A crescente necessidade dos enfermeiros em mensurar os resultados de suas intervenções junto aos pacientes motivou a realização deste trabalho, que teve como objetivo realizar a validação de conteúdo dos Resultados de Enfermagem NOC, selecionados a partir da ligação NOC-NANDA-I, para os Diagnósticos de Enfermagem Padrão Respiratório Ineficaz e Ventilação Espontânea Prejudicada na prática clínica de uma unidade de terapia intensiva adulto. Esta validação foi realizada seguindo o modelo proposto por Fehring, tendo este sido adaptado para a validação de resultados. A validação de conteúdo dos resultados de enfermagem foi realizada através do preenchimento de um instrumento composto por uma escala Likert de cinco pontos, na qual os enfermeiros peritos assinalaram seu julgamento quanto ao grau de importância de cada resultado aos diagnósticos estudados. Participaram do estudo 15 enfermeiros peritos da três unidades de terapia intensiva do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Os dados foram analisados através de estatística descritiva, calculando-se a média ponderada dos escores obtidos para cada resultado. Foram considerados prioritários os resultados que obtiveram média ponderada igual ou superior a 0.8. Para o diagnóstico Padrão Respiratório Ineficaz, dos 26 resultados propostos pela NOC, cinco (19,23%) foram considerados prioritários, sendo um sugerido e quatro associados adicionais. Para o diagnóstico Ventilação Espontânea Prejudicada, dos 16 resultados propostos pela NOC, cinco (31,25%) foram considerados prioritários, sendo um sugerido e quatro associados adicionais. Os indicadores dos resultados de enfermagem sugeridos na ligação NOC-NANDA-I, validados como prioritários na primeira etapa deste estudo, foram também submetidos à validação, seguindo a mesma proposta metodológica. A Classificação dos Resultados de Enfermagem NOC, ainda tema recente e pouco pesquisado em nosso meio, apresenta-se como aliada na busca pela qualidade assistencial de enfermagem, avaliando as respostas do pacientes frente às ações de cuidados implementadas. / The growing need for nurses in measuring the results of their interventions with patients, motivated this work, which aimed to perform content validation NOC Nursing Outcomes, selected from linkage NOC-NANDA-I diagnoses for Nursing Ineffective Breathing Pattern and Impaired Spontaneous Ventilation in the practice of an adult intensive care unit. This validation was performed following the model proposed by Fehring, the latter was adapted for the validation of results. The content validation of the results of nursing was conducted by completing an instrument composed of a five-point Likert scale, in which expert nurses reported their trial of the degree of importance of each outcome studied to the diagnoses. Study participants were 15 nurses experts from three intensive care units of Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, calculating the weighted average scores for each outcome. We prioritized the results obtained weighted average equal to or greater than 0,8. For the diagnosis Ineffective Breathing Pattern, the results proposed by the NOC 26, five (19.23%) were considered a priority, and suggested an additional and four associates. For the diagnosis Impaired Spontaneous Ventilation, of the 16 NOC outcomes proposed by five (31.25%) were considered a priority, one suggested and four additional associates. The nursing outcome indicators suggested in linkage NOC-NANDA-I, validated as a priority in the first stage of the study were also subjected to validation, following the same methodological approach. The Nursing Outcomes Classification NOC, recent and still little researched topic in our country presents itself as an ally in the search for quality nursing care by assessing the responses of patients against the actions of care implemented. / La creciente necesidad de enfermeras en la medición de los resultados de sus intervenciones con los pacientes, motivó este trabajo, cuyo objetivo era llevar a cabo la validación del contenido los resultados de enfermería NOC, seleccionados a partir de enlace NOC-NANDA-I para el diagnóstico de enfermería Patrón Respiratorio Ineficaz y la Ventilación Espontánea con Discapacidad en la práctica de una unidad de cuidados intensivos de adultos. Esta validación se realizó siguiendo el modelo propuesto por Fehring, el último fue adaptado para la validación de los resultados. La validación del contenido de los resultados de la enfermería se llevó a cabo al completar un instrumento compuesto de una escala de Likert de cinco puntos, en el que las enfermeras experto informó de su juicio sobre el grado de importancia de cada resultado de los diagnósticos estudiados. Los participantes del estudio fueron 15 enfermeras de tres unidades de cuidados intensivos del Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando estadística descriptiva, el cálculo de los puntajes promedio ponderado para cada resultado. Dimos prioridad a los resultados obtenidos promedio ponderado igual o superior a 0,8. Para el diagnóstico Patrón Respiratorio Ineficaz, de los 26 resultados propuestos por NOC, cinco (19,23%) fueron considerados una prioridad, un sugiere y cuatro asocia adicionales. Para el diagnóstico de Ventilación Espontánea con Discapacidad, de los 16 resultados NOC propuesto por cinco (31,25%) fueron considerados una prioridad, un sugiere y cuatro asocia adicionales. Los indicadores de resultados de enfermería sugerido en relación NOC-NANDA-I, validado como una prioridad en la primera etapa del estudio también fueron sometidos a la validación, siguiendo el mismo enfoque metodológico. La Clasificación de Resultados de Enfermería NOC, reciente y todavía poco investigado tema en nuestro país se presenta como un aliado en la búsqueda de unos cuidados de calidad mediante la evaluación de las respuestas de los pacientes frente a las acciones de atención implementado.

