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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Audiometria de altas frequências em pacientes pediátricos que receberam tratamento antineoplásico com cisplatina

Escosteguy, Juliana Ribas January 2010 (has links)
Introdução: A cisplatina pode causar danos permanentes à cóclea, inicialmente pelas células ciliadas externas da espira basal, apresentando como conseqüências alterações da seletividade frequencial da cóclea e perda auditiva neurossensorial irreversível. A audiometria de altas freqüências, por avaliar freqüências auditivas acima de 8.000 Hz, tem sido considerada como método eficaz para monitoramento e diagnóstico precoce da ototoxicidade em indivíduos expostos à cisplatina. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a audição de pacientes pediátricos que receberam cisplatina através da audiometria de altas freqüências e comparar com os resultados da audiometria tonal limiar e emissões otoacústicas por produto de distorção. Pacientes e métodos: Pacientes do Serviço de Oncologia Pediátrica do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre que receberam quimioterapia com cisplatina entre 1991 e 2008, foram incluídos nas análises. Resultados: Quarenta e dois pacientes foram avaliados. A mediana de idade à avaliação foi 14.5 anos (4 a 37 anos). Foi detectada alteração auditiva nas frequências convencionais em 24 pacientes (57%), alterações nas emissões otoacústicas foram encontradas em 27 (64%) pacientes e, quando submetidos à audiometria de altas frequências esta anormalidade foi observada em 36 indivíduos (86%). Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que a audiometria de altas freqüências é mais efetiva do que a audiometria tonal limiar e as emissões otoacústicas por produto de distorção para detectar alterações auditivas, podendo ser exame útil na prática clínica para monitoramento e diagnóstico precoce em pacientes tratados com medicações ototóxicas. / Introduction: Cisplatin may cause permanent cochlear damage by changing cochlear frequency selectivity and can lead to irreversible sensorineural hearing loss. High-frequency audiometry is able to assess hearing frequencies above 8,000 Hertz (Hz); hence, it has been considered a high-quality method to monitor and diagnose early and asymptomatic signs of ototoxicity in patients receiving cisplatin. The aims were to evaluate hearing losses induced by cisplatin in pediatric patients through high-frequency audiometry and compare the diagnostic efficacy to standard pure-tone audiometry and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions Patients and methods: Patients who had received cisplatin chemotherapy between 1991 and 2008 at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Pediatric Unit, Brazil, were included in the analysis. Results: Forty-two patients were evaluated. The median age at study assessment was 14.5 years (range 4 to 37 years). Hearing loss was detected in 24 patients (57%) at conventional frequencies. Alterations of otoacoustic emissions were found in 64% of evaluated patients and hearing loss was observed in 36 patients (86%) when high-frequency test was added. The mean cisplatin dose was significantly higher (p=0,046) for patients with hearing impairment at conventional frequencies. Conclusion: The results suggest that high-frequency audiometry is more effective than pure-tone audiometry and distortion product otoacoustic emissions in detecting hearing loss, particularly at higher frequencies. It may be a useful tool the clinic for early diagnosis and monitoring of patients treated with ototoxic drugs to prevent further deterioration of hearing function.
22

ASPECTOS ULTRA ESTRUTURAIS DE CÓCLEAS DE COBAIAS EXPOSTAS A AGROTÓXICO E GINKGO BILOBA / ULTRASTRUCTURAL ASPECTS IN THE GUINEA PIG INNER EAR EXPOSED TO PESTICIDE AND GINKGO BILOBA.

