições ambientais não controladas, na preservação das características nutricionais e tecnológicas desses grãos, usando técnicas multivariadas para determinar as variáveis que mais influenciam na qualidade dos feijões e verificar semelhanças entre as formas de conservação e modo de produção dos feijões carioca. Foram semeados oito cultivares de feijão carioca nos sistemas orgânico e convencional para avaliar a correlação entre as componentes da produção e a produtividade. Após a colheita, os cultivares foram avaliados recém-colhidos (S) e depois de 180 dias de armazenamento, em condições refrigeradas (R) e ambientais (A), quanto às características nutricionais: proteína (Ptn), cálcio (Ca), ferro (Fe), fósforo (P), ácido fítico (Fit) e taninos, capacidade antioxidante (DPPH) e tecnológica: massa de grãos (MG), teor de água (Ta), condutividade elétrica, coloração dos grãos (L*, a*, b*, H* e C*), esfericidade, textura, tempo de cocção (TC) e capacidade de hidratação (CH). De acordo com a produtividade, os cultivares Andorinha, Curió, Estilo, Imperador e Notável mostraram-se mais adaptados ao cultivo orgânico, enquanto todos os cultivares testados, exceto Curió, podem ser indicados ao cultivo convencional. As variáveis que mostraram maior correlação com a produtividade foram o número de vagens nos feijões orgânicos e a altura da planta, no sistema convencional. Nos feijões orgânicos, o armazenamento refrigerado preservou a qualidade tecnológica, aumentou a capacidade antioxidante e manteve maior a quantidade de Fe dos grãos, além de contribuir para a diminuição do P e o aumento significativo dos Fit e taninos, considerados fatores antinutricionais. Os feijões do cultivar IAPAR Campos Gerais foram os que melhor preservaram a qualidade após o armazenamento de 180 dias. Diante desses dados, foram realizadas análises dos componentes principais (APC) e de agrupamento (Cluster). As variáveis que mais influenciaram a qualidade dos feijões foram definidas com o uso da APC, sendo elas Ptn, Ca, P, Fit, taninos, DPPH, CH, TC, MG e H*. Com a utilização do Cluster, é possível classificar os cultivares em grupos e verificar que o armazenamento refrigerado foi eficaz na manutenção da qualidade. Além disso, essa técnica mostrou a semelhança entre os feijões orgânicos e convencionais pertencentes ao mesmo cultivar.

[pt] A transformação no espaço rural na Baixada Fluminense, ao longo dos séculos, moldou-se diante das demandas que surgiam. Entretanto, as atividades agrícolas resistiram às mudanças no tempo e persistiram, mesmo com a chegada da modernização. Com a chegada da Revolução Verde à mecanização, nos meios de produção no campo, agregada ao crédito agrícola, favorecedor dos grandes produtores, estimulavam o monocultivo e a baixa inserção de mão de obra agrícola. Todas essas mudanças nos processos produtivos, acabaram transformando o espaço da Baixada Fluminense, contudo, Tinguá persiste com práticas familiares agrícolas, numa hibridização com a inserção de pluriatividades, assim sendo, uma área periurbana. Para além disso, ela também está inserida em uma zona preservada por legislação ambiental, com Unidades de Conservação nas três instâncias governamentais. A região possui grande biodiversidade ecossistêmica e um elevado potencial hídrico, que vem sendo degradado por um turismo predatório e uma agricultura que utiliza insumos químicos na produção, ocasionando na poluição do solo e de corpos hídricos. Foi realizado uma avaliação da suposta implementação de um modelo de produção contínua de hortaliças, a partir da criação de módulos de hortas de 100 metros quadrados em áreas que já eram utilizadas pela agricultura, área de campo ou livres. Foram realizadas entrevistas com os maiores agricultores da região, para que pudesse ser identificada sua forma de produção, mas eles não possuíam nenhum registro, dificultando, assim, possíveis cruzamentos. Buscando equidade social, produtividade semanal, baixo impacto ambiental e produção ecológica, foram mapeados e encontrados um total de 2.942 módulos de 100 mestros quadrados, uma produção de 29.420 de sacolas semanal e 117.680 de sacolas de hortaliças por mês. / [en] The metamorphosis at the rural zone on Baixada Fluminense through the centuries took form following the up rising demands. Therefore the farm activities resisted the change and persisted even with the modern times. With the arrival of the Green Revolution, the mechanization of means of production in the countryside, added to the financial credit agricultural - which favored the great farm producers-, stimulated the monoculture and the low insertion of the workforce at the agriculture. All these changes in the productivity process ended up transforming Baixada Fluminense. However, Tinguá still persists with its own familiar practices of rural production, making a hybrid model by the injection of pluriactivity; for this reason, it is considered