Submitted by Isaac Francisco de Souza Dias (isaac.souzadias@ufpe.br) on 2016-06-30T18:10:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Walkyria Tsutsumi Ferreira Coutinho.pdf: 9876492 bytes, checksum: 742baf97ee9922210070d80a3009cea5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-30T18:10:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Walkyria Tsutsumi Ferreira Coutinho.pdf: 9876492 bytes, checksum: 742baf97ee9922210070d80a3009cea5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-15 / FACEPE / O presente estudo visa compreender o conceito Ma, inerente na cultura oriental japonesa e identificar os possíveis espaços que caracterizariam esse conceito na produção arquitetônica de Tadao Ando, através do estudo acerca dessa cultura e das distintas abordagens sobre o Ma, como dito por Ando (2000): Arquitetos japoneses, a exemplo de Ito Yotaro, Kiwari – Module of Traditional Japanese Architecture, 1961; Isozaki Arata, Ma – nijunen ato no kikanten, (MA – Twenty Years On) e Kenmochi Takehiko, usam o termo Ma tanto para indicar o espaço físico quanto uma espécie de espaço-tempo. A espacialidade Ma parece ser de frágil visualidade, mas eminentemente comunicativa, ao convidar não só à participação perceptiva do ser humano que vivencia a espacialidade, mas também sua memória e seu pensamento, pela relação do homem com a sociedade e a cultura. (MICHIKO, 2007: p. 84). O sentido japonês do Ma não é algo criado por uma composição de elementos, é algo que toma lugar no imaginário do ser humano à medida que experimenta o vazio arquitetônico gerado pela composição desses elementos. A existência de um conceito exclusivo da cultura oriental e intrínseco a vários gêneros artísticos instigaram a investigação sobre esse tema. A partir de teorias ocidentais que auxiliassem a compreensão do espaço arquitetônico, o presente trabalho busca compreender o conceito Ma e aproximar as distintas culturas. Com esse objetivo de compreender propriamente o conceito do Ma em arquitetura e estudá-lo através do método cientifico, foram analisadas obras do arquiteto contemporâneo Tadao Ando com o fim de exemplificar as possíveis espacialidades Ma presentes nessas obras. / This study aims to comprehend the concept of Ma, inherent in the japanese culture, and to identify possible spaces that could characterize this concept in Tadao Ando’s architectural production, through the study about this culture and from different approaches about Ma, as said by Tadao Ando (2000): Japanese architects, as Ito Yotaro, Kiwari - Module of traditional Japanese Architecture, 1961;Isozaki Arata, Ma – nijunen ato no kikanten, (MA – Twenty Years On) and Kenmochi Takehiko, use the term Ma to indicate physical space and also a kind of space-time. The spatiality of Ma seems to be of a fragile visualization, but eminently communicative, when invites not only to the perceptive participation of human being that lives the spatiality, but also your memory and your thought, through the relationship between man, society and culture. (MICHIKO, 2007: p. 84). The Japanese sense of Ma is not something created by a composition of elements, it is something that takes place in the imaginary of human being as he experience the architectural void created by the composition of these elements. The existence of an exclusive concept of the eastern culture and intrinsic of various artistic genders instigated the inquiry about this theme. From the western theories that assisted the understanding of the architectural void, this dissertation seeks to comprehend the concept of Ma and approximate these different cultures. With this objective of properly comprehend the concept of Ma in architecture and study it through the scientific method, different works of the contemporary architect Tadao Ando were studied in order to exemplify possible spatialities of Ma present in these works.