Finckler, Andréa Dulor 20 July 2010 (has links)
Brazil is among the world's largest consumers of pesticides and their increased use is given in agriculture, especially monoculture in large areas. Research shows that the ototoxic agents, in addition to compromising the peripheral auditory and vestybular systems, they may cause changes in central auditory pathways. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os aspectos ultra-estruturais de cócleas de cobaias expostas a agrotóxico e ginkgo biloba, utilizando doses comprovadamente ototóxicas, lesivas às células ciliadas externas, avaliando-se as alterações anatômicas através da microscopia eletrônica de superfície. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ultrastructural aspects of the cochlea of guinea pigs exposed to pesticides and ginkgo biloba, using ototoxic doses, damaging the outer hair cells, to evaluate the anatomic changes by surface electron microscopy. This is a prospective experimental study, conducted in guinea pigs, wich the inclusion criterion was the presence of DPOAE. The sample was divided into five groups, in which they administered 0.9% saline solution (group 1 - control), pesticides - 0.3 mg / kg / day (group 2), Ginkgo biloba - 100mg/kg/day, 90 minutes after a pesticide 0.3 mg / kg / day (group 3), pesticides - 3 mg / kg / day (group 4) and Ginkgo biloba - 100mg/kg/day, 90 minutes after a pesticide 3.0 mg / kg / days (group 5) for seven consecutive days. The pesticide used was that of methamidophos from Fersol ®. The anatomical evaluation was performed with scanning electronic microscopy. The guinea pigs subjected to pesticides showed morphological cochlear lesions in the three turns analyzed by electronic microscopy, intensified according to the dosage received from the pesticide agent. Guinea pigs treated with pesticides and Ginkgo biloba showed a maintenance of ciliary architecture in outer hair cells in all cochlear turns, whereas in the group treated only with pesticides, there was disappearance of the cilia of outer hair cells and distortion in the architecture of cilia remaining the MoU. We conclude that the greater the exposure to pesticides increased the damage in outer hair cells of the cochlea of albino guinea pigs, while those who had previously received ginkgo biloba keep outer hair cells cytoarchitecture preserved. / O Brasil está entre os principais consumidores mundiais de agrotóxicos e sua maior utilização se dá na agricultura, especialmente na monocultura, em grandes extensões. Pesquisas demonstram que os agentes ototóxicos, além de comprometer os sistemas auditivo e vestibular periféricos, provocam ainda alterações nas vias auditivas centrais. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os aspectos ultra-estruturais de cócleas de cobaias expostas a agrotóxico e ginkgo biloba, utilizando doses comprovadamente ototóxicas, lesivas às células ciliadas externas, avaliando-se as alterações anatômicas através da microscopia eletrônica de superfície. Trata-se de um estudo experimental prospectivo, realizado em cobaias albinas, cujo critério de inclusão foi à presença de OEAPD. A amostra foi dividida em cinco grupos, nos quais se administrou soro fisiológico 0,9% (grupo 1 - controle), agrotóxico - 0,3mg/Kg/dia (grupo 2), Ginkgo biloba - 100mg/kg/dia, 90 minutos após, agrotóxico 0,3 mg/Kg/dia (grupo 3), agrotóxico 3 mg/Kg/dia (grupo 4) e Ginkgo biloba - 100mg/kg/dia, 90 minutos após, agrotóxico 3,0 mg/Kg/dia (grupo 5) durante sete dias consecutivos. O agrotóxico utilizado foi o metamidofós da Fersol®. A avaliação anatômica foi realizada com Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura. As cobaias submetidas ao agrotóxico apresentaram alterações morfológicas cocleares, com lesões nas três espiras analisadas na microscopia eletrônica, intensificadas de acordo com a dosagem recebida do agente. As cobaias tratadas com agrotóxico e Ginkgo biloba, apresentaram uma manutenção da arquitetura ciliar nas células ciliadas externas em todas as espiras da cóclea, enquanto que nos grupo tratado somente com agrotóxico, houve desaparecimento dos cílios das células ciliadas externas e distorção na arquitetura dos cílios remanescentes à ME. Concluímos que quanto maior a exposição ao agrotóxico maior o dano nas CCE da cóclea de cobaias albinas, enquanto que aquelas que recebem previamente o ginkgo biloba mantêm a citoarquitetura das CCE preservadas.
23

Audiometria de altas frequências em pacientes pediátricos que receberam tratamento antineoplásico com cisplatina

