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Characterization of Candida species isolated from the oral mucosa of HIV-positive African patientsAbrantes, Pedro Miguel dos Santos January 2013 (has links)
<p>  / </p>
<p align="left">One of the most common HIV-associated opportunistic infections is candidiasis, caused by <i><font face="TimesNewRoman,Italic">Candida albicans </font></i><font lang="KO" face="TimesNewRoman">or other </font><i><font face="TimesNewRoman,Italic">Candida </font><font lang="KO" face="TimesNewRoman">species. In immune suppressed subjects, this commensal organism can cause an increase in patient morbidity and mortality due to oropharyngeal or systemic dissemination. Limited information exists on the prevalence and antifungal susceptibility of </font><i><font face="TimesNewRoman,Italic">Candida </font><font lang="KO" face="TimesNewRoman">species in the African continent, the most HIV-affected region globally and home to new and emerging drug resistant </font><i><font face="TimesNewRoman,Italic">Candida </font><font lang="KO" face="TimesNewRoman">species. The mechanisms of </font><i><font face="TimesNewRoman,Italic">Candida </font><font lang="KO" face="TimesNewRoman">drug resistance in the African continent have also not been described. In this study, 255 </font><i><font face="TimesNewRoman,Italic">Candida </font><font lang="KO" face="TimesNewRoman">species isolated from the oral mucosa of HIV-positive South African and Cameroonian patients were identified using differential and chromogenic media and their drug susceptibility profiles tested using the disk diffusion method and the TREK Sensititre system, an automated broth microdilution method. </font><i><font face="TimesNewRoman,Italic">Candida </font><font lang="KO" face="TimesNewRoman">cell wall fractions were run on SDSPAGE and HPLC-MS with the aim of identifying peptides specifically expressed by antifungal drug resistant isolates. Comparisons between the two groups of isolates revealed differences in </font><i><font face="TimesNewRoman,Italic">Candida </font><font lang="KO" face="TimesNewRoman">species prevalence and drug susceptibility with interesting associations observed between specific drug resistance and duration of ARV therapy. This study showed that fluconazole, the drug of choice for the treatment of candidiasis in the African continent, is not an effective therapy for most cases of </font><i><font face="TimesNewRoman,Italic">Candida </font><font lang="KO" face="TimesNewRoman">infection, and suggests that regional surveillance be implemented in the continent. A multiple-drug resistant </font><i><font face="TimesNewRoman,Italic">Candida </font><font lang="KO" face="TimesNewRoman">strain was identified in this study, a finding that has not previously been documented. The use of proteomics tools allowed for the identification of peptides involved in drug resistance and the elucidation of </font><i><font face="TimesNewRoman,Italic">Candida </font><font lang="KO" face="TimesNewRoman">colonization mechanisms in HIV-infected African patients.</font></i></i></i></i></i></i></i></i></i></i></p>
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Vart bör Kiribati, Tuvalu och Marshallöarnas befolkningar ta vägen? : En normativ analys inom ämnet för klimatförändringarnas utmaningarWallin, Pontus January 2015 (has links)
The effects of anthropogenic climate change are becoming more and more visible as being highlighted by scientists, politicians and media. The causes of droughts, floods, melting ice caps and rising sea levels can all partially be traced back to human activities. In this study, I examine where the future climate refugees of Kiribati, Tuvalu and the Marshall Islands should go when inhabitants of these low lying island nations are forced to leave their disappearing territories due to sea level rise. By using a normative method of analysis i egentlig mening, arguments deriving from certain values will be presented to confront the problem. These values originate from Edward A. Page’s theories concerning justice in sharing the burdens of climate change. Combined with a complementary utilitaristic value, the conclusion is that Australia is most suitable to host future climate refugees of these particular island nations, while the justice based values alone concludes the US as its preferred choice. In parallel, normative political theory will be evaluated regarding its functionality in the subject of global climate questions. Hence this study contains two purposes; to argue where the islanders should go, and whether a normative methodology is suitable when solving such a problem.
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Taking possession of astronomy : Frontispieces and illustrated title pages in 17th-century books on astronomyElmqvist Söderlund, Inga January 2010 (has links)
The thesis is a survey of 291 frontispieces and illustrated title pages in European books on astronomy from the 17th century. It is a quantitative and qualitative survey of how motifs are related to consumption, identification and display. Elements in the motifs related to factual content as opposed to those aimed to raise the perceived value of astronomy are distinguished. The quantitative study shows that astronomical phenomena (90 per cent) and scientific instruments (62 per cent, or as much as 86 per cent if only titles with illustrations occupying an entire page are considered) are the most common motifs to inform the reader of the genre. Besides these, a wide range of depicted features indicate the particularity of each title. Different means for raising the value of astronomy and its attributes are identified. The interplay of “real” or “credible” elements with fictional ones was used to attract attention, create positive associations and promote acquisition and reading. The motifs mainly promote delectation and erudition, although some attract attention through their deliberately enigmatic design and a few through fear. The survey determines prevalent settings (palaces, the theatre, gardens, the wilderness and the heavens), activities (skilful use of instruments, conversations or disputes), references to the ancients and heraldic components. They present both the self-image of astronomers at the time and ideal components that contain connotations of an enhanced reality. This self-image also contributed to the definition of normative values for astronomers in the 17th century. The affinities between painters and astronomers are examined. In addition, an analysis of descriptions of frontispieces is undertaken, which shows that the user of the book was expected to devote considerable time to the frontispiece in order to understand all of its particular features and that the illustrations were suitable for display and learned digression.
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Design and implementation of hypermedia learning environments that facilitate the construction of knowledge about analytical geometryPavaputanon, Lha January 2007 (has links)
This study aimed to develop a teaching and learning model, based on principles derived from the fields of constructivist theory, schema theory, critical literacy theory, and design theory, to inform the development of hypermedia-mediated learning environments that facilitate the construction of mathematical knowledge by secondary school students in Thailand. In this study, the participants were a group of three secondary school students from the Demonstration school attached to the Faculty of Education at Khon Kaen University (Thailand). In order to ascertain how mathematical learning could be facilitated by the process of designing a web page that could be used to introduce other students to analytic geometry, all three participants were asked to work collaboratively to design an analytic geometry web page. The process of designing the web page was informed by a theoretical model derived from an analysis and synthesis from the research literature on constructivist theory, schema theory, critical literacy theory, and design theory. Findings from the study indicated that the creation of a web page facilitated and enhanced the Thai students' learning about analytic geometry. The major outcomes from the study are a revised theoretical framework to inform the integration of the design of mathematical web pages into Thai mathematics classrooms and a conceptual map framework to assess qualitative and quantitative changes to students' repertoires of knowledge about analytic geometry that emerge during the process of designing a webpage.
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Molecular studies of the response of Helicobacter hepaticus to bile, and the effect of Helicobacter bilis on human hepatoma cellsOkoli, Arinze Stanley, Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW January 2009 (has links)
Enterohepatic Helicobacter species (EHS) are emerging infectious disease agents. Infection of the enterohepatobiliary tract of several mammals by this group of bacteria results in various pathological disorders. The availability of the Helicobacter hepaticus sequenced and annotated genome, allowed molecular characterisation of the responses of H. hepaticus to host factors such as bile. The adaptation/responses of the bacterium to bovine, porcine and human bile were investigated using proteomics and transcriptomics. Ninety-one different proteins were identified in the responses of H. hepaticus response to the three types of bile. These proteins participate in several key cellular processes including DNA replication; protein transcription, translation and folding; oxidative stress response; motility; virulence; and metabolism. In particular, the bacteria deployed several strategies such as inhibition of the TCA cycle and the electron transport chain as well as iron sequestration to ensure control of the levels of hydroxyl radicals. The results of this study revealed also the modulation by bile of the expression of H. hepaticus genes involved in response to oxidative stress and virulence. The responses of human HEp-2 and Huh7-derived cell-lines to H. hepaticus and Helicobacter bilis, respectively, were investigated employing proteomics and transcriptomics. One-hundred and twenty different proteins were differentially expressed in the responses of the human cells to the presence of Helicobacter spp. in the cell cultures. These proteins are involved in regulation of cell proliferation and structure; metabolism; protein transcription, translation and modification; stress response; and tumour induction. For example, in co-cultures of Huh7-derived cells and H. bilis, the activation of several mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins and the dysregulation of several apoptosis effectors were suggested as mechanisms that could result in the death of the liver cells. Importantly, the differential expression of several tumour-related proteins by the Huh7 cells supported a possible role for Helicobacter spp. in liver cancer.
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Hiram Page : an historical and sociological analysis of an early Mormon prototype /Stewart, Bruce G. January 1987 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of History. / Bibliography: leaves 182-189.
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PESQUISADORES DA LINGUAGEM NO CIBERESPAÇO: UM ESTUDO SOBRE O GÊNERO HOME PAGE PESSOAL / RESEARCHERS OF LANGUAGE ON CYBERSPACE: A STUDY ABOUT THE DISCOURSE GENRE PERSONAL HOME PAGEMarshall, Débora 27 June 2005 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The first personal home pages appeared in the mid 1990 s, ever since this discourse genre have been growing more and more popular. Considered an emergent genre whose structural
organization isn t still consolidated, it is known for the idiossincratic originality that marks each exemplar, what makes it difficult for one to shape archtypes of the genre (Killoran, 2003:1-2). The consolidation of its structural organization will be implied from the increasing
dissemination of its use (Dillon and Gushrowski, 2000:1-2). Some studies (Miller, 1995;Chandler, 1998; Dillon and Gushrowski, 2000; Komesu, 2001; Marshall, Motta-Roth and
Reis, 2004) have found textual and contextual aspects that can be considered characteristic of the genre. Aiming at elaborating a description of the contextual and textual configuration of this genre, in this study, I examine academic personal home pages written by famous and consecrate researchers interested in studying language. From this investigation, I intend to:a) identify what the authors talk about in their home pages; b) analyze the ethos ascribed to the author and identify feasible relationships between author and reader; and c) examine how the genre is constructed by the resources of the electronic medium. For that purpose, in the textual analysis, six home pages were analyzed in the light of the relevant literature. In the contextual analysis, interviews were carried out with the authors of those home pages. As revealed by the analysis of interviews and texts, the authors seem concerned with making their work available for free on their personal websites. The contextual analysis showed that they seem to be open to establish contact with the reader of the home page, since all of them provide postal and/or electronic address on the page. Moreover, the communication mediated by the home page seems to have increased the contact between the author and the international academic comunity. The results also show that the authors lexicogrammatical choices for representing themselves signal to a set of personal values proper of good members of the academic comunity they take part in. It may be concluded that this genre consists of a good medium for professors and researchers to make their work known and to publish it for everybody around the globe, for them to access this work for free. It means promoting democracy of access to information and knowledge. These findings point out the relevance of describing and explaining social and discursive practices in the ciberspace in order to take advantage of the electronic medium in favour of collaborative and democratic forms of interaction as well as construction of meaning. / As primeiras home pages pessoais apareceram em meados dos anos noventa. Desde então, esse gênero discursivo tem se tornado cada vez mais popular. Considerado um gênero emergente cuja organização estrutural ainda não está consolidada, é conhecido pela originalidade idiossincrática que marca cada exemplar, o que torna difícil a elaboração de
arquétipos do gênero (Killoran, 2003:1-2). A crescente disseminação do seu uso, implicará na consolidação de sua organização estrutural (Dillon e Gushrowski, 2000:1-2). Alguns
estudos (Miller, 1995; Chandler, 1998; Dillon e Gushrowski, 2000; Komesu, 2001; Marshall, Motta-Roth e Reis, 2004) detectaram aspectos textuais e contextuais que podem ser
considerados característicos do gênero. A fim de elaborar uma descrição da configuração textual e contextual desse gênero, neste trabalho, analisei home pages pessoais acadêmicas de famosos e consagrados pesquisadores da linguagem. A partir desta investigação, busco: a) identificar os assuntos abordados pelos autores em suas home pages; b) investigar o ethos atribuído ao autor e identificar possíveis relações entre autor e leitor; e c) investigar o papel dos recursos oferecidos pelo meio eletrônico para a organização desse gênero. Com essa finalidade, na análise textual, seis home pages foram
analisadas considerando-se a literatura pertinente. Para investigar o contexto, foram realizadas entrevistas com os autores dessas home pages. Conforme demonstrou a análise
das entrevistas e dos textos, os autores parecem preocupados em disponibilizar suas publicações em suas home pages pessoais. A análise do contexto revelou que eles se mostram abertos a estabelecer contato com o leitor da home page, visto que todos fornecem endereço postal e/ou eletrônico na home page. Além disso, a comunicação mediada pela home page parece ter incrementado o contato do autor com a comunidade acadêmica internacional. Os resultados também mostram que as escolhas lexicogramaticais dos
autores para representar a si mesmos evidenciam um conjunto de valores pessoais associados a bons membros da comunidade acadêmica da qual eles participam. É possível
concluir que a home page pessoal representa um bom meio para professores e pesquisadores divulgarem e publicarem seu trabalho para o mundo, a fim de que todos possam acessar essas obras gratuitamente. Isso significa promover a democratização do acesso à informação e ao conhecimento. Esses resultados indicam a importância de descrever e explicar as práticas socias e discursivas no ciberespaço a fim de tirar proveito do meio eletrônico em prol de formas de interação e construção de significado que sejam colaborativas e democráticas.
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Estudo de biomarcadores de mercúrio em peixes da amazônia por meio da metalômica e análise do estresse oxidativoBittarello, Alis Correia January 2017 (has links)
Orientador: Pedro de Magalhães Padilha / Resumo: O mercúrio é um metal tóxico, de distribuição ubíqua, com capacidade para bioacumulação e biomagnificação, que provoca alterações em biomoléculas importantes no metabolismo e contribui para o estabelecimento do estresse oxidativo em organismos aquáticos. Logo, o presente estudo teve por objetivo identificar e avaliar possíveis biomarcadores proteicos e/ou enzimáticos da toxicidade do mercúrio em peixes da região amazônica, por meio do estudo metaloproteômico e avaliação do estresse oxidativo. Foram utilizadas metodologias de fracionamento e identificação de proteínas por eletroforese bidimensional (2D PAGE) associada à espectrometria de massas (MS), mapeamento do mercúrio, em spots proteicos, por espectrometria de absorção atômica em forno de grafite (GFAAS) e avaliação de marcadores de estresse oxidativo. As espécies utilizadas foram o Plagioscion squamosissimus (corvina) e Colossoma macropomum (tambaqui), coletados na área da Usina Hidrelétrica de Jirau (rio Madeira-RO), que foram selecionadas em função da abundância populacional, interesse para a pesca e posição diferente na cadeia trófica (carnívoro e onívoro, respectivamente). Os tecidos amostrados foram o hepático, renal e muscular. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram maior concentração de mercúrio total no P. squamosissimus, espécie carnívora, e padrão de distribuição deste elemento igual para ambas as espécies (fígado>rim>músculo). Há tendência para maior atividade enzimática nos tecidos hepático e renal da espécie com... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Doutor
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Personalização de interfaces web para sites institucionais com base em perfis de usuáriosLima, Paulo Sérgio Rodrigues January 2002 (has links)
A crescente utilização de computadores e a popularização da Internet contribuem cada vez mais para que usuários não especialistas em informática tenham acesso a sistemas computacionais. Tais usuários possuem diferentes habilidades, formações e idades que devem ser levadas em consideração no projeto de uma boa interface. No entanto, no projeto de interfaces web é muito difícil identificar essas características do público alvo, tendo em vista que ele é bastante diversificado. Assim, construir uma interface que atenda os requisitos de todos os usuários de um site não é uma tarefa fácil. Se o projetista tivesse uma maneira de conhecer o seu público, grande parte dos problemas de interação entre usuário e interface poderiam ser resolvidos. Assim, a fim de auxiliar na tarefa de conhecer o público que um site possui, várias técnicas estão disponíveis. Independente das características dos usuários de sites web, a sua principal necessidade consiste em encontrar a informação desejada de modo fácil e rápido. Ainda que seja possível identificar o comportamento de todos os usuários em um site, torna-se difícil disponibilizar informações de forma clara e simples para todos. Para isto, um site adaptativo, que se ajusta automaticamente a cada usuário de acordo com seus padrões de comportamento, é muito útil. Sites adaptativos são desenvolvidos com base em técnicas que auxiliam o projetista na tarefa de personalizar páginas web e, por este motivo, são chamadas de técnicas de personalização. O objetivo desta dissertação é investigar, desenvolver e experimentar uma técnica de personalização de interfaces web voltada especificamente para sites institucionais. Este tipo de site é voltado à divulgação de produtos e serviços de uma instituição e, normalmente, é composto por um grande número de páginas estruturadas de acordo com a estrutura organizacional da instituição. Essa característica permite o agrupamento de usuários por funções ou cargos. A técnica proposta neste trabalho é baseada em perfis de usuários, onde a personalização ocorre em dois níveis: nível de grupos de usuários e nível de usuários individuais, denominados respectivamente de macro perfil e micro perfil. Um estudo de caso realizado na intranet da Agência Nacional de Telecomunicações – ANATEL foi utilizado para aprimorar e validar a técnica. Foi desenvolvido um protótipo de site institucional personalizado, o qual foi disponibilizado, utilizado e avaliado por um grupo de usuários previamente selecionados. O processo de construção do protótipo assim como da avaliação e seus resultados são também descritos neste trabalho.
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Visitfjällen.se : En migrering och uppdateringSäfström, Roger January 2018 (has links)
Målet med detta projekt har varit att migrera och förnya webbplatsen visitfjallen.se. Sidan innehåller ett brett register av olika företag inom områden som upplevelser, boende och restauranger i Sveriges fjällkedjor. Den tidigare webbplatsen var omodern och byggd på ett kostsamt system som saknade flexibilitet. I detta arbete har webbplatsen flyttats till det flexiblare och mer lättskötta systemet WordPress. Sidan har också moderniserats ordentligt och fått en hel del förbättringar och nya funktioner. I stället för en par enkla textrader med information har varje företag nu fått en egen profilsida med plats för stora mängder av information. Bland de helt nya funktionerna finns exempelvis egna kontaktformulär och möjligheten för besökare att lämna recensioner för bolagen. Företagen har också fått en integrering av sociala medier med egna knappar för Facebook och Twitter. Flera företag som finns listade på Tripadvisor har även fått detta integrerat på sin sida. Inloggade besökare kan nu spara sina favoritföretag genom att markera dem som sin favorit. Eller lämna en recension för bolag de har åsikter om. De flesta av de nya funktionerna har erhållits med hjälp av tillägget Geodirectory till WordPress, vilket är ett utmärkt och heltäckande verktyg som specialiserat sig på webbplatser med omfattande företagsregister. En betydande del av arbetet bestod av att flytta den stora mängden bolag med tillhörande information till den nya webbplatsen. Registret var möjligt att överföra via en kalkylfil, men informationen i den den exporterade filen var rörig och innehöll 900 rader med data som behövde sorteras och struktureras upp rad för rad. För att dela upp arbetet gjordes därför filen i episoder om ungefär 200 bolag åt gången. En stor del av webbplatsen har byggts upp med hjälp av sidbyggar-verktyget Beaver Builder. Verktyget har varit användbart och påskyndade processen med att konstruera det stora antalet sidor som var nödvändigt för att bygga upp den nya Visitfjällen.se. Den färdiga webbplatsen uppfyllde de flesta av beställarens önskemål och det nya utseendet för visitfjällen blev i slutändan mycket uppskattat.
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