Orientador: Suzi Frankl Sperber / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-26T09:14:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Castro_AntonioCarlosDrummondMonteirode_M.pdf: 41931109 bytes, checksum: 47ad5a6e8b38a5fa134d534a75064490 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999 / Resumo: Estudo da sabedoria chinesa em Primeiras Estórias a partir de elementos de linguagem que, devidamente avaliados, constituem o ponto nevrálgico da trama e da cosmovisão da obra. Fazendo-se sentir por todos os seus poros -léxicos, sintáticos e poéticos - embora hegemônica, o livro não se restringe àquela sabedoria. Seguindo a tradição crítica, o autor indica, na Introdução, pontos distintivos e de contacto no profundo e constante diálogo com religiões como o cristianismo e o budismo, outras filosofias como o existencialismo, o platonismo e mesmo a sabedoria pré-socrática. Diferenças e semelhanças incidem decisivamente no estilo utilizado pelo escritor mineiro. o "foco narrativo", constituinte do olhar infantil, articula a fatura da prosa poética e da cosmovisão e, portanto é o elemento dinamizador e de descanso propagado pelo "amarelinho" - jeito carinhoso de Guimarães Rosa denominar Primeiras Estórias. As estórias escolhidas para exame procuram revelar a estruturação da obra e os principais temas narrativos: a constituição e construção do novo homem, o governo dos "homens verdadeiros", a transitoriedade da vida e a superação do medo, a graça e a predestinação, o encanto infantil. Finalizando, o texto procura amarrar pontos e aspectos revelados sem transformá-Ios em nós, porque as estórias roseanas indicam o eterno refazer da vida e não se estaria fazendo jus a elas concluir a dissertação de modo axiomático / Abstract: This study delineates, through the analysis of the language that form the nexus of the work, the presence of a tradicional Chinese Weltanschauung in Guimarães Rosa's Primeiras Estórias. Within the history of criticism the worl has received, these elements - lexical, syntactic or poetic - that permeate the work enter into dialogue with religious systems (Christianity and Buddism), and Pre-Socratic, Platonic and Existencial outlook also present in the stories, style ultimately being a product of similarities and differences among these elements. The narrative focus, constituting a childlike way of seeing, articulates dynamic and static elements from the poetic prose and Weltanschauung of' amarelinho [little yellow book]', Guimarães Rosa's affectionate way of referring to Primeiras Estórias. The stories chosen for analysis reveal the overall structure of the work and its principal narrative themes: the constitution and creation of New Man, the govemment of 'authentic men', the transitory nature of life, grace and predestination, childlike wonder and the overcoming of fear. The dissertation attempts to finalize specific points or aspects exposed by the analysis without transforming these into conundrums. Rosa' s stories indicate an Eternal recycling of life. Thus, it would be ill-advised to have concluded the dissertation in an axiomatic fashion / Mestrado / Mestre em Teoria e História Literária

Orientador: Adilson Nascimento de Jesus / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-28T09:52:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_JuliaPaulaMottade_M.pdf: 5414556 bytes, checksum: 87a0e4c21f2bd276b044fdf556721ff4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001 / Resumo: Nesta dissertação analisamos o watsu através de uma pesquisa qualitativa de abordagem fenomenológica. Refletimos a respeito do porque um trabalho corporal baseado em princípios zen budistas tem tido tão grande aceitação em países ocidentais. Nossa pesquisa nos levou a perceber que a crise no conhecimento no mundo ocidental está nos levando a um novo paradigma na área da saúde, resultando na abertura do homem para formas holísticas de tratamento. Da amostra com dez sujeitos praticantes de watsu, pudemos analisar e concluir que o watsu pode possuir um potencial terapêutico rico. Esta terapêutica representa uma alternativa significativa na busca do ser humano mais integral, pois permite que recursos internos aflorem e direcionem seus usuários no sentido do bemestar e da resolução de conflitos através da melhora da auto-estima / Abstract: In this dissertation we ana1yze watsu through a qualitative research hich is phenomenological in approach. We reflect on why would a corporeal work based on ZenBuddhist principIes have such a large acceptance in Westem countries. Our research led us to the perception ofhow the crisis ofknowledge, in the westem world, is taking us to a new paradigm in the area of health, resulting in an opening of mankind for holistic forms of treatment. From a sample of ten watsu practicing subjects, we were able to ana1yze and conc1ude that watsu may have a rich therapeutic potential. Such therapy represents a significant altemative in the search of a wholier human being, because it allows for intemal resources to emerge and to direct their users towards well-being and the solution of conflicts through the improvement of self-esteem / Mestrado / Educação Motora / Mestre em Educação Física

Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T12:22:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Valter Cardoso Tavares.pdf: 2179661 bytes, checksum: cd566ada71a901b2f568fedd777a2797 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper addresses the desertification of the municipality of the São João do Cariri/ PB and analyzes the socioeconomic and environmental vulnerabilities, revealing the interplay between the vulnerability of rural households surveyed with the phenomenon of desertification. Desertification is a major problem today and cause deleterious effects to populations. The Brazilian semiarid region is the most affected and geoecologically pre - disposed to this phenomenon region. The East Cariri and specifically the city under study is within the context of desertification. This municipality shows serious signs of degradation, such as desertification nucleus. Deforestation therefore, and inappropriate agricultural practices contribute greatly to the aggravation of the phenomenon. The present work aims to generate the index of vulnerability to desertification in São João do Cariri and simultaneously do an analysis of it. To perform the job evaluation questionnaires of socioeconomic and environmental conditions of farmers in the municipality of the ray tracing with respect to measurement of the vulnerabilities were used. In addition, literature searches were made on the Internet, articles, publications in journals, dissertations, theses and books on the subject at hand. The methodology used in the diagnosis of socioeconomic and environmental vulnerability is adapted by Rocha (1997 ), to Rio Grande do Sul, and Araújo (2002 ), Moraes Neto (2003 ), Alencar (2004 ), Duarte (2008 ) and Silva et al. (2002) for the Semi-Arid Paraiba. The study of vulnerabilities drew on a survey of rural households in the municipality of the ray tracing. The questionnaire was applied to 10 % of rural households in the city under study. For the realization of socio-economic and environmental analysis four factors related to the vulnerabilities and their respective variables were used, namely Factor Social Vulnerability: demographics, housing, food consumption, participation in organizations, and rural health; Economic Vulnerability Factor: agricultural production, animal work, income, etc.; Technological Vulnerability: use of technologies, ownership of machinery, equipment and technical assistance; Vulnerability to Drought: water resources, management of savanna, exploitation of native species, water storage, herd reduction, the occupation droughts, migration, among others. / Este trabalho aborda a desertificação do município de São João do Cariri/PB e faz uma análise das vulnerabilidades socioeconômicas e ambientais, revelando a inter-relação entre a vulnerabilidade das famílias rurais pesquisadas com o fenômeno da desertificação. A desertificação constitui um dos principais problemas da atualidade e causa efeitos deletérios às populações. O Semiárido Brasileiro é a região mais afetada e geoecologicamente prédisposta a esse fenômeno. O Cariri Oriental e, especificamente, o município em estudo está dentro do contexto da desertificação. Este município apresenta sérios sinais de degradação, como os núcleos de desertificação. O desmatamento e as práticas agrícolas inadequadas contribuem sobremaneira para o agravamento do fenômeno. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal gerar o índice de vulnerabilidade à desertificação no município de São João do cariri e, concomitantemente fazer uma análise do mesmo. Para a realização do trabalho foram utilizados questionários de avaliação das condições socioeconômicas e ambientais dos agricultores do município de São João do Cariri no que tange a mensuração das vulnerabilidades. Ademais, foram feitas pesquisas bibliográficas na internet, artigos, publicações em periódicos, dissertações, teses e livros a respeito do tema em pauta. A metodologia utilizada no diagnóstico da vulnerabilidade socioeconômica e ambiental é adaptada por Rocha (1997), para o Rio Grande do Sul e por Araújo (2002), Moraes Neto (2003), Alencar (2004), Duarte (2008) e Silva et al. (2002) para o Semiárido Paraibano. O estudo das vulnerabilidades lançou mão de um levantamento das famílias rurais do município de São João do Cariri. O questionário foi aplicado a 10% das famílias rurais do município em estudo. Para a realização do diagnóstico socioeconômico e ambiental foram utilizados quatro fatores relacionados às vulnerabilidades e suas respectivas variáveis, quais sejam Fator Vulnerabilidade Social: demografia, habitação, consumo de alimentos, participação em organizações e salubridade rural; Fator Vulnerabilidade Econômica: produção agropecuária, animais de trabalho, rendimento, entre outros; Vulnerabilidade Tecnológica: uso de tecnologias, propriedade das máquinas, assistência técnica e equipamentos; Vulnerabilidade às Secas: recursos hídricos, manejo da caatinga, exploração de espécies nativas, armazenamento de água, redução do rebanho, ocupação nas estiagens, migração, entre outros.