Escosteguy, Juliana Ribas January 2010 (has links)
Introdução: A cisplatina pode causar danos permanentes à cóclea, inicialmente pelas células ciliadas externas da espira basal, apresentando como conseqüências alterações da seletividade frequencial da cóclea e perda auditiva neurossensorial irreversível. A audiometria de altas freqüências, por avaliar freqüências auditivas acima de 8.000 Hz, tem sido considerada como método eficaz para monitoramento e diagnóstico precoce da ototoxicidade em indivíduos expostos à cisplatina. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a audição de pacientes pediátricos que receberam cisplatina através da audiometria de altas freqüências e comparar com os resultados da audiometria tonal limiar e emissões otoacústicas por produto de distorção. Pacientes e métodos: Pacientes do Serviço de Oncologia Pediátrica do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre que receberam quimioterapia com cisplatina entre 1991 e 2008, foram incluídos nas análises. Resultados: Quarenta e dois pacientes foram avaliados. A mediana de idade à avaliação foi 14.5 anos (4 a 37 anos). Foi detectada alteração auditiva nas frequências convencionais em 24 pacientes (57%), alterações nas emissões otoacústicas foram encontradas em 27 (64%) pacientes e, quando submetidos à audiometria de altas frequências esta anormalidade foi observada em 36 indivíduos (86%). Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que a audiometria de altas freqüências é mais efetiva do que a audiometria tonal limiar e as emissões otoacústicas por produto de distorção para detectar alterações auditivas, podendo ser exame útil na prática clínica para monitoramento e diagnóstico precoce em pacientes tratados com medicações ototóxicas. / Introduction: Cisplatin may cause permanent cochlear damage by changing cochlear frequency selectivity and can lead to irreversible sensorineural hearing loss. High-frequency audiometry is able to assess hearing frequencies above 8,000 Hertz (Hz); hence, it has been considered a high-quality method to monitor and diagnose early and asymptomatic signs of ototoxicity in patients receiving cisplatin. The aims were to evaluate hearing losses induced by cisplatin in pediatric patients through high-frequency audiometry and compare the diagnostic efficacy to standard pure-tone audiometry and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions Patients and methods: Patients who had received cisplatin chemotherapy between 1991 and 2008 at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Pediatric Unit, Brazil, were included in the analysis. Results: Forty-two patients were evaluated. The median age at study assessment was 14.5 years (range 4 to 37 years). Hearing loss was detected in 24 patients (57%) at conventional frequencies. Alterations of otoacoustic emissions were found in 64% of evaluated patients and hearing loss was observed in 36 patients (86%) when high-frequency test was added. The mean cisplatin dose was significantly higher (p=0,046) for patients with hearing impairment at conventional frequencies. Conclusion: The results suggest that high-frequency audiometry is more effective than pure-tone audiometry and distortion product otoacoustic emissions in detecting hearing loss, particularly at higher frequencies. It may be a useful tool the clinic for early diagnosis and monitoring of patients treated with ototoxic drugs to prevent further deterioration of hearing function.
24

Avaliação das perdas auditivas em crianças e adolescentes com HIV/Aids / Hearing loss in children and adolescents with HIV/Aids.

