Förpackningslogistiken är en viktig del av försörjningskedjan men den får ofta för lite tid och tanke. Att fokusera på förpackningar redan i ett tidigt skede i utvecklingen av produkter kan ge kostnadseffektivare förpackningar som ger produkten det skydd den behöver. Genom att lägga ner tid på utformningen och vilka egenskaper förpackningen ska ha, kan företag minska kostnader, produktskador och miljöpåverkan. Därför är syftet med denna studie att utveckla kunskap gällande förpackningslogistikens roll och betydelse på strategisk, taktisk och operativa nivå och därigenom svara på frågeställningarna kopplat till syfte där vi avgränsar oss till primärförpackningar och förpackningslogistikens övergripande roll och betydelse på strategisk, taktisk och operativ nivå med hjälp av ett fallföretag. Utifrån syftet har en fallstudie på ett möbeltillverkande företag genomförts. Fallstudien har utförts med hjälp av observationer, intervjuer och packaging scorecard för att skapa en bild av nuläget på fallföretaget och därefter jämfördes resultatet med en litteraturstudie av befintliga begrepp om förpackningens roll och betydelse på strategisk, taktisk och operativ nivå. Resultatet visar att det tidigare funnits ett större fokus på förpackningar inom fallföretaget men inte längre eftersom andra aktiviteter anses viktigare och prioriteras. Det har lett till att förpackningarna inte har utvecklats och inga speciella insatser har inrättats. Resultatet av packaging scorecard indikerar att fallföretagets förpackningsprestanda underpresterar på de flesta kriterierna. Studien har kommit fram till att det kan finnas mycket att vinna genom att se över företagets förpackningslogistik och börja se förpackningen som en värdeskapande aktivitet. När förpackningslogistiken får det utrymme och fokus som den förtjänar kan företag skapa värde genom kostnadseffektivitet, transportsäkerhet och minskad miljöpåverkan. I studien har även en tabell tagits fram som kan hjälpa företag att börja arbeta med förpackningslogistik och därefter överväga och utreda hur företaget kan arbeta med dem olika kriterierna / Packaging logistics is an important part of the supply chain, but it often gets too little time and thought. Focusing on packaging at an early stage in the development of the product can provide more cost-effective packaging that gives the product the protection it needs. By spending time on the design and what characteristics the packaging should have, the company can reduce damaged goods, get safer shipping and reduce its storage costs.   The purpose of the study is to develop knowledge regarding the role and importance of packaging logistics at strategic, tactical and operative level and thereby answer the relevant questions.   Based on the purpose, a case study of a furniture manufacturing company has been carried out. The case study was performed using observations, interviews and a packaging scorecard to create a picture of the current situation at the case company and then the findings were compared with a literature study of existing concepts on the role and significance of packaging at the strategic, tactical and operational level.   The results show that there has previously been a greater focus on packaging within the case company, but now other activities are considered more important and prioritized. As a result, the packaging has not been developed and no special efforts have been made. The result of the packaging scorecard indicates that the case company's packaging performance underperforms most criteria. The study concluded that there could be a lot to gain by reviewing the company's packaging logistics and start seeing packaging as a value added activity. When packaging logistics gets the space and focus it deserves, companies can create value by cost reduction, fewer damages and less environmental impact. In the study, we have also developed a table that can help companies start working with packaging logistics.