Si depuis l'effondrement de l'Union soviétique et la fin de la "guerre froide", la politique étrangère de la République populaire de Chine a fait l'objet de nombreuses études, aucune monographie (en 2004) ne s'est encore interrogée sur le contenu et les déterminants de la politique de Pékin à l'égard des cinq nouvelles Républiques apparues en 1991 en "Asie centrale". Aux frontières occidentales de la Chine, cinq nouvelles Républiques -le Kazakhstan, la République kirghize, l'Ouzbékistan, le Tadjikistan et le Turkménistan- regroupant une population évaluée aujourd'hui à 60 millions d'individus sont apparues du jour au lendemain sur l'échiquier régional. L'émergence de ces Républiques, dont la population est majoritairement d'origine musulmane, constitue en elle-même un phénomène d'une ampleur exceptionnelle. Elle dépasse la simple reconnaissance par la communauté internationale de cinq nouveaux États n'ayant pas d'existence préalable sur le plan international. L'enjeu est de taille car il appelle une recomposition géopolitique complète d'un espace géographique dont l'importance dépasse largement les limites territoriales de ces cinq nouvelles Républiques. Face à l'ampleur des transformations en cours, la recherche contemporaine demeure souvent tributaire d'une vision géographique issue de la guerre froide réduisant cette région à l'état d'"hinterland amorphe". Régulièrement, dans les études spécialisées, les chaînes montagneuses des Pamirs et des Tian Shan isolent encore l'espace centre-asiatique du reste du continent asiatique et de la République populaire de Chine en particulier. Il faut bien constater, et plus encore déplorer, cette place très marginale qu'occupe dans la littérature académique l'étude de la politique étrangère de Pékin à l'égard de cette région. D. Shambaugh, dans l'introduction d'un ouvrage collectif fondamental consacré à l'étude de la politique étrangère de la République populaire, avait pourtant déjà observé dès 1994 que "events in the former Soviet Union, particularly the Central Asian republics will have no small impact on China (.) China's future role in Central Asia (.) will thus become a pressing issue for future research". Cette suggestion est restée très largement ignorée. Or, la géographie, la longue durée historique mais aussi la situation politique complexe de la région autonome chinoise du Xinjiang devraient au contraire inviter les observateurs à se préoccuper de la politique étrangère mise en place progressivement par Pékin depuis 1991 à l'égard de ces nouveaux États. Face à l'Asie centrale, la République populaire de Chine se trouve confrontée à une situation tout à fait originale. Les changements intervenus en 1991, loin de mettre simplement un terme à la période de la "guerre froide" et à la menace militaire que l'Union soviétique faisait peser sur Pékin, renvoient en fait bien plus loin dans l'histoire. Si l'effondrement de l'URSS a certes clôturé l'expérience coloniale russe en Asie centrale, la situation de Pékin dans ce domaine est complétement différente. Aujourd'hui encore, la République populaire de Chine demeure dans sa composante spatiale, l'héritière de l'impérialisme de la dynastie mandchoue des Qing. L'émergence des Républiques d'Asie centrale nous ramène donc au partage de l'espace centre-asiatique entre Empire Russe et Empire Mandchou opéré au XVIIIème siècle. L'expansion territoriale des Empereurs mandchous a en effet conduit à l'annexion au domaine impérial chinois du Xinjiang/Turkestan oriental, cette périphérie contestée pendant une bonne partie de l'histoire chinoise. Dans la longue durée historique, cette région qui a certes entretenu des relations commerciales et culturelles importantes avec la Chine comme le Vietnam par exemple a en fait souvent échappé au contrôle effectif du pouvoir impérial chinois. Pékin qui a repris à son compte l'héritage territorial de la période mandchoue doit aujourd'hui gérer ce legs de l'histoire qui place sous son autorité des populations turcophones (Ouïgours, Kazakhs, Kirghizs, Ouzbeks) ou persanophones (Tadjiks), dont les liens ethniques, historiques, culturels et religieux avec l'"Asie centrale" sont extrêmement puissants. L'indépendance des Républiques d'Asie centrale accentue les problèmes liés à la gestion des "minorités nationales" auxquels la République populaire a été confrontée au Xinjiang/Turkestan oriental depuis sa fondation. L'indépendance de ces Républiques soulève donc d'importantes questions liées à la sécurité de la République populaire tout en ramenant au devant de la scène le problème de l'héritage colonial chinois, héritage que nie Pékin pour qui l'unité entre les différents groupes ethniques de la Chine fait au contraire partie du dogme officiel. La contradiction entre cette nouvelle situation internationale et le contexte interne de la République populaire de Chine apparaît donc ici en pleine lumière. C'est sans doute pour cette raison qu'un observateur chinois notait récemment que "it is probably only natural that in the last five years, China has put security concerns at the top of the agenda in its relations with Central Asian States". Face à son nouvel environnement