a peri-urban area. It is also inserted in a preserved zone by the environmental legislation, with Conservation Units present in the three government instances. However, the protection ends at the edge of Rebio do Tinguá, unity that cannot have any kind of activity in its interior. The region has large ecosystem biodiversity and a high water potential - which has been damage by a predatory tourism and by an agriculture that uses chemical inputs in the production, causing pollution of the soil and the hydric elements. Because of this, an evaluation of the supposed implementation of a model of continuous production of vegetables was made, since the conception of garden modules with 100 square meters in areas already used by the farm production or clear fields. There were interviews with the great farmers in the region aiming to identify their way, but they did not hold any data, making hard potential data analysis. In order to find social insertion, weekly productivity, low environmental impact, and organic production, 2.942 modules of 100 square meters, an output of 29.420 weekly bags and 117.680 vegetables bags were mapped and found at Tinguá Basin monthly, therefore, it is considered an ecological and social equity model.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-09-10T18:01:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VLADIMIR COSTA DE ALENCAR - TESE PPGRN 2009..pdf: 9290550 bytes, checksum: cdd4f50a45bc398ddd2ac6cdfd4cdb0d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-10T18:01:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VLADIMIR COSTA DE ALENCAR - TESE PPGRN 2009..pdf: 9290550 bytes, checksum: cdd4f50a45bc398ddd2ac6cdfd4cdb0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11 / À nível mundial, está ocorrendo gradativamente a mudança da matriz alimentar da humanidade. Em função de um maior nível de informação da sociedade, a partir dos meios de comunicação de massa e pesquisas acadêmicas, está aumentando o consumo de carnes brancas, frutas, verduras e legumes. Além disso, há um componente político-ideológico, onde os consumidores passam a preferir alimentos que não sejam produzidos com a exploração de mão-de-obra infantil, sem agressão do meio ambiente e com tecnologias de produção de baixo custo, sem o uso de agroquímicos (agrotóxicos e adubos químicos). A preservação dos recursos naturais não renováveis passa a ser a pauta do dia, e a sustentabilidade emerge com uma grande importância. Diante desse quadro, a agricultura orgânica tem se fortalecido, vindo da necessidade de alimentos limpos (sem resíduos tóxicos) que a sociedade moderna exige e por conseqüência a preservação da natureza. Este trabalho teve como finalidade uma análise comparativa multiobjetivo de um sistema de produção convencional e um sistema de produção orgânico, tendo como base as áreas irrigadas da cidade de Boqueirão, Estado da Paraíba, onde possui um reservatório que abastece várias cidades deste estado. Foi utilizada uma série de 10 anos hidroclimáticos da região. Para execução deste trabalho foi utilizado (e adicionadas funcionalidades) um sistema de apoio à decisão que utiliza programação linear para otimização multiobjetivo de análises de seleção de culturas para áreas irrigadas. Foram demonstrados, através de cenários, que o manejo orgânico tem um ganho maior em relação ao manejo convencional em relação à receita líquida, mão-de-obra, saúde humana e preservação ambiental. / In worldwide level, a change of humanity’s food matrix is gradually occurring. Because of a higher level of information that society’s receiving, through mass media and academic researches, the consumption of white meat, fruits and vegetables is rising. Also, there is a political-ideological component, in which consumers tend to prefer food that is not produced through infantile labour exploitation, that doesn’t harm the environment while it’s being produced and that, when produced, uses technology of production with low cost, without the usage of agrochemicals (pesticides and chemical fertilizers). The preservation of not renewable natural resources is at the top of the agenda, and sustainability emerges with a great importance. Before this frame, organic agriculture has strengthened, because of modern society’s demand for clean food (without toxic residues), and consequently for nature protection. The present work had the objective of developing a multiobjective comparative analysis of a production system that utilizes conventional management (using agrochemicals – fertilization and pesticides) and of a production system that uses organic management, on Epitácio Pessoa Reservoir (Boqueirão), in the State of Paraíba, through a 10 climatic years scenario. In this work a DSS (Decision Support System) was used with the purpose of applying a multiobjective optimization based on linear programming to crop selection analysis in irrigated areas. It has been shown that agricultural organic management provides better net profit, use of human labor and health and environmental protection than conventional management.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nelson de Castro Neto.pdf: 2115044 bytes, checksum: 7806fca6e1d6460ad7b9cb7c757e1e50 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-30 / Family farming in organic agriculture sees a strategy to promote their economic and social development, adding value to their products. This new perspective has been constructed and expressed in the idea of "sustainability in the field." In this sense, the family farm and agro-ecological production, combined with the practices conscious consumption, can occupy an important place in the business landscape and represent an integrated environmental conservation, social and economic. Seeking to assist the manufacturer in the conversion of production, the Itaipu binational (IB) in 2003, through the project Cultivating Good Water (CAB), intended to encourage and assist farmers in 29 municipalities in Paraná Watershed 3 (BP3), located in West of Paraná. The question that guides this study is: from the perception of farmers, the conversion from conventional to organic production - from the CAB project - has brought benefits and value to producers involved in the project? The methodology used in this study was qualitative, with semi-structured interviews and descriptive analysis, assuming the character of a case study. The survey's target sectors were small farmers, associations, cooperatives and business management, linked to the CAB project. The results obtained in this work allowed a social and economic analysis with respect to the conversion of organic family farmers from the BP3. In the social aspect, it was possible to clarify questions about earnings, relationships and stimulate the creation of cooperation networks. In the economic aspect, it was found that for farmers converting to organic production means higher income and better economic expectations. For respondents, this type of cultivation is well suited to family farms, providing a cost reduction and less dependence on external inputs. In conclusion, we found that the main benefits brought to farmers in the region under study, refer to the issues surrounding community health, healthy eating and quality of life for everyone involved in organic production chain. However, advances are needed with regard to technical assistance and technology to increase production capacity. / A agricultura familiar vê na agricultura orgânica uma estratégia para promover seu desenvolvimento econômico e social, agregando valor aos seus produtos. Essa nova perspectiva vem sendo construída e se expressa na ideia de sustentabilidade no campo . Nesse sentido, a agricultura familiar como produção agroecológica, somada às práticas de consumo consciente, pode ocupar um espaço importante no cenário comercial e representar uma ação integrada na preservação ambiental, social e econômica. Buscando auxiliar o produtor nesta conversão da produção, a ITAIPU BINACIONAL (IB) em 2003, por meio do projeto Cultivando Água Boa (CAB), pretendeu estimular e auxiliar os agricultores familiares em 29 municípios da Bacia Hidrográfica do Paraná 3 (BP3), localizada no Oeste do Paraná. A questão que orienta este estudo é: a partir da percepção dos agricultores, a conversão da produção convencional para orgânica - a partir do projeto CAB - trouxe benefícios e agregação de valor aos produtores envolvidos no projeto? A metodologia utilizada neste trabalho foi qualitativa, com entrevistas semiestruturadas e de análise descritiva, assumindo o caráter de um estudo de caso. Os setores alvo da pesquisa foram os produtores familiares, associações, cooperativas e as empresas gestoras, vinculadas ao projeto CAB. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho possibilitaram uma análise social e econômica com relação à conversão dos produtores da agricultura familiar orgânica do BP3. No aspecto social, foi possível esclarecer questões sobre ganhos, relacionamentos e o estímulo à criação de redes de cooperação. Já no aspecto econômico, identificou-se que para os produtores a conversão para produção orgânica representa maior renda e melhores expectativas econômicas. Para os entrevistados, este tipo de cultivo se adapta bem à agricultura familiar, oferecendo uma redução de custo e uma menor dependência de insumos externos. Para concluir, identificou-se que os principais benefícios trazidos para os agricultores na região em estudo, referem-se às questões que envolvem a saúde da comunidade, alimentação saudável e qualidade de vida para todos os envolvidos na cadeia produtiva orgânica. Entretanto, avanços são necessários no que se refere à assistência técnica e tecnologia para o aumento de capacidade produtiva.

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