Aline Medeiros da Silva 29 March 2011 (has links)
Introdução As crianças e adolescentes com HIV/Aids podem apresentar diferentes alterações auditivas as quais são mais frequentes e, muitas vezes, mais graves quando comparadas às outras crianças. Objetivos Estimar a prevalência de perda auditiva nas crianças e adolescentes tratados no Instituto da Criança ICr e verificar os fatores associados à ocorrência da mesma, utilizando duas classificações propostas na literatura. Métodos Foram analisados 106 pacientes com HIV/Aids (idade 5 19 anos) que estão em acompanhamento no ambulatório do ICr. Os indivíduos e/ou seus responsáveis responderam a diversos questionários e foram submetidos a uma anamnese para verificar qualquer sintoma ou queixa auditiva e foi feita a inspeção visual do meato acústico externo para verificar a presença de qualquer ocorrência que pudesse impedir a realização dos exames audiológicos. A avaliação audiológica foi composta pela pesquisa dos limiares auditivos testes de fala, timpanometria e pesquisa dos reflexos acústicos. A caracterização da amostra foi realizada por meio da estatística descritiva e a análise da concordância no diagnóstico da perda auditiva para as duas classificações, por meio da estatística Kappa. Para a comparação de médias de idade e tempo de uso de medicamentos antirretrovirais foi utilizado o teste t-Student. A análise dos fatores associados à presença de perda auditiva foi realizada por meio do teste associação pelo qui-quadrado e modelos de regressão logística univariados e múltiplos. Resultados Os resultados mostraram prevalência de perda auditiva de 35,8por cento utilizando a classificação proposta pelo Bureau Internacional d´Audio Phonologie (BIAP) e 59,4por cento de acordo com a classificação proposta pela American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA). A concordância no diagnóstico de perda auditiva pelas duas classificações foi boa (k=0,55). O único fator de risco para perda auditiva pelas duas classificações foi a ocorrência de otite média supurada. Pela classificação BIAP, também foi fator de risco o uso do antirretroviral lamivudina (3TC). Pela classificação ASHA, a ocorrência de doenças graves, em especial, a encefalopatia pelo HIV apresentou-se de risco para a perda de audição. Conclusões Este estudo evidenciou que a ocorrência de otite média supurada, o histórico de doenças de caráter grave, em especial a encefalopatia pelo HIV, e o uso de lamivudina contribuem efetivamente para a perda de audição nas crianças e adolescentes com HIV/Aids. O monitoramento auditivo é fundamental, visto que possibilita a detecção precoce das perdas auditivas, além de identificar a progressão da sequela. Recomenda-se que sejam feitas avaliações audiológicas periódicas / Introduction Children and adolescents living with HIV/Aids may suffer from a variety of hearing problems which are more frequent and sometimes more severe when compared to other children. Aim To estimate the prevalence of hearing loss and risk factors in children and adolescents attending at the Childrens Institute (ICr). Methods 106 patients (5 19 years) were analyzed. Patients and caregivers answered several questionnaires about demographic and clinical conditions. Subsequently, the visual inspection of the external auditory meatus was performed in order to verify if there were clinical conditions to perform the audiologic evaluation. The audiologic evaluation was conducted using pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, tympanometry and tests of acoustic reflexes. The statistical analysis was done using descriptive statistics, Kappa statistics, Students t-test, chi-square test and univariate and multiple logistic regression models. Results The prevalence of hearing loss according to the Bureau Internacional d´Audio Phonologie (BIAP) classification and to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) classification was 35.8per cent and 59.4per cent, respectively. The agreement in the diagnosis of hearing loss was good between BIAP and ASHA (k= 0.55). The only risk factor for hearing loss for both classifications was the occurrence of suppurative otitis media. For the BIAP classification, the use of lamivudine (3TC) was a risk factor for hearing loss. For the ASHA classification, the occurrence of severe illness, specially encephalopathy, was a risk factor for hearing loss. Conclusions The occurrence of suppurative otitis media, the history of a severe disease, specially encephalopathy, and the use of lamivudine effectively contribute to hearing loss in children and adolescents with HIV/Aids. Auditory monitoring is critical because it allows early detection of hearing loss and identification of its progression. It is highly recommended periodic hearing assessments
25

Audiometria de altas frequências em pacientes pediátricos que receberam tratamento antineoplásico com cisplatina