Introdução: O Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) é considerado padrão ouro na análise de probabilidade de sobrevida do doente traumatizado, apesar de suas limitações. Vários têm sido os esforços na tentativa de torná-lo mais acurado, tendo em vista seu importante papel nos Programas de Melhoria de Qualidade em Trauma. Objetivos: Propor três novos ajustes à equação do TRISS e comparar suas performances com o TRISS e o TRISS-like originais e com esses índices e o NTRISS com coeficientes ajustados à população do estudo; identificar se a técnica de imputação múltipla aumenta a acurácia das equações derivadas de bancos de dados com perdas e comparar o desempenho dos novos modelos quando derivados e aplicados em diferentes grupos de vítimas traumatizadas. Método: Trata-se de um estudo multicêntrico, retrospectivo, com vítimas de trauma internadas no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC FMUSP) e no Centro de Trauma da Universidade da Califórnia San Diego Medical Center (UCSD MC), no período de 1º de janeiro de 2006 a 31 de dezembro de 2010. As informações dos doentes foram agrupadas em Bancos de Dados Derivação e Teste, sendo o primeiro utilizado para derivar as equações e o segundo para validar as equações geradas. Os coeficientes dos modelos foram estabelecidos pela análise de regressão logística. A curva Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) foi utilizada para avaliar a performance dos modelos e o algoritmo de DeLonge et al. para comparar as áreas sob as curvas (AUC). Resultados: A casuística foi composta de 2.416 doentes do HC FMUSP (São Paulo, Brasil) e 8.172 participantes do UCSD MC (San Diego, EUA). Os novos modelos propostos foram o NTRISS-like, que incluiu as variáveis Melhor Resposta Motora (MRM), Pressão Artéria Sistólica (PAS), New Injury Severity Score (NISS) e idade; o TRISS SpO2, com as variáveis Escala de Coma de Glasgow, PAS, saturação periférica de oxigênio (SpO2), Injury Severity Score, além da idade e o NTRISSlike SpO2 (MRM + PAS + SpO2 + NISS + idade). Todas as equações tiveram coeficientes ajustados para trauma contuso e penetrante. A técnica de imputação múltipla aplicada à derivação das equações não melhorou a acurácia dos modelos. Os modelos TRISS original, TRISS, TRISS-like e NTRISS com coeficientes ajustados e as novas propostas não apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significativa em sua performance. As novas equações ajustadas aos dados de São Paulo e as geradas com informações de San Diego apresentaram diferentes AUC ao serem aplicadas nos dois grupos de doentes dessas localidades. A acurácia sempre foi maior quando as equações foram aplicadas na população de San Diego. Conclusões: Os novos modelos apresentaram boa acurácia (cerca de 89,5%) e desempenho similar a outros ajustes do índice TRISS anteriormente publicados; portanto, podem ser utilizados nas avaliações de qualidade da assistência ao traumatizado. Os ajustes dos índices de probabilidade de sobrevida à realidade local de sua aplicação não melhoraram seu desempenho, resultado que reforça a incerteza sobre a necessidade desses ajustes, conforme o local de aplicação do índice. / Introduction: Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) is considered the \"gold standard\" in the analysis of survival probability of trauma patients, despite its limitations. There have been several efforts to make it more accurate because of its important role in Trauma Quality Improvement Programmes. Objectives: To propose three new adjustments to the TRISS equation and compare their performances with the TRISS and TRISS-like originals and these indices and NTRISS with coefficients adjusted to the study population; identify if the multiple imputation technique increases the accuracy of the equations derived from databases with missing; and to compare the performance of the new models when derivatives and applied to different groups of trauma patients. Methods: This is a multicenter, retrospective study with trauma victims admitted to the Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC FMUSP) and the Trauma Center at the University of California San Diego Medical Center (UCSD MC) for the period between January 1st, 2006 and December 31st, 2010. The information of patients were grouped into two different databases: derivation and testing; the first one served to derive the equations and the second was used to validate the equations generated. The model coefficients were established by logistic regression analysis. Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the performance of the models and De Long et al. algorithm to compare the areas under the curves (AUC). Results: The casuistic consisted of 2,416 patients from HC FMUSP (São Paulo, Brazil) and 8,172 participants from UCSD MC (San Diego, USA). The new models proposed were NTRISS-like which included the variables Best Motor Response (BMR), Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), New Injury Severity Score (NISS) and age; TRISS SpO2 that included the variables Glasgow Coma Scale, SBP, saturation of peripheral oxygen (SpO2), Injury Severity Score and age; and NTRISS-like SpO2 (BMR + SBP + SpO2 + NISS + age). All equations had adjusted coefficients for blunt and penetrating trauma. The multiple imputation technique applied in the derivation of the equations did not improve the accuracy of the models. The original TRISS, and TRISS, TRISS-like and NTRISS with adjusted coefficients and the new proposals showed no statistically significant difference in performance. The new equations fitted to the São Paulo data and generated with information from San Diego showed different AUC when applied in the two patient groups in these localities. The accuracy was always higher when the equations were applied to the population of San Diego. Conclusions: The new models demonstrated good accuracy (about 89.5%) and similar performance to other TRISS adjustments previously published, and may be used in assessments of quality of care for traumatized. The survival probability scores adjustments to the local reality of its application did not improve its performance, a result that reinforces the uncertainty about the need for such adjustments, as the application site index.

A crescente necessidade dos enfermeiros em mensurar os resultados de suas intervenções junto aos pacientes motivou a realização deste trabalho, que teve como objetivo realizar a validação de conteúdo dos Resultados de Enfermagem NOC, selecionados a partir da ligação NOC-NANDA-I, para os Diagnósticos de Enfermagem Padrão Respiratório Ineficaz e Ventilação Espontânea Prejudicada na prática clínica de uma unidade de terapia intensiva adulto. Esta validação foi realizada seguindo o modelo proposto por Fehring, tendo este sido adaptado para a validação de resultados. A validação de conteúdo dos resultados de enfermagem foi realizada através do preenchimento de um instrumento composto por uma escala Likert de cinco pontos, na qual os enfermeiros peritos assinalaram seu julgamento quanto ao grau de importância de cada resultado aos diagnósticos estudados. Participaram do estudo 15 enfermeiros peritos da três unidades de terapia intensiva do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Os dados foram analisados através de estatística descritiva, calculando-se a média ponderada dos escores obtidos para cada resultado. Foram considerados prioritários os resultados que obtiveram média ponderada igual ou superior a 0.8. Para o diagnóstico Padrão Respiratório Ineficaz, dos 26 resultados propostos pela NOC, cinco (19,23%) foram considerados prioritários, sendo um sugerido e quatro associados adicionais. Para o diagnóstico Ventilação Espontânea Prejudicada, dos 16 resultados propostos pela NOC, cinco (31,25%) foram considerados prioritários, sendo um sugerido e quatro associados adicionais. Os indicadores dos resultados de enfermagem sugeridos na ligação NOC-NANDA-I, validados como prioritários na primeira etapa deste estudo, foram também submetidos à validação, seguindo a mesma proposta metodológica. A Classificação dos Resultados de Enfermagem NOC, ainda tema recente e pouco pesquisado em nosso meio, apresenta-se como aliada na busca pela qualidade assistencial de enfermagem, avaliando as respostas do pacientes frente às ações de cuidados implementadas. / The growing need for nurses in measuring the results of their interventions with patients, motivated this work, which aimed to perform content validation NOC Nursing Outcomes, selected from linkage NOC-NANDA-I diagnoses for Nursing Ineffective Breathing Pattern and Impaired Spontaneous Ventilation in the practice of an adult intensive care unit. This validation was performed following the model proposed by Fehring, the latter was adapted for the validation of results. The content validation of the results of nursing was conducted by completing an instrument composed of a five-point Likert scale, in which expert nurses reported their trial of the degree of importance of each outcome studied to the diagnoses. Study participants were 15 nurses experts from three intensive care units of Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, calculating the weighted average scores for each outcome. We prioritized the results obtained weighted average equal to or greater than 0,8. For the diagnosis Ineffective Breathing Pattern, the results proposed by the NOC 26, five (19.23%) were considered a priority, and suggested an additional and four associates. For the diagnosis Impaired Spontaneous Ventilation, of the 16 NOC outcomes proposed by five (31.25%) were