Som ett kostnadsreducerande verktyg har förpackningslogistiken synnerligen blivit ett attraktivt område inom den svenska detaljhandeln. Hur organisationer inom branschen sedan anpassar sig till förpackningslogistik blir i sig fundamentalt för utfallet. Med grund till detta har tre välkända aktörer inom den svenska detaljhandeln djupgående studerats. Dels för att belysa de möjligheter och svårigheter ett förpackningslogistiskt styre medför, men också för att klargöra om hur ett företag bör förbereda sig organisatoriskt för att implementera ett förpackningslogistiskt förhållningssätt. Det teoretiska forskningsbidraget från studien inkluderar ett förpackningslogistiskt hjälpmedel/analysverktyg för företag att förhålla sig till inför en eventuell implementation av den. Utifrån analysverktyget exemplifierades fem fundamentala steg som ett företag inom detaljhandeln bör ta i hänsyn för en lyckad förpackningslogistisk implementering och fortsatt styrning av den. / As a cost-cutting tool, packaging logistics particularly have become an attractive area within the Swedish retail and FMCG area. How organizations in the industry since adapt to packaging logistics is itself fundamental to the outcome. The basis for this study involves three well-known Swedish players in the retail and FMCG area. The study has highlighted opportunities and challenges that packaging logistics entails. It also clarifies how a company should prepare organizationally to implement a packaging logistics approach. The theoretical contribution of the research study includes an analysis tool for companies to relate to for a possible implementation of packaging logistics in the organisation. Based on the analysis tool, five fundamental steps exemplifies what companies in the retail and FMCG-area should take into consideration for a successful packaging logistical implementation and on-going management of it.

Idag sker en snabb ökning av handeln med varor och tjänster över hela världen. Detta ställer krav på att genom förpackningssystem bidra till effektivitet i distributionskanaler. Det vill säga att bygga upp system av förpackningar som möter de krav som ställs hos organisationerna som samverkar för distributionen av varor. Dock finns en bristande kunskap om distributionskanalers uppbyggnad och de krav som ställs vilket leder till problem. För att undvika suboptimeringar krävs en helhetssyn av distributionskanaler. Detta är särskilt viktigt för förpackningssystem som spelar en viktig roll i distributionen av varor. Små problem i systemen kan leda till stora problem genom hela kanalen. Identifieras inte brister längs flödet kan det vara svårt för förpackningsutvecklare att ta fram nya lösningar. Holistiskt belyser examensarbetet förpackningssystemets funktioner och brister i olika distributionskanaler. Genom en vidareutveckling och IT-fierad modell presenteras systemets utförande och tänkbara förbättringsförslag längs hela logistikflödet. Syftet med examensarbetet är att påvisa att en holistisk syn kan bidra till att skapa effektivitet i distributionskanaler. Genom att skapa en modell belysa förpackningssystems bidrag till ett effektivt distributionsflöde, det vill säga flödet genom en kanal. Vidare generera analyserbar data om hur små förändringar på förpackningssystem skulle kunna leda till ökad effektivitet genom hela distributionsflödet. För att svara på de ställda frågorna har litteraturstudier och fallstudier gjorts. För att mäta förpackningssystems effektivitet i distributionskanaler har verktyget Packaging Scorecard utnyttjats. Vidare har IT-baserade verktyg använts. Fallstudier visar att små förändringar kan bidra till effektivt utnyttjande av förpackningssystem i hela distributionskanalen. En vidareutveckling av Packagning Scorecard med tillämpning av CapePack- och CAD-verktyg har resulterat i en ny modell. Resultatet visar att modellen kan bidra till ökad förståelse för hur förpackningssystem kan skapa effektivitet. Genom tillämpning av verktygen CapePack och CAD kan förpackningsrelaterade problem längs distributionskanalen illustreras för vidare analys. Arbetet har bidragit till en verifiering av verktyget och har banat väg för en IT-fiering. / Today the trade with products and services are fast moving on the global market place. This requires that the packaging system should be able to create efficiency in distribution channel. Still there is a lack of knowledge in development of the distribution channel. This leads to problems. A holistic view of the distribution channels is needed to avoid sub optimisations. This is especially important regarding packaging systems that are important for the distribution of goods. Minor problems in the system may lead to major problems in the distribution channel. It can be difficult for the designers of packaging to develop new solutions if insufficiencies are not identified in the distribution flow. The master thesis illustrates a holistic view of the packaging system’s benefit and lack in functionalities in distribution channel. Through development and an IT-fied model the systems implementation and possible proposals of improvements can be done in the distribution flow. The purpose of the master thesis has been to prove that a holistic approach may contribute to an effective distribution flow. It has also been to generate analysable data about how minor changes in packaging systems may lead to increased efficiency through the entire distribution chain. Case studies and Literature studies have been done to find answers to the questions. Packaging Scorecard has been used to measure performance of the packaging systems. Further has an IT based tool been used. The case study shows that minor changes may contribute to efficient usage of packaging systems in the complete distribution channel. Further developments of the Packaging Scorecard applying CapePack and CAD tools have resulted in a new model. The result shows that the model may contribute to increase the understanding of how the packaging systems can create efficiency. Package related problems in the distribution channel can be illustrated and analysed by using the tools CapePack and CAD .The work has contributed to a validation of the tool and also introduction for the use of IT.

For manufacturing companies, the supply chain operations can be very large. Both supplies and delivery to the end customer need to be strategically planned and executed. Inthis thesis, we have looked closer at one of the largest heavy vehicle brands in the world,Scania, and zoomed into a certain part of their supply chain. All parts that are in atruck have their origin, and from this origin, the parts are sent over and over again tothe production facilities of Scania as trucks and buses are being produced. To make surethat the flow of parts to the production units is as efficient as possible, Scania providesits own packaging to the suppliers, and that is what this thesis analyses.We investigate how Scania can make sure that their empty packaging is delivered to thesuppliers in the most cost and CO2 efficient way possible. We begin by describing thecurrent state of the packaging logistics network and what the transport flows look liketoday. From here, we describe the circumstances that are important for the supply chainoperations. Further on we describe theory related to the subject, such as various locationmodels, graphs, networks, and sustainability-related topics among other things. Withhelp from the presented theory and by data preprocessing, we are able to translate theproblem into a mixed integer linear program which tries to minimise the total transportation costs related to the distribution network of packaging. We present our findings anddiscuss the relevance of the results obtained. Finally, we give our recommendations andprovide suggestions for further studies within the area.

This thesis is a study for analysing costs affected by packaging in a producing industry. The purpose is to develop a model that will calculate and present possible cost savings for the customer by using Volvo Logistics Corporations, VLC’s, returnable packaging instead of other packaging solutions. The thesis is based on qualitative data gained from both theoretical and empirical studies. The methodology for gaining information has been to study theoretical sources such as course literature and articles, as well as through interviews and consolidation with staff at Volvo Logistics Corporations office in Gothenburg. The model is constructed in Microsoft Excel and consists of six different sheets. The first sheet is a front page that summarises the costs calculated in the other sheets and presents the possible cost savings. After the front page there are three sheets with calculations for the costs in different scenarios, Today’s Situation, VLC Packaging Solution (Pre implementation) and VLC Packaging Solution (Post implementation). The first sheet, Today’s Situation, presents the result of the model that will calculate the customers’ current costs that are associated with packaging. The different costs presented in the model are costs for unloading, repacking, today’s cost for an internal packaging solution, quality related costs, one-way packaging costs and the costs for other packaging solutions. The next sheet, VLC Packaging Solution (Pre), presents an estimation of the cost for thecustomer when using VLC’s returnable packaging system. The estimation will serve as an investment tool, for calculating possible cost savings compared to the present situation. The different costs that will be discussed are handling costs, quality related costs, distribution cost, transaction cost, and investment cost. The third and final calculation sheet, VLC Packaging Solution (Post), presents the actual costs for the customer after the implementation. When the costs have been calculated they will be used to evaluate the actual cost savings for the customer. The last two sheets are a data sheet, which consists of data needed for the calculations in the previous sheets, and an instruction sheet where there are instructions to the different calculations in the model. The conclusion shows that the objective to create a model for calculating the costs for different packaging systems and present possible cost savings is fulfilled.

<p>This thesis is a study for analysing costs affected by packaging in a producing industry. The purpose is to develop a model that will calculate and present possible cost savings for the customer by using Volvo Logistics Corporations, VLC’s, returnable packaging instead of other packaging solutions.</p><p>The thesis is based on qualitative data gained from both theoretical and empirical studies. The methodology for gaining information has been to study theoretical sources such as course literature and articles, as well as through interviews and consolidation with staff at Volvo Logistics Corporations office in Gothenburg.</p><p>The model is constructed in Microsoft Excel and consists of six different sheets. The first sheet is a front page that summarises the costs calculated in the other sheets and presents the possible cost savings. After the front page there are three sheets with calculations for the costs in different scenarios, Today’s Situation, VLC Packaging Solution (Pre implementation) and VLC Packaging Solution (Post implementation). The first sheet, Today’s Situation, presents the result of the model that will calculate the customers’ current costs that are associated with packaging. The different costs presented in the model are costs for unloading, repacking, today’s cost for an internal packaging solution, quality related costs, one-way packaging costs and the costs for other packaging solutions. The next sheet, VLC Packaging Solution (Pre), presents an estimation of the cost for thecustomer when using VLC’s returnable packaging system. The estimation will serve as an investment tool, for calculating possible cost savings compared to the present situation. The different costs that will be discussed are handling costs, quality related costs, distribution cost, transaction cost, and investment cost. The third and final calculation sheet, VLC Packaging Solution (Post), presents the actual costs for the customer after the implementation. When the costs have been calculated they will be used to evaluate the actual cost savings for the customer. The last two sheets are a data sheet, which consists of data needed for the calculations in the previous sheets, and an instruction sheet where there are instructions to the different calculations in the model.</p><p>The conclusion shows that the objective to create a model for calculating the costs for different packaging systems and present possible cost savings is fulfilled.</p>

Sustainable development has become preeminent for government and corporations as the awareness of environmental impact of human activities increases. Integration of sustainability in supply chains requires companies to look at all three pillars of sustainability. Yet, environmental sustainability remains the most prominent and it has popularized terms like carbon footprint and carbon emissions between academics and professionals. Under supply chain, logistics remain a key strategic factor for companies to gain competitive advantage. Packaging fulfills the functional requirements of logistics, marketing, and the environment. This case study, based on active research is conducted using field notes, interviews, participant observation and corporate documents, aims to contribute to the academic field of packaging and sustainability in packaging process, by revealing the relationship between the secondary packaging and transportation emissions, as well as criteria for assessing secondary packaging material for sustainability. This topic is hence relevant and adds on to the current research conducted on packaging logistics and sustainability in secondary packaging. The research is based on existing literature and is supplemented with an empirical case study of a global life science company. The empirical setup enables to explore the relationship between secondary packaging and transportation emissions with a real-life example and enables to create a framework for sustainable assessment of secondary packaging process that focusses on volume optimization and a circular approach.

Accidents cause economic losses to the company as well as suffering and general discontent among the employees. With an increased global responsibility, companies are not only answerable for what goes on inside their own gates but also for retailers and customers. When the packaging becomes a danger, how will we know what to replace it with? At IMI Hydronic Engineering, employees hurt themselves on the metal staples that seal the cartons, but is replacing metal staples with plastic tape an economical and safely viable option? This thesis dives into the workplace environment and collects data from semi-structural interviews with the employees and an evaluation of internal accident records. The main focuses are safety and economics, although the economy aspect has had to stand back due to the lack of empirical data. The results show that the tools and systems in place to protect the employees, where applied, are working and the workers believe that their job could be executed with a lower risk, perhaps even without a loss of production. The suggestion to the company is that to fully understand the costs, a collection of data regarding the current costs is needed and that usage of gloves by the employees might help lower the number of accidents per year. Suggestions for further studies include ecological aspects, profit versus costs and product returns due to inadequate packaging.

This diploma thesis deals with the issue of packaging management. Using methods employed in logistics and modeling tool ARIS, the analysis will examine the current situation and its related problem areas. Subsequently, there will be designed such a management concept that would eliminate these areas in order to make the management process streamline, automate and to lead to overall reduction in logistics costs.