Escosteguy, Juliana Ribas January 2010 (has links)
Introdução: A cisplatina pode causar danos permanentes à cóclea, inicialmente pelas células ciliadas externas da espira basal, apresentando como conseqüências alterações da seletividade frequencial da cóclea e perda auditiva neurossensorial irreversível. A audiometria de altas freqüências, por avaliar freqüências auditivas acima de 8.000 Hz, tem sido considerada como método eficaz para monitoramento e diagnóstico precoce da ototoxicidade em indivíduos expostos à cisplatina. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a audição de pacientes pediátricos que receberam cisplatina através da audiometria de altas freqüências e comparar com os resultados da audiometria tonal limiar e emissões otoacústicas por produto de distorção. Pacientes e métodos: Pacientes do Serviço de Oncologia Pediátrica do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre que receberam quimioterapia com cisplatina entre 1991 e 2008, foram incluídos nas análises. Resultados: Quarenta e dois pacientes foram avaliados. A mediana de idade à avaliação foi 14.5 anos (4 a 37 anos). Foi detectada alteração auditiva nas frequências convencionais em 24 pacientes (57%), alterações nas emissões otoacústicas foram encontradas em 27 (64%) pacientes e, quando submetidos à audiometria de altas frequências esta anormalidade foi observada em 36 indivíduos (86%). Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que a audiometria de altas freqüências é mais efetiva do que a audiometria tonal limiar e as emissões otoacústicas por produto de distorção para detectar alterações auditivas, podendo ser exame útil na prática clínica para monitoramento e diagnóstico precoce em pacientes tratados com medicações ototóxicas. / Introduction: Cisplatin may cause permanent cochlear damage by changing cochlear frequency selectivity and can lead to irreversible sensorineural hearing loss. High-frequency audiometry is able to assess hearing frequencies above 8,000 Hertz (Hz); hence, it has been considered a high-quality method to monitor and diagnose early and asymptomatic signs of ototoxicity in patients receiving cisplatin. The aims were to evaluate hearing losses induced by cisplatin in pediatric patients through high-frequency audiometry and compare the diagnostic efficacy to standard pure-tone audiometry and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions Patients and methods: Patients who had received cisplatin chemotherapy between 1991 and 2008 at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Pediatric Unit, Brazil, were included in the analysis. Results: Forty-two patients were evaluated. The median age at study assessment was 14.5 years (range 4 to 37 years). Hearing loss was detected in 24 patients (57%) at conventional frequencies. Alterations of otoacoustic emissions were found in 64% of evaluated patients and hearing loss was observed in 36 patients (86%) when high-frequency test was added. The mean cisplatin dose was significantly higher (p=0,046) for patients with hearing impairment at conventional frequencies. Conclusion: The results suggest that high-frequency audiometry is more effective than pure-tone audiometry and distortion product otoacoustic emissions in detecting hearing loss, particularly at higher frequencies. It may be a useful tool the clinic for early diagnosis and monitoring of patients treated with ototoxic drugs to prevent further deterioration of hearing function.
26

Efeitos da exposição de frentistas a agentes nocivos ao sistema auditivo / Attendants of exposure to harmful agents effects the auditory system