considered a priority, one suggested and four additional associates. The nursing outcome indicators suggested in linkage NOC-NANDA-I, validated as a priority in the first stage of the study were also subjected to validation, following the same methodological approach. The Nursing Outcomes Classification NOC, recent and still little researched topic in our country presents itself as an ally in the search for quality nursing care by assessing the responses of patients against the actions of care implemented. / La creciente necesidad de enfermeras en la medición de los resultados de sus intervenciones con los pacientes, motivó este trabajo, cuyo objetivo era llevar a cabo la validación del contenido los resultados de enfermería NOC, seleccionados a partir de enlace NOC-NANDA-I para el diagnóstico de enfermería Patrón Respiratorio Ineficaz y la Ventilación Espontánea con Discapacidad en la práctica de una unidad de cuidados intensivos de adultos. Esta validación se realizó siguiendo el modelo propuesto por Fehring, el último fue adaptado para la validación de los resultados. La validación del contenido de los resultados de la enfermería se llevó a cabo al completar un instrumento compuesto de una escala de Likert de cinco puntos, en el que las enfermeras experto informó de su juicio sobre el grado de importancia de cada resultado de los diagnósticos estudiados. Los participantes del estudio fueron 15 enfermeras de tres unidades de cuidados intensivos del Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando estadística descriptiva, el cálculo de los puntajes promedio ponderado para cada resultado. Dimos prioridad a los resultados obtenidos promedio ponderado igual o superior a 0,8. Para el diagnóstico Patrón Respiratorio Ineficaz, de los 26 resultados propuestos por NOC, cinco (19,23%) fueron considerados una prioridad, un sugiere y cuatro asocia adicionales. Para el diagnóstico de Ventilación Espontánea con Discapacidad, de los 16 resultados NOC propuesto por cinco (31,25%) fueron considerados una prioridad, un sugiere y cuatro asocia adicionales. Los indicadores de resultados de enfermería sugerido en relación NOC-NANDA-I, validado como una prioridad en la primera etapa del estudio también fueron sometidos a la validación, siguiendo el mismo enfoque metodológico. La Clasificación de Resultados de Enfermería NOC, reciente y todavía poco investigado tema en nuestro país se presenta como un aliado en la búsqueda de unos cuidados de calidad mediante la evaluación de las respuestas de los pacientes frente a las acciones de atención implementado.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a responsividade da escala de avaliação funcional para pacientes com distrofia muscular de Duchenne (FES-DMD-D4), sentar e levantar do solo, no período de um ano. MÉTODO: Estudo observacional, longitudinal e retrospectivo. Foi estudada, utilizando o software FES-DMDDATA, uma amostra com 25 pacientes na atividade sentar no solo e 28 pacientes para a atividade levantar do solo. As avaliações ocorreram a cada três meses no período de um ano. Para análise estatística da capacidade de resposta foram utilizados índices de tamanho de efeito, como, effect size (ES) e Standardized Response Mean (SRM). RESULTADOS: A responsividade da atividade de sentar no solo foi considerada baixa a moderada em intervalos de três meses (ES de 0.28 a 0.54 e SRM de 0.38 a 0.71), moderada a alta em intervalos de seis meses (ES de 0.69 a 1.07 e SRM de 0.86 a 1.19), alta em intervalos de nove meses (ES de 1.3 a 1.17 e SRM de 1.26 a 1.55) e doze meses (ES de 1.9 e SRM de 1.72). Na atividade levantar do solo, a responsividade variou em baixa, moderada e alta em intervalos de três meses (ES de 0.21 a 0.33 e SRM de 0.45 a 0.83), baixa a alta em intervalos de seis meses (ES de 0.46 a 0.59 e SRM de 0.73 a 0.97), moderada a alta em intervalos de nove meses (ES de 0.76 a 0.88 e SRM de 1.03 a 1.22) e alta em doze meses (ES de 1.14 e SRM de 1.25). CONCLUSÃO: Para detectar alterações clinicamente significativas e consistentes nas atividades funcionais sentar e levantar do solo recomendamos a utilização da FES-DMD-D4 em intervalos a partir de seis meses, pois foi neste período de tempo que a capacidade de resposta variou de moderada a alta / OBJECTIVE: To evaluate responsiveness of functional scale for Duchenne muscular dystrophy - sitting and standing from the ground (FES-DMD - D4) in three months evaluation intervals in a one year follow up. METHODS: Observational, longitudinal and retrospective study. It was studied, using FESDMD- DATA software, films of sample of 25 patients performing sitting on the activity of soil and 28 patients performing the activity of from the ground. The evaluations were performed every three months within one year. The analysis for statistical