régional, porteur de défis liés à sa sécurité, quelles ont été les réactions de Pékin ?Quelles stratégies a-t-elle développées pour y répondre ?Autrement dit, quels sont les axes de la politique étrangère que la République populaire de Chine a mis en oeuvre en direction des nouvelles Républiques depuis 1991 ?Voilà un ensemble de questions auxquelles la présente étude va tenter de répondre. Il s'agira de décrire la politique étrangère de Pékin à l'égard des Républiques d'Asie centrale depuis 1991, c'est-à-dire d'en exposer le cours et les variations ainsi que les objectifs mais aussi de tenter de l'expliquer, c'est-à-dire d'identifier les facteurs qui pèsent sur les choix des décideurs chinois et qui font la singularité de cette politique étrangère. Il s'agira d'analyser ses déterminants, tant au niveau systémique qu'au niveau interne. L'accent nous semble cependant devoir être mis plus particulièrement sur les facteurs internes car nous pensons que c'est principalement ces derniers qui déterminent et orientent les choix de Pékin face aux Républiques d'Asie centrale. / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

No description available.

In classical Japanese poetry (waka), one often equates the poetic persona with the historical poet, perhaps in part due to the fact that waka was very often used for communicative purposes as elevated dialogue. This dissertation deconstructs such a notion of the poetic persona to reveal the various factors that work in tandem to create a textual persona that is in fact rarely a straightforward representation of the poetic author. I show that the poetic persona is the contested ground upon which different actors lay their claims, that waka is a highly performative genre, and that the poet was almost always performing a specific role in front of an audience. As such, the expectations of that audience become a major factor in the “self-portrayal” of the poet, where expressions of emotions, sensations, and ideas are manifested through a complex layering of tropes and conventions that depend on audience expectations (as well as the poet’s own assumption of what these expectations may be). To further complicate matters, the transmission of waka poetry to a wider audience frequently involves the work of compilers of poetry collections, scribes, as well as commentators. To unpack these various factors, I focus on the private poetry collection of the female poet Ise (c. 875 – c. 938), who was well-respected among her early Heian contemporaries. Very little information is known about Ise, so traditionally, her private poetry collection, the Ise shū (Ise Collection), has been used as the primary source of information on this elusive poet. However, as I demonstrate, Ise did not have full control over the construction of her poetic persona; on the one hand, she was often responding to what her audience expected of her, and on the other hand, the Ise shū as we have it today is most likely the work of a compiler who had other motives. Thus, this repository of Ise’s poetry serves not only as an important representation of how Ise’s persona was constructed by both Ise herself and the compiler of her poetry collection, but also as a case study in waka textuality and manuscript culture. In doing so, I highlight the performative and participatory nature of waka—two important characteristics that exemplify the unique qualities of the poetic genre that is waka. This dissertation is organized along two major axes: synchronous and diachronous. Along the synchronous axis, I show how the poet was constantly responding to the expectations of her contemporary audience, both in poetic exchanges, which has a clearly designated audience and specific conventions, and solo compositions, which is often regarded as a freer venue of expression with fewer restrictions. As I argue, the act of composing poetry is inherently performative and more often than not, the poetic persona is an amalgamation of well-established roles within the tradition of waka, catering to what the audience desired of her. Along the diachronous axis, I look at the role of compilers, scribes, and commentators in further constructing the poetic persona through the use of paratexts, including the headnotes to poems explaining their circumstances of composition, the arrangement of poems in a specific sequence, and the framing of a poem. A comparison with other works of various genres shows that there was a great deal of experimentation with the process in which prose headnotes were combined with poetry to create narratives and construct characters. Finally, this dissertation compares various iterations of the same Ise poems in different collections to demonstrate the degree to which the interpretation of a poem and, by extension, the perception of the poetic persona depends on the intermediary roles of the compilers, scribes, and commentators of poetry collections. In short, I show that the poetic persona is the joint product of the multiple authors who work within the performative and participatory milieu of waka. The appendix contains the first full translation in English of the Ise shū, with close to five hundred poems.

No description available.

A presente dissertação se propôs a analisar quatro fabulários, tendo como fio condutor dessa escolha o Kalla e Dimna, fabulário árabe do século VIII d.C. Partindo desta obra, os estudos se orientaram tanto às suas origens, que remontam à compilação indiana Pañcatantra, datada do século I d.C. e que teve entrada no mundo árabe, bem como aos seus frutos, o Livro do tigre e do raposo e O leão e o chacal Mergulhador, dois fabulários árabes produzidos, respectivamente, nos séculos IX d.C., XI d.C. e XII d.C. e que tiveram, em relação aos anteriores, menor disseminação. Os dois primeiros fabulários tratam de uma série de temas que podem atender às normas mais gerais de decoro na sociedade, sendo que o Pañcatantra chega até mesmo a ser classificado como um tratado sobre a conduta em manuais de literatura sânscrita. Entre esses temas diversos, é notável o espaço privilegiado dado às relações políticas e aos seus trâmites. Os outros dois livros, embora inseridos na mesma tradição, deixam de lado aspectos mais gerais da convivência e passam a se deter apenas nos temas especificamente políticos. No que se refere a esse assunto em comum, é possível perceber uma série de elementos recorrentes nos quatro fabulários, entre eles, o fato de que todos tratam das vicissitudes das relações entre poder e saber, personificada em personagens-tipo que ora se aproximam, ora se afastam, mas que se mantém atrelados a uma estrutura que os molda conforme os resultados que almeja atingir. Além disso, foram estudadas as estruturas que, no caso, se apoiam na maior parte das vezes em narrativas-quadro ou prólogos-moldura a partir dos quais se desenvolvem subnarrativas e outros elementos que nos possibilitaram, ao término do estudo, apontar o que há de particular na universalidade a que se propõem os fabulários. / This dissertation aims to analyze four collections of fables, choosing as the central work from which further analysis will stem the Kalla and Dimna, an Arab collection of fables dating from the VIII century A.D. From this starting point, these studies were furthered by revisiting its origins in the Panchatantra, an Indian compilation of fables from the I century A.D. that left its marks on the Arab world, as well as its developments in the books that directly follow its legacy, the Livro do tigre e do raposo and O leão e o chacal Mergulhador, two arab collections of fables dating, respectively, to the IX century A.D. and the XI and XII century A.D. which had, however, far less dissemination than the last two works here cited. The first two collections develop around a variety of subjects relating to rules regulating manners in a broader sense, to the point that the Panchatantra has been classified as a treatise on manners in Sanskrit literature manuals. Between the diversity of subjects broached, the privileged attention given to political relations and their formalities is readily noticeable. The two other works, though part of the same literary tradition, set aside more general or day-to-day aspects of good manners to focus exclusively on political relations and political conduct. Regarding this shared thematic, a number of recurring elements can be identified, one of many being the fact that all of them deal with the specifics of the relationship stabilished between power and knowledge, personified in character types that alternate between approaching and distancing themselves from one another, but that are always attached to a structure that moulds them according to the results it desires. Beyond that, the narrative structures of the works were studied they usually make use of frame narratives or frame prologues from which further subnarratives are developed along with other elements that made it possible, at the end of this study, to point towards the particularities of the universality that the collections of fables undertake as their purpose.

The objective of this thesis is to examine the history of Oriental studies in Russia from the beginning of the first Russian interaction with Oriental societies to the end of the 19th century. In particular, the thesis attempts to explain under what conditions Russia had started conducting research on the language, history, geography and culture of the East and how Russian Oriental studies evolved from the practical aims to the academic goals. The central hypothesis of this thesis is that there is a close relationship between Russian Oriental studies and Russia&rsquo / s expansion to the East. Therefore, this thesis is an attempt to understand effects of Russian diplomatic, religious, military and of course academic goals on the Oriental studies.