Amanda Bozza 15 October 2015 (has links)
Ao se estudar as causas da perda auditiva relacionada ao trabalho, geralmente a perda auditiva induzida por ruído é a mais referida, embora a literatura especializada aponta outros agentes presentes no ambiente de trabalho que podem ser nocivos à saúde do trabalhador. Os solventes são considerados alguns desses agentes e seus efeitos sobre o sistema auditivo vêm sendo investigado por alguns pesquisadores. O uso industrial destes solventes é vasto e, normalmente as condições de trabalho presentes num grande número de indústria brasileiras expõem o trabalhador a elevadas concentrações de solventes. A convivência com as substâncias químicas nos dias atuais é, portanto, obrigatória e permanente sendo particularmente importante para os trabalhadores envolvidos em processos produtivos que direta ou indiretamente utilizem estas substâncias em razão dos danos à saúde e ao ambiente que podem resultar de sua utilização. O risco e o perigo que estão relacionados com as substâncias químicas devem ser trabalhados nas suas várias dimensões entre as quais destacamos: o potencial de dano do produto, as condições ambientais e do trabalho em que as atividades se desenvolvem e o histórico conhecido daquela realidade e de outras semelhantes a partir dos dados epidemiológicos produzidos e do conhecimento científico existente. Este estudo avaliou o perfil audiológico e caracterizou o ambiente de trabalho de frentistas de postos de combustíveis. Os procedimentos desta pesquisa foram realizados em uma clínica particular de fonoaudiologia na cidade de Bariri, e a análise laboratorial foi realizada no laboratório São José, também na cidade de Bariri. Foram utilizados audiometria convencional e de altas frequências, logoaudiometria, imitanciometria, pesquisa das emissões otoacústicas, do Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico, exames clínicos laboratoriais, assim como avaliação do ruído ambiental. Nos resultados foram encontrados limiares dentro da normalidade em todos os casos, porém, todos eles apresentaram o traçado característico da perda auditiva ocupacional em evolução, ou seja com entalhes nas frequências de 3 a 6 KHz. Houve ainda alteração nos resultados do PEATE, com aumento de latência em 20 das 32 orelhas testadas. A pressão sonora variaram entre os postos, sendo que o Posto 1 não ultrapassou 80dB, enquanto o Posto 2 apresentou picos que superaram 100dB. O Hemograma se mostrou alterado, com redução de leucócitos, em 9 dos 16 participantes. Não houveram alterações nos demais exames. Concluiu-se que esta população apresentou desencadeamento de PAIR, dentro da normalidade. Os Níveis de Pressão Sonora se apresentaram acima do previsto em lei, e a maioria dos frentistas apresentaram leucopenia, o que pode estar relacionado à exposição aos solventes em questão. Tais conclusões mostram a importância de novos estudos voltados a este ambiente e a esta população. / By studying the causes of work-related hearing loss, usually noise-induced hearing loss is the most reported, although the literature points to other agents present in the workplace that can be harmful to workers health. The solvents are considered some of these agents and their effects on the auditory system are being investigated by some researchers. The industrial use of these solvents is vast and usually working conditions present in a large number of Brazilian industry expose workers to high concentrations of solvents. Living with chemicals nowadays is therefore mandatory and permanent is particularly important for workers involved in production processes that directly or indirectly use these substances because of damage to health and the environment that may result from its use. The risk and the danger that are related to chemicals must be worked in its various dimensions among which: the product of damage potential, environmental conditions and the work in which the activities are developed and the known history of that reality and other similar produced from epidemiological data and current scientific knowledge. This study assessed the audiological profile and characterized the attendants of desktop gas stations. Were used Conventional audiometry and high frequency, speech audiometry, tympanometry, otoacoustic emissions, the brainstem auditory evoked potential brainstem, clinical laboratory tests, and assessment of environmental noise. The recognition and analysis of the risks related to chemical agents are priority activities to qualify intervention in defense of workers\' health. The results were found thresholds within normal limits in all cases, however, they all showed the typical route of occupational hearing loss in evolution. The sound pressure levels varied between the posts, and the station 1 has not exceeded 80 dB, while the station 2 showed peaks which exceed 100dB. The blood count was abnormal, with leukocyte reduction in 9 of the 16 participants. There were no changes in other tests. It was concluded that this population presented onset of NIHL, normal. The sound pressure levels presented above provided by law, and most attendants showed leukopenia, which may be related to exposure to solvents in question. These findings show the importance of new studies related to this environment and this population.
27

Auditory Effects of Exposure to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy During Gestation and Breastfeeding

DeBacker, James Riley 12 August 2021 (has links)
No description available.
28

Factors that influence the utilisation of ototoxicity monitoring services for patients on treatment for drug-resistant tuberculosis

Nhokwara, Primrose Tinashe January 2015 (has links)
Multi-drug resistance is increasingly becoming a challenge to tuberculosis control programmes globally. Treatment of multi-drug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) includes aminoglycoside antibiotics which are known to cause hearing loss. Ototoxicity monitoring services are often provided to patients undergoing treatment for MDR-TB for early detection of ototoxic hearing loss to facilitate alerting the patients and relevant medical staff about the presence and progression of any hearing loss. Previously, models of managing patients with MDR-TB required mandatory hospitalization for at least 6 months. This made it relatively easy to monitor the hearing status of patients during their stay in the hospital. However, with recent introduction of policy guidelines that support management of patients with MDR-TB on an outpatients basis, ototoxicity monitoring for these patients will need to be reorganized to align with the new policy guidelines. The extent of the uptake of these services when patients are accessing them as outpatients is however, unknown. This study therefore aimed to describe the patterns of utilisation and explore the barriers and factors that facilitate the use of ototoxicity monitoring services when provided on an outpatient basis in the Cape Town Metropolitan area, Western Cape, South Africa.
29

Hearing function in adults with Multiple Drug Resistant-TB : a retrospective review.

Kavallieratos, Angela 04 September 2012 (has links)
KwaZulu-Natal has been ranked as having the fourth highest incidence of transmitted Multiple Drug Resistant-Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in sub-Saharan Africa. Substantial literature exists indicating the permanent damage that MDR-TB medication has on hearing abilities. The purpose of this study was to describe the hearing function of adults on long term MDR-TB treatment from Murchison Hospital MDR-TB unit in the Ugu District in rural KwaZulu-Natal. The primary aim of the study was to review the possible changes in hearing function in a group of adults on long-term treatment for MDR-TB. Secondly, the study aimed to estimate the number of adults who may present with changes following MDR-TB treatment and establish if relationships exist between the audiological findings and factors such as age and gender. The design of the study was a retrospective comparative data review of 68 patient records, all of which underwent audiological investigations from the start of MDR-TB treatment over a five-month period. The study made use of descriptive and inferential statistics to analyse the data. Specific inferential statistical analysis included analysis of covariance as well as regression analysis. Results from the study showed changes in hearing function in Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAEs) and Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA) results at all five audiological sessions and across a range of frequencies. 84% of the total sample presented with overall refer readings for DPOAEs and 98.53% of the group of adults presented with criteria indicative of ototoxic hearing loss, specifically a bilateral mild-profound sloping SNHL on clinical PTA results. In the total sample of patient records reviewed in this study, all 68 records showed a change in hearing function, be that changes in DPOAE function and/or changes in PTA thresholds, following long-term treatment for MDR-TB. Variations in the effects of gender and ear difference were minimal and non-significant in all results. Similar presentation, to ototoxic hearing loss, of other degenerative conditions exists; however these conditions were accounted for as exclusion criteria in this study. Therefore the only remaining cause of possible hearing deficit was that of ototoxicity. The study provided valuable data regarding hearing function in a population of adults on long-term MDR-TB treatment in South Africa. Furthermore, the study has highlighted the need for the establishment of standardised audiological monitoring programmes sensitive to ototoxic hearing loss, within the South African context where the incidence of Tuberculosis (TB) and MDR-TB is reportedly high.
30

Effects of EF-24 and Cisplatin on Cancer, Renal, and Auditory Cells

Hodzic, Denis 01 April 2019 (has links)
Cisplatin is a chemotherapy drug effective against several forms of cancer, but can also cause serious side-effects, including nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Curcumin, a natural plant compound, can increase cisplatin’s anti-cancer activity and counteract cisplatin’s deleterious effect on the auditory and renal systems. Unfortunately, curcumin exhibits poor bioavailability, which has promoted interest in the development of synthetic curcumin analogs (curcuminoids) that are soluble, target cancer, and do not cause side effects. This study investigated whether the curcuminoid (3E,5E)-3,5-bis[(2-fluorophenyl) methylene]-4-piperidinone (EF-24) increases the anti-cancer effects of cisplatin against a human ovarian cancer cell line (A2780) and its cisplatin-resistant counterpart (A2780cis), while preventing cisplatin-mediated side effects in a human kidney cell line (HEK-293T) and a mouse auditory hybridoma cell line (HEI-OC1). The effect of cisplatin and EF-24 on cellular viability was measured using the colorimetric 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The expression and activity of signal transduction proteins in several apoptotic pathways was measured using caspase luminescence assays. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was also measured using flow cytometry. Our data suggest that cisplatin and EF-24 are effective against ovarian cancer cell lines, but both compounds may also have adverse effects on auditory and renal cells. This project provides relevant information that may improve our understanding of how these compounds function in different tissues, facilitating improved cancer treatment and circumvention of side effects commonly associated with cisplatin treatment.

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