responsiveness of the instrument we use effect size (ES) and Standardized Response Mean (SRM) tests. RESULTS: The responsiveness of the activity of sitting on the ground was considered low to moderate every three months (ES 0.28 to 0.54 and 0.38 to 0.71 SRM), moderate to high in intervals of six months (ES 0.69 the 1.07 and the 1.19 0.86 SRM), High at intervals of nine months (1,3 ES of the 1.17 and the 1.55 1.26 SRM), and twelve months (ES SRM 1.9 and 1.72). In raising from the ground activity, the responsiveness varied at low, moderate and high in intervals of three months (ES 0.21 to 0.33 and 0.45 to 0.83 SRM), low to high in intervals of six months (ES 0.46 to 0.59 and 0.73 to 0.97 SRM), moderate to high at intervals of nine months (ES 0.76 to 0.88 and 1.03 to 1.22 SRM ) and high in twelve months (ES 1.14 and SRM 1.25). CONCLUSION: To detect clinically significant changes and consistent in functional activities of sitting and standing from the ground we recommend using the FES-DMD-D4 at intervals from six months because it was at this time that the responsiveness was moderate to high

Introdução: As fraturas do anel pélvico são raras e graves, sua incidência é de aproximadamente 3% de todas as fraturas e a mortalidade varia de 6 a 50%. Objetivo: Avaliar os desfechos hospitalares de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de reparo de fratura do anel pélvico, admitidos em hospitais com diferentes volumes de atendimentos. Método: Coletou-se nas bases de dados públicas DATASUS (1993-2010) e Nationwide Inpatient Sample (1993-2009), brasileira e norte-americana, respectivamente, informações que permitissem estudar a associação entre os desfechos hospitalares (mortalidade, tempo de internação, complicações e alta hospitalar) e o volume de atendimento hospitalar. Resultados: A população do estudo incluiu 26.581 e 4.580 pacientes, predomínio de homens (76,9% e 62,6%) com média de idade de 35,8 (dp = 15,9) e 38,5 (dp = 17,3) anos, no Brasil e Estados Unidos, respectivamente. A maioria dos pacientes foi operada em hospital universitário no Brasil (49,3%) e hospital escola-urbano nos Estados Unidos (77,9%). A mortalidade foi observada em 1,5% na população brasileira e 7,1% na norte-americana. Em ambos os países, a mortalidade foi superior em hospitais de baixo volume de atendimento (OR =1,89; IC 95%, 1,42-2,51 e OR =1,62; IC 95%, 1,21-2,18; p<0,001) e mais frequente na primeira semana de internação (p<0,001). O tempo médio de internação foi de 11 dias no Brasil e de 18,7 dias nos Estados Unidos. Foram frequentes as complicações hospitalares em 43,3% da população norte-americana. Hospitais norte-americanos com baixo volume de atendimento encaminharam mais pacientes para centros de reabilitação (p<0,001). Conclusão: Pacientes operados em hospitais de alto volume de atendimento apresentaram menor taxa de mortalidade e a frequência de encaminhamento a hospitais de reabilitação foi menor. A associação entre complicações e volume hospitalar não atingiu significância. / Introduction: Pelvic ring fractures are rare and severe, its occurrence is about 3% approximately from all fractures and mortality rate varies from 6 to 50%. Purpose: To assess hospitals outcomes among patients undergoing pelvic fracture surgery who were admitted on different providers volumes. Method: Data were extracted from DATASUS (1993-2010) and Nationwide Inpatient Sample (1993-2009) public brazilian and north-american databases, respectively, in order to study the associations between hospitals outcomes (mortality rate, hospital stay, complications and discharge disposition) and hospital volume. Results: The study population included 26.581 and 4.580 patients who were predominantly men (76,9% and 62,6%) with a mean age of 35,8 (dp = 15,9) and 38,5 (dp = 17,3) years, at Brazil and United States, respectively. Most patients were treated at teaching hospitals (49,3%) in Brazil and in the United States at urban teaching hospitals (77,9%). Mortality had been observed in 1,5% and 7,1% in brazilian and north-american population. In both countries, mortality was higher at low hospital volumes (OR =1,89; IC, 95% 1,42- 2,51 e OR =1,62; IC, 95% 1,21-2,18; p<0,001) and at first week of hospitalization (p<0,001). The average length of stay was 11 days in Brazil and 18,7 in the United States. Hospital complications affected 43,3% of the north-american patients. Nonroutine discharge disposition was more frequent in american hospitals with low volume. Conclusion: Brazilian and North-american patients\' demographic characteristics are similar once is considered gender and age. Patients treated by providers with lower caseloads volumes had higher rates of mortality and nonroutine disposition. The association between hospital volume and complications did not achieve significance.

The current trend in psychiatric health care is towards comprehensive primary healthcare for all South Africans. This has been has been achieved by the restructuring of the National Health System (NHS) into national, provincial, district, and community levels, which provide outpatient and inpatient care at primary, secondary, and tertiary care levels. Assessment and treatment in the form of physical and psychosocial interventions form an integral part of psychiatric care. The value of personality assessment and, in particular, the potential for matching patient personality types with effective treatment options, may play a role in facilitating effective health care in the future. An overview of the literature indicates that little research has been done regarding the area of personality traits of psychiatric patients in South Africa. This study aims to explore and describe the personality traits or profile of individuals attending a private psychiatric day care facility in The Nelson Mandela Metropole (i.e., Parkwood Day Clinic). The sample consisted of 196 participants (104 male and 92 female) who attended a group programme from April 2000 to April 2001. As part of the programme, patients were required to com plete a series of pencil-and-paper measures. The questionnaires selected for this study included a biographical questionnaire, which was used to describe the biographical variables of the sample with regard to gender, age and marital status, and The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) (Costa & McCrae, 1992a), which was used as a measure of personality. The NEO PI-R is considered a concise measure of the five major domains of personality and some of the more important traits that define each domain. Together, the five domains Neuroticism (N), Extraversion (E), Openness (O), Agreeableness (A) and Conscientiousness (C), and the six facets within each domain, allow for a comprehensive assessment of adult personality. xiv An exploratory, descriptive method was used in the study, and the data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including correlations, cluster analysis, and multivariate analysis of variance. Key findings include the following: Results from the NEO PI-R domains showed a personality profile of very high scores for N, and average scores for E, O, A, and C. Within the sample, cluster analysis revealed five distinct personality profile clusters. For the biographical variable gender, significant differences were found between males and females on N, with the majority of males scoring in the category of Very High and High, and the majority of females scoring in the Average category. For the variable age, the results indicated significant differences on A, with participants in the young adulthood group scoring significantly lower on A than participants in the middle adulthood group. For marital status, on the domain of O, significant differences were found between the divorced or widowed and the married, with the married scoring in the Low category and the divorced or widowed in the Average category. On the domain of C, significant differences were noted between the singles group and the currently or previously married groups, with the single group tending to score lower on C than both other groups. These findings reveal a need for further research into personality traits and psychiatric samples, as consideration of personality traits based on the profile established, may be useful in matching patients’ characteristics with optimal treatment options.

This dissertation investigates how healthcare provider networks are formed and their effects on patient health outcomes. The first chapter explores three types of hospital networks that are intended to improve coordination of patient care across different hospitals: integrated delivery systems, accountable care organizations, and electronic health records. Using 2007-2017 Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society IT data and Medicare data on accountable care organizations and hospital quality, I document several interesting patterns regarding the formation and potential effects of these networks in the United States. I find correlations consistent with assortative matching where higher quality hospitals match with higher quality groups, which may be inefficient if there are peer effects that mean higher quality groups could have more substantial influence on lower quality hospitals that have more room to improve. I show that accountable care organizations appear to be strategic about the network formation process, omitting hospitals that are natural members. They may do so for anticompetitive reasons–ordinary least square regressions find that accountable care organization market concentration is negatively correlated with hospital quality. These regressions additionally point to the need for caution in advocating for a unified electronic health record, as hospital quality is positively correlated with regional electronic health record market concentration–which is related to coordination abilities–but negatively correlated with national concentration–which is related to competition. The second chapter takes inspiration from the descriptive results of the first chapter and establishes a causal effect of electronic health record networks at the patient level. I hypothesize that systematic, reliable transfer of patient medical history can improve clinical decisions and thus health outcomes, especially during medical emergencies. Thus, I identify patients who had emergency cardiovascular episodes in 2007-2014 Medicare claims and use a difference-in-differences strategy to estimate the causal effect of their primary care and emergency hospitals being in the same electronic health record network. I find that electronic health record compatibility decreases the mortality rate but increases the rate of other bad health outcomes by approximately the same amount, suggesting that compatibility makes it easier for patients to survive given poor health but does not overall improve health otherwise. This result highlights the importance of analyzing the effects of healthcare treatments on both the rates of mortality and negative outcomes in survivors. Only looking at the rate of negative outcomes in survivors, electronic health record compatibility would have appeared to be a harmful treatment, while it was actually reducing mortality. The third chapter moves from hospital networks, which have only one type of agent, to look at physician-insurer networks, represented by a two-sided many-to-many matching market. I use Healthgrades and National Committee for Quality Assurance consumer ratings data to collect physician and insurance plan characteristics, respectively. Descriptive statistics indicate that higher quality physicians are in more insurance networks, while higher quality plans tend to be more restricted in the numbers of physicians they accept. There is a mild correlation between physician and plan quality, but there are many possible explanations for it. To test if it is due to assortative matching and to better understand how physicians and insurers decide with whom to contract, I estimate a structural many-to-many matching model using the matching maximum score estimator. Data quality and quantity appear to be obstacles in obtaining precise estimates, so I leave further exploration of this topic to future research.

No / Person-centred care (PCC) is recommended when working with patients with neurological difficulties. Despite this, to date there has been no appropriate methodology for assessing or developing PCC in neurorehabilitation settings. Dementia Care Mapping (DCM) is a well-established tool for assessing and developing PCC in dementia settings and the current study investigated the feasibility of applying DCM on an acute neurorehabilitation ward. DCM procedure and coding required minor adaptations for use in this setting and further recommended adaptations were subsequently identified. It was found that the DCM coding system was generally suitable and could identify strengths, weaknesses and areas for development in ward care. Q-methodology identified that staff views endorsed the feasibility of using DCM in neurorehabilitation, with staff reporting that they found DCM useful and relevant to their work. DCM could be further developed for this setting by amendments to the behaviour coding system, concept and coding of person-centred care, and a population-specific manual. DCM is a promising methodology to develop and promote PCC in neurorehabilitation.

<p>Scaphoid fracture is most common in young individuals of working age. Without adequate diagnosis and treatment, long-term results are poor. Operative treatment is being recommended increasingly often instead of a long time in cast, although there is no evidence-based support for its superiority.</p><p>The present thesis focuses on diagnostic problems and therapeutic consequences of acute scaphoid fractures and of scaphoid reconstruction when other treatments have failed.</p><p>Simultaneous plain radiographs and computed tomography were done in 97 injured wrists. Structural assessments of plain radiography images were highly predictive with respect to the risk of having a displaced or comminute fracture as diagnosed on computed tomography. Any finding of a gap or step-off > 0.5 mm, the presence of an intermediate fragment or a dorsal lunate tilt of ≥ 15° identified 81 % of fractures that were displaced or comminuted when investigated with computed tomography.</p><p>Eighty-three patients were randomly allocated to and received either nonoperative treatment in cast or operative treatment with the aim of assessing long-term outcome of the two treatment options. Fifty-two of the patients were occupationally active. From an occupational perspective with an early return to work, surgical treatment was superior in individuals with manual employment, and from a health economic perspective conservative treatment was superior in non-manual workers.</p><p>Patients treated for scaphoid fractures generally do well up to 13 years after the injury based on limb-specific outcome scores. No benefits were identified with operative treatment compared to non-operative treatment in cast. On the contrary, there was an increased risk for osteoarthritis in the scaphotrapezial joint in those who were operated.</p><p>The patient-rated long-term results of silicone implant arthroplasty were good, with pain relief and reasonable hand function in many patients up to 20 years after surgery.</p>

Les maladies cardio et cérébro-vasculaires représentent la première cause de mortalité et de handicap dans le monde. Du fait des progrès thérapeutiques dans la prise en charge de ces pathologies à la phase aigüe, le nombre de patients porteurs de formes chroniques de ces affections limitant leurs capacités d’effort est en augmentation constante. La problématique de ce travail de thèse s’articule autour de l’utilisation des tests de marche standardisés dans l’évaluation des capacités d’effort des patients porteurs de pathologies coronariennes. Nous avons dans un premier temps rappelé les notions de handicap et de qualité de vie appliqués aux maladies chroniques, et la nécessité d’évaluations fonctionnelles spécifiques pour en apprécier le retentissement et l’évolution. Puis nous avons fait le point sur les modalités actuelles de la réadaptation cardiaque, en développant plus particulièrement la place de l’activité physique. Nous avons entrepris ensuite l’étude des sollicitations physiologiques induites par un test de marche rapide de 200 mètres (TMR200) chez des sujets âgés sains, puis sur une population de patients coronariens. Ce test s’est avéré bien toléré, et correspond à une intensité d’exercice intermédiaire entre le premier seuil ventilatoire et les capacités maximales d’exercice. Il apparaît ainsi particulièrement intéressant pour apprécier les capacités à effectuer des efforts fréquents de la vie quotidienne, plus intenses que ceux correspondant à la marche à vitesse spontanément adoptée au cours du classique tes de marche de 6 minutes (correspondant à un effort essentiellement aérobie). Par la suite nous avons cherché à définir la différence minimale cliniquement pertinente du test de marche (MCID) de 6 minutes (TM6) et du TMR200, afin de mieux interpréter les progrès fonctionnels des patients intégrés dans les programmes de réadaptation cardiaque après un syndrome coronarien aigu. Cette dernière a été estimée à 25 mètres pour le TM6. Enfin, nous avons étudié l’intérêt de ces tests de marche dans l’aide à l’individualisation de la prescription de l’intensité du réentraînement chez les patients coronariens. Ces modalités permettent aux patients d’être plus souvent proches des intensités d’entraînement conventionnellement préconisées, en aboutissant à des résultats comparables, sans la nécessité de pratiquer un test d’effort maximal mobilisant des moyens significatifs en personnel et en matériel. Au total, ce travail apporte des arguments pour l’utilisation en pratique clinique courante de ces tests de marche standardisés. Ils apparaissent complémentaires dans le cadre de l’évaluation objective des capacités fonctionnelles et de la qualité de vie perçue des patients âgés et coronariens. Ces résultats ouvrent des perspectives pour poursuivre l’étude de leurs propriétés métrologiques et de leurs applications cliniques au cours des affections chroniques incapacitantes. / Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases remain the first cause of mortality and handicap in the world. With the improvements in the management of the acute phase, the number of patients with limited exercise capacity due to chronic cardiovascular disease is increasing. The aim of this thesis was to conduct a thorough study of the use of standardized walk tests to assess exercise capacity in coronary artery disease patients. We first explain the concepts of handicap and quality of life in chronic diseases, and the need for functional evaluations in order to assess their impact and evolution. We then present the current modalities of cardiac rehabilitation, emphasizing the importance of physical activity. We studied the physiological demands of a 200-meter fast-walk test (200MFWT) in healthy elderly subjects, and in coronary artery disease patients. This test was well tolerated, and corresponds to an effort intensity lying between the ventilatory threshold and maximal exercise capacity. It therefore appears interesting to assess the capacities of an individual to perform activities encountered in daily life that are more intense than walking at a self-selected comfortable speed, as during the 6-minute walk test (6-MWT) (corresponding to a moderate submaximal intensity solicitation, mainly aerobic). We then investigated the minimal clinically important difference of the 6MWT and 200MFWT, in order to better appraise functional improvements in patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation after an acute coronary syndrome. This difference has been estimated at 25 metres for the 6MWT. Finally, we studied the interest of using these walk tests to individualize training intensity prescription in these patients. These modalities bring patients closer to the recommended intensity, while leading to results comparable to those of more traditional training programs, without the need for repeated expensive tests. In conclusion, this work supports the use of these standardized walk tests in routine clinical setting. They bring complementary information in the assessment of functional capacity and perceived quality of life in elderly patients and those with coronary artery disease. These results are a basis for further investigations regarding their metrological properties and clinical applications in various chronic diseases that reduce exercise capacity.