This work deals with the wireless Wi-Fi networks, that used unlicenced ISM frequency band 2,4 GHz. These wireless networks are very extended in these days and used mainly for the Internet connection. With the multimedia data transfers expanding it’s necessary to ensure the specific quality of service QoS in wireless networks mainly for applications, which are sensitive to delay or packets lost. The main aim of this work is to describe Wi-Fi networks based on IEEE 802.11b/g/n standards, description of QoS techniques according to IEEE 802.11e standard and description of parameters describing QoS for the VoIP services. The practical part is divided on a two parts. The problems of measuring the radio link quality and the creation of simple program for quality of wireless connection analysis are solved in the first part. The second part incluledes measuring of the lost packets number in Wi-Fi network with the commercial application AirMagnet Laptop Wireless LAN Analyzer and measuring of the signal noise influence with the help of spectrum analyzer and vector signal generator.

The thesis deals with the implementation of Ethernet-based network communication interface into FPGA chip. VHDL programming language is used for description of the hardware. The interface includes the implementation of link-layer Ethernet protocol and network protocols such as IPv4, ARP, ICMP and UDP. The final design allows bi-directional communication on the transport-layer level of TCP/IP model. The designed interface was implemented into Virtex5 FPGA chip on development board ML506 by Xilinx.

Informationen des Universitätsrechenzentrums:Zentrale Ausbildungspools und UB-Computerarbeitsplätze: neue Hardware und Linux-Distribution Web-Trust-Center: Single Sign On für Web-Anwendungen Neuer Webmail-Zugang: IMP Version 4 Windows-Paket-Management Neues in der UB Software-News Personalia

This master's thesis deals with the possibilities how to guarantee the quality of service in the area of computer networks using a GNU/Linux operating system. This work compares and evaluates tools which are necessary to guarantee the quality of service. The goal of this work is to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these tools and to design a system which handles the problem of quality of service. Designed system uses a heuristics, which allows the user to set up the quality of service system without studying specific properties of communication protocols on the network or application layer. This work also includes a theoretical introduction into the quality of service and computer networks.

Transmitted data logging in routers is the main point of this semestral project. The suggestion of a system for data flows logging in routers and selection of suitable technology, that is used by implementation of the system within this thesis, is based on this analysis. In the thesis, a law responsibility of router administrator for transmitting data is analysed. In the next part, a general introduction to issue of data logging in computer networks including basic description of protocols and fundamentals of standard communication models is presented. Analysis of real enviroment is following. Suggestion and implementation of the system is described too. In the last part a reached results of this thesis are revealed.

Examensarbete (4FE18E), Civilekonomprogrammet – Controller, Ekonomihögskolan vid Linnéuniversitetet i Växjö, VT 2023. Titel: ”Fallerar den ena, fallerar den andra” - En studie av relationen mellan kulturell- och cybernetisk verksamhetsstyrning i Sparbanken Eken Bakgrund och problem: Tidigare forskning har riktat fokus mot enskilda styrsystem och studerat dessa isolerade från varandra, något som bidragit till att ”antingen-eller-förhållanden” satt sin prägel och begränsat studiernas resultat. Kulturell styrning har i flera av dessa studier porträtterats som det nav vilket binder samman organisationer och skapar regler eller normerför att förklara och vägleda. Samtidigt går det att ställa sig frågande till om cybernetisk styrning fungerar utan hänsyn till andra system, eller om de är beroende av en specifik tolkning baserad på värderingar, antaganden och normer, för att fungera. Med utgångspunkten att cybernetiska kontroller är starkt beroende av tolkning, finns det en klar fördel av att studera verksamhetsstyrsystem i relation till varandra, inte var för sig. Förvånansvärt nog är det få studier som faktiskt lyckats precisera betydelsen av relationen mellan kulturell- och cybernetisk styrning. Tidigare studier har fångat relationen genom begreppen samspel och balans men inte beskrivit systemens relation på djupet. Med anledning av att system ofta studerats isolerade från varandra krävs studier som fördjupar förståelsen för relationen mellan kulturell- och cybernetisk styrning. Syfte och frågeställningar: Syftet med studien är att fördjupa förståelsen för relationen mellan kulturell- och cybernetisk styrning. Frågeställningarna som väglett undersökningen är hur kulturell styrning kommer till uttryck i cybernetiska styrmedel samt hur cybernetisk styrning kommer till uttryck i kulturella styrmedel. Metod och genomförande: Studien präglades av en kvalitativ forskningsansats med ett deduktivt angreppssätt. För att besvara frågeställningarna var Sparbanken Eken fallföretag, en bank med andra incitament för styrning än de som genomsyrar större banker. Insamlingen av empiriskt material utgick från semi-strukturerade intervjuer på olika hierarkiska nivåer, från ledning till medarbetare, dokument samt deltagande observationer. Det empiriska materialet bidrog till en förståelse för hur kulturell- och cybernetisk styrning kan tänka sig relatera till varandra och hur de bidrar till varandras utfall. I analysen sammanstrålades referensramen meddet empiriska materialet vilka det genom senare kunde dras slutsatser utifrån. Detta mynnade ut i ett nytt synsätt för hur relationen mellan kulturell- och cybernetisk styrning kan bli sedd. Slutsats: Relationen mellan systemen kommer till uttryck genom symbios. Därmed är systemen beroende av varandra och påverkas, på ett eller annat sätt, mer eller mindre, utav händelser i respektive system. Det som binder samman systemen är företags arbetssätt. På så vis kan arbetssättet för framställning av budget eller mål inom cybernetisk styrning, få inverkan på värderingar inom kulturell styrning. Värderingar kan sedan bli grunden för subkulturer vilka på ett gynnsamt eller missgynnsamt sätt kan påverka utfall inom cybernetisk styrning. Subkulturer med stort engagemang för styrning och de mål som satts upp inom cybernetisk styrning, påverkar sedermera utfallen av dessa genom arbetssättet. Därmed går det inte att se vart den ena styrningen börjar och slutar, de arbetar ständigt i symbios med varandra och är i starka beroendeställningar till varandras framgångar. Fallerar den ena, fallerar den andra. / Master thesis (4FE18E), Master of Science in Business and Economics, School of Business and Economics at Linnaeus University in Växjö, Spring 2023. Title: ”If one fails, the other fails” - A study about the relationship between cultural- and cybernetic management controls in Sparbanken Eken Background and problem: Previous research have focused on single control systems and studied these isolated from each other which has contributed to that “either-or-relationships” has left its’ mark and limited the studies’ results. Cultural controls have in many of these studies been portrayed as the hub that ties organizations together and creates rules or norms to explain and guide. At the same time, it is possible to raise questions about whether cybernetic controls function without consideration to other systems, or if they are dependent on a specific mode of interpretation based on values, convictions, and norms, to work. With the premise that cybernetic controls are strongly dependent on interpretations, there is a clear advantage of studying management controls systems in relation to each other, not one by one. Surprisingly enough, few studies have managed to pinpoint the importance of the relationship between cultural- and cybernetic controls. Previous studies have captured the relationship by using the concepts interplay and balance but have not been able to describe the systems’ relationship in depth. Since systems is usually studied isolated from each other, there is a need for studies that deepens the understanding for the relationship between cultural- and cybernetic controls. Purpose and research questions: The purpose of the study is to deepen the understanding of the relationship between cultural- and cybernetic controls. The research questions that have guided the study are how cultural controls is expressed through cybernetic means of control and how cybernetic controls is expressed through cultural means of controls. Method and implementation: The implementation of the study was characterized by a qualitative research approach with a deductive nearing. To answer the research questions, Sparbanken Eken acted case company, a bank with other incentives regarding control than those permeating bigger banks. The collection of empirical material was based on semi-structured interviews on different hierarchical levels ranging from corporate management to co-workers, documents, and participatory observations. The empirical material contributed to an understanding for how cultural- and cybernetic control systems could relate to each other and how they contribute to each other’s results. In the analysis section, the frame of reference and the empirical material converged, through which conclusions later could be drawn from. This resulted in a new outlook for how the relationship between cultural- and cybernetic controls can be seen. Conclusion: The relationship between the systems is expressed through symbiosis. Hence, the systems are dependent on each other and are affected by, in one way or another, more or less, events in the respective systems. What ties the systems together is the company’s way of working. Thus, the way of working when constructing budget or goals within the cybernetic control system, will influence values in the cultural control system. Further, values may become the ground for subcultures which in a favourable or non-favourable way can affect outcomes in the cybernetic control system. Subcultures with great commitment to controls and goals set within the cybernetic control system, further affects the outcomes of these through the way of working. Thus, it is not possible to declare where one control system starts or ends, they work simultaneously in symbiosis with each other and are in strong dependency positions for eachother’s success. If one fails, the other fails.

Bakgrund: I takt med rådande klimatförändringar förväntas företag ta större ansvar för att uppnå FN:s globala hållbarhetsmål. I linje med detta har EU utvecklat en handlingsplan för omställningen till en cirkulär ekonomi för att bidra till hållbar utveckling. Detta kräver att företag ställer om mot cirkulära affärsmodeller. Vidare bör styrsystemen anpassas för att en sådan omställning ska genomsyra hela verksamheten. Omställningen mot cirkulära affärsmodeller bör även vara lönsam för att företag ska ställa om, något som idag anses råda osäkerheter kring då det är ett framväxande område med få genomförda empiriska studier. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att kartlägga hur styrningen ser ut inom börsnoterade industriföretag som ställer om mot cirkulära affärsmodeller, för att sedan bidra med kunskap om hur dessa företag kan hantera konflikten mellan hållbarhet och kortsiktig lönsamhet. Metod: Studien är en kvalitativ flerfallsstudie med ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv. Studien har antagit en abduktiv ansats och ett målstyrt urval för val av fallföretag. Det empiriska materialet har inhämtats genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer hos 11 börsnoterade industriföretag. Slutsats: Studien visar att samtliga fallföretag bör anpassa sina styrsystem för att möjliggöra en omställning mot cirkulära affärsmodeller. Detta genom att planera med en längre tidshorisont, tillsätta hållbarhetskommittéer- eller nätverk, skapa gemensamma värderingar kring hållbarhet samt anpassa KPI:er till hållbarhetsmålen. Belöningssystem bör dock enbart anpassas till hållbarhetsmål om det kan säkerställas ett kausalt samband mellan medarbetarnas prestationer och cirkulära aktiviteter. Vidare anses majoriteten av fallföretagen använda hållbarhetsstyrning både proaktivt och reaktivt, där styrsystemen därmed bör vara delvis integrerade. För en lönsam omställning bör styrsystemen utformasenligt ovan för att minska konflikten mellan hållbarhet och kortsiktig lönsamhet. / Background: Due to current climate change, companies are expected to take greater responsibility for achieving the UN's global sustainability goals. Likewise, the EU has developed an action plan for the transition to a circular economy to contribute to sustainable development. This requires companies to move towards circular business models. Further, control systems should be adapted to ensure that such a transition permeates the entire business. The transition towards circular business models should also be profitable for companies to transition, which today is considered uncertain as it is an emerging area with few empirical studies. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to map how control systems are designed in listed industrial companies that are transitioning towards circular business models, to then contribute knowledge on how companies can manage the conflict between sustainability and short-term profitability.  Methodology: The study is a qualitative multiple-case study with a hermeneutic perspective. The study has adopted an abductive approach and a purposive sampling. The empirical material has been collected through semi-structured interviews at 11 listed industrial companies. Conclusion: The study shows that all case companies should adapt their control systemsto transition to circular business models. This by planning with a longer time horizon, appointing sustainability committees or networks, creating common values onsustainability and aligning KPIs with sustainability goals. However, reward systems should only be aligned with sustainability goals if a causal link between employee performance and circular activities can be ensured. Further, most case companies use sustainability control both proactively and reactively, thus control systems should be partially integrated. For a profitable transition, control systems should be designed as above to reduce the conflict between sustainability and short-term profitability.

Diese Dissertation konzentriert sich auf das hochdimensionale Financial Engