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本研究主要目在於針對教師組織公民行為構念的界定作進一步的釐清並結合社會交換理論、人格理論、工作內在動機、印象管理動機、以及組織文化等觀點，提出以校長與教師交換關係、教師自我監控與工作投入為個人層次預測變項，個人/集體主義為團體層次預測變項之教師組織公民行為前置因素之跨層次模式，再透過階層線性模式方法分析以探討這些前置變項對教師組織公民行為之影響以及他們之間的關係。研究採用調查研究法，以台北市37所公立國民中學教師為對象，發出925 份問卷，最後回收736份有效問卷，有效問卷回收率則為79.57％。本研究主要研究發現為: (一)教師組織公民行為應視為一個聚合模式多層面構念；(二)教師工作投入為相對最重要教師組織公民行為前置因素；(三)人格特質對教師組織公民行為的影響主要是間接透過工作投入的中介效果；(四)不同類型組織公民行為的前置因素以及效果互有差異。 / The main purpose of current study was to revisit the construct validity issues of organisational citizenship behavior and to investigate the dynamics of teachers’ organizational citizenship behavior antecedents. Based on theories of social exchange, personality, job intrinsic motivation, impression management and organizational culture, a multi-level model of teahers’ organizational citizenship behavior antecedents was proposed where leader-member exchange, self-monitering and job involvement serve as individual level antecedents, individualistic/collectivism as school level antecedent and teachers’ organizational behavior as outcome variable at individual level. Valid data was collected from 34 public junior higher schools and 736 teachers in Taipei city. The main findings can be summarised as follows: (1) teacher organizational citizenship behavior should be treated as a aggregated model multidimensional construct; (2) Relatively teachers’ job involvement is the strongest antecedent for three dimensions of OCB; (3) the effect of teachers’ conscientiousness on OCB is mediated by teachers’ job involvement; (4) the antecedents included in current study have varied significant or insignificant effects on three dimensions of teachers’ OCB.

企業社會責任(corporate social responsibility，簡稱CSR)的概念與實務發展在近年來已成為一門企業永續經營的顯學。本研究認為，有別於一般組織外部利害關係人的觀點，身為內部觀察者的員工身分具有特殊性，不僅較外部利害關係人更接近公司核心，亦有機會參與公司的企業社會責任政策制定與活動。因此，本研究旨在建構一研究模型，以員工觀點了解企業社會責任認知及企業志工參與對組織公民行為之影響過程與結果，包含探究員工對企業社會責任認知與企業志工參與程度是否與組織認同有正向影響？員工企業社會責任認知與組織認同是否為知覺外部聲望所中介？當員工組織認同提高時，是否增進其工作滿足、組織承諾、顧客導向？ 　　本研究以Kim et al.(2010)所提出的企業社會責任影響員工企業認同模型概念為基礎，並拓展員工可能展現的反應及工作態度構念，以便利抽樣法回收有效紙本問卷201份、有效網路問卷115份，共計獲得316份樣本。經由驗證性因素分析與結構方程模式(Structural Equation Modeling, SEM)分析後得出研究結論如下： 1.知覺外部聲望確實為企業社會責任認知程度與組織認同之中介變數，員工的企業社會責任認知程度對知覺外部聲望有正向的影響，而更進一步影響組織認同。 2.企業志工參與和組織認同具有正向關係，佐證當企業的社會責任相關活動能滿足員工的心理需求時，員工將會傾向認同該企業。 3.組織認同與顧客導向、工作滿足及組織承諾皆存有正向的影響關係。 4.顧客導向、工作滿足和組織承諾皆與組織公民行為有正向的影響關係，其中顧客導向和組織承諾的影響力皆大於工作滿足。 / The increasing development of corporate social responsibility has become a prevalent concern for business sustainability practices. In comparison to the viewpoint of outside stakeholders, employees play unique roles for their company for two reasons: (1) employees are closer to corporate core business (2) employees participate more easily in CSR activities and policy formulation. Therefore, this study aims to establish a model to understand how employees’ perceived CSR and participation in employee volunteer program (EVP) relate to their organizational citizenship behavior. This study also investigates whether perceived CSR and EVP participation has positive effects on organizational identification; whether perceived external prestige mediates the relationship between perceived CSR and organizational identification; and whether organizational identification acts as the antecedent of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and customer orientation. The model concept is based on the model of CSR and employee-company identification established by Kim et al. (2010), and modified by adding some employees’ attitude constructs. The survey, conducted by convenience sampling, consists of a total of 316 participants whose companies have EVP. Utilizing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM), the results are as follows: 1.Perceived external prestige is a partial mediator between perceived CSR and organizational identification. Meanwhile, perceived CSR positively affects perceived external prestige, and perceived external prestige has positive relationship with organizational identification. 2.The relationship between EVP participation and organizational identification is positive, which means employees tend to identify with their company when they are mentally satisfied by CSR activities. 3.Organizational identification positively affects variables, such as customer orientation, organizational commitment and job satisfaction. 4.The attitude factors that positively affect employees’ organizational citizenship behavior include customer orientation, organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Further, the impact of customer orientation and organizational commitment are greater than job satisfaction.

Submitted by João Luís Corradini Quaglia (joaoluiscq@gmail.com) on 2014-08-22T17:13:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_João Luís Corradini Quaglia_final.pdf: 1105096 bytes, checksum: c1efb596b83ac47821901bd42fe12021 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by PAMELA BELTRAN TONSA (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2014-08-22T17:19:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_João Luís Corradini Quaglia_final.pdf: 1105096 bytes, checksum: c1efb596b83ac47821901bd42fe12021 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-22T17:48:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_João Luís Corradini Quaglia_final.pdf: 1105096 bytes, checksum: c1efb596b83ac47821901bd42fe12021 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-25 / Práticas em gestão de projetos (GP), apesar de amplamente difundidas, utilizadas e pesquisadas, não garantem o desempenho (sucesso) do projeto em suas entregas em tempo e custos conforme planejamento. Observa-se que, apesar do uso extensivo de práticas de GP, falhas em relação ao atendimento do cronograma e orçamento são amplamente relatadas. Portanto, este trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar a influência das práticas de gestão de projetos e do objetivo de desempenho no Comportamento de Cidadania Organizacional (OCB) da equipe de projetos. As dimensões que compuseram o OCB foram: Ajuda, Iniciativa e Compliance. Para testar a relação entre os fatores de práticas de GP (incipientes ou avançados) e objetivo de desempenho (normal ou desafiador) no comportamento da equipe foi utilizada a metodologia do experimento baseado em cenários (SBRP experiment). A amostra contou com 216 alunos de graduação e pós-graduação em administração. O estudo mostrou que a utilização de práticas em gestão de projetos não influenciou o Comportamento de Cidadania Organizacional da equipe de projetos. Entretanto, o objetivo de desempenho nas dimensões de tempo e custos influenciou o Comportamento Cidadão da equipe de projetos. Além desses resultados, a pesquisa mostrou que características pessoais, como experiência em liderar projetos, influenciou a propensão em aumento do comportamento cidadão mediante uma remuneração adicional. Como contribuição adicional este estudo mostra que existem diferenças de resultados nos diferentes grupos de respondentes (alunos de graduação e pós-graduação em administração), conforme encontrado em outros estudos. A utilização do experimento também foi um diferencial metodológico, em virtude de sua ainda baixa utilização em gestão de operações. Finalmente, este estudo também identificou as principais práticas utilizadas na gestão de projetos. / Practices in project management (PM), although widely disseminated, utilized and researched, do not guaranteee the project performance (success) in their deliveries on time and costs as planned. It is observed that, despite the extensive use of PM practices, failures to meet the schedule and budget are widely reported. Thus, this thesis aims to analyze the influence of PM practices and performance targets on the project team's Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). The dimensions that composed OCB were: Help, Initiative and Compliance. To test the relationship between the factors of PM practices (incipient or advanced) and performance targets (ordinary or challenging) in team behavior, the scenario-based role-playing experiment (SBRP experiment) was used, as research methodology. The sample consisted of 216 undergraduate and post graduate students in business administration. The research showed that the use of practices in project management did not influence the project team’s Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). However, performance targets in time and costs influenced the project team’s OCB. In addition to these results, the research showed that personal characteristics, such as experience as project manager, influenced the propensity for increasing OCB based on additional payment. As an additional contribution this study shows that there are differences in the results for different groups of respondents (undergraduate and post graduate students in business administration), as found in other studies. The use of the SBRP experiment was also a methodological advantage, seeing that is has not been widely used in operations management. Finally, this study also identified key practices in project management.

Submitted by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-01-18T12:33:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 1425452.pdf: 2852830 bytes, checksum: 85cdfb0a495d378dee6536c7ec163253 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-01-18T12:34:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 1425452.pdf: 2852830 bytes, checksum: 85cdfb0a495d378dee6536c7ec163253 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-01-18T12:34:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 1425452.pdf: 2852830 bytes, checksum: 85cdfb0a495d378dee6536c7ec163253 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-01-18T12:34:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1425452.pdf: 2852830 bytes, checksum: 85cdfb0a495d378dee6536c7ec163253 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Desde à muito, os temas, capital social e comportamento de cidadania organizacional (CCO) têm sido extensivamente pesquisado e estudados nos EUA, no entanto estes têm recebido pouca relevância a nível de outros contextos internacionais. Se por um lado, a sua importância e inferência na performance dentro do contexto empresarial têm sido crescente, caracterizando a necessidade de um entendimento cada vez maior por parte das empresas, por outro, o investimento das corporações de grande porte, caminham cada vez mais em direção dos países com crescimento exponencial sustentado, como são o BRIC, o que cna uma necessidade fomentada de pesquisa nesta área de pesquisa para estas regiões. Este estudo pretendeu investigar, avaliar e mapear a influência do capital e do CCO na satisfação de vida e desempenho no trabalho do funcionário de nível superior, no contexto empresarial brasileiro e português, com o objetivo de identificar quais as diferenças existentes nestes duas realidade, devido ao investimento crescente do segundo para com o primeiro. Genericamente, encontramos clara influência das dimensões do CCO tanto para o desempenho no trabalho como para a satisfação de vida do trabalhador, assim como presença também marcada das duas dimensões do capital Social. Mais especificamente, foi entendido pelo nosso estudo que a realidade empresarial brasileira necessita que as empresas criem mecanismos que fomentem os laços entre colegas, a conscienciosidade, altruísmo e virtude cívica dos seus funcionários, pois assim aumentará o desempenho. Já para o contexto português, apenas a conscienciosidade e a virtude apresentaram significativa relação. Desta forma, conclui-se que para o investimento das empresas português no Brasil, estas precisam ter atenção à dimensão estrutural - relação com colegas - promovendo-a e à necessidade patente que os brasileiros têm de ajudar os seus colegas - comportamento altruísta - para aumentar o desempenho no trabalho. No que se refere a satisfação de vida, que se mostrou estreitamente relacionada com o desempenho, o brasileiro apenas precisa notar confiança nos colegas, senti-se altruísta e consciencioso, ao passo que o português necessita criar fortes laços com os colegas, mas não fomentar o comportamento altruístico. Desta forma as empresas investidoras apenas precisam ter atenção mais uma vez a necessidade de prestar ajuda especifica que o brasileiro sente, promovendo workshops com os próprios funcionários, por forma a estes passarem o seu conhecimento, monitorias, estágios, entre outros. Estes resultados demonstraram que cada continente, país (possuidor ou não da mesma língua) e/ou cultura comporta diferenças significativas no contexto empresarial, assim tornase difícil implementar técnicas e comportamentos internacionais e esperar que os resultados sejam exatamente iguais. Este estudo espera dar alguns instrumentos de comparação para que as empresas portuguesas entendam, a este nível, a realidade brasileira. / Since long ago, the themes of social capital and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) have been extensively researched and studied in the V.S., though these have received little attention in terms of other international contexts. On the one hand, its importance and inference performance within the business environment have been increasing, characterizing the need for an increased understanding by firms, on the other hand, investment by large corporations, walk increasingly direction of countries with sustained exponential growth, as BRIC countries, which creates a need for research in this area encouraged the search for these regions. This study intended to investigate, assess and map the influence of capital and of the CCO in life satisfaction and job performance of top-Ievel employee in Brazilian and Portuguese business environment, in order to identify differences between those two realities, because increasing investment from the second to the first. Generally, we find clear influence ofboth dimensions ofthe CCO to perform at work and for the life satisfaction of workers, and also marked presence of the two dimensions of social capital. More specifically, it was understood by our study that the Brazilian business reality requires companies to create mechanisms that foster ties between colleagues, conscientiousness, altruism and civic virtue of its officials, as well as increase performance. As for the Portuguese context, the only virtue and conscientiousness showed a significant relationship. Thus, we conclude that for investment firms Portuguese in Brazil, they need to pay attention to the structural dimension - relationship with colleagues - promoting it and need to clear the Brazilians have to help their colleagues - altruistic behavior - to increase job performance. Regarding life satisfaction, which was closely related to performance, Brazilians need only belive in colleagues trust, I was unselfish and conscientious, whereas the Portuguese need to create strong bonds with colleagues, but not to encourage altruistic behavior. Thus investment firms only need to pay attention once again the need to assist states that the Brazilian feel, providing workshops with the employees themselves, so they pass their knowledge, tutoring, internships, among others. These results demonstrated that each continent, country (with or not possessing the same language) and / or culture involves differences in a business context, so it is difficult to implement technical and intemational behavior and expect that the results are exactly alike. This study hopes to give some means of comparison to understand that Portuguese firms at this leveI, the Brazilian reality.

Wendel (1994, p. 91) defined perceived organizational support (POS) as “organization support in terms of all things that relate to assistance and relationships amongst working peers and colleagues, which involve the feeling of need between superiors and subordinates . Rothbard (2001, p. 656) in defining job engagement (JE) listed two components which he thought were critical for its effectiveness on organizational functioning: (i) attention and (ii) absorption, with the former referring to “cognitive ability and the amount of time one spends thinking about the role”, while the latter “means being engrossed in a role and means the intensity of one’s focus on a role”. Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) was first introduced by Organ in the 1980s and he defined the concept of organizational citizenship behavior “as discretionary behaviors by individuals (employees) that do not form part of formal requirements of a job, but are necessary and promote effective functioning of the organization (Organ, 1988)”. The objective of study was to explore the relationship between perceived organizational support and job engagement and their effect organizational citizenship behavior. Other relationships that were tested were first, the direct relationship between POS JE. Secondly, the combined effect of POS and JE on OCB. The study was conducted amongst nurses at Victoria hospital, in Alice within the Nkonkobe district municipality. The results showed a significant relationship between JE and OCB, whilst the relationship between POS and OCB was not accepted. The results for the other two hypotheses that were tested; (i) relationship between POS and JE, (ii) combined effect of POS and JE on OCB also showed that they were not accepted. The consistency scores for these variables were of international level (n=106). The Pearson correlation coefficients were used for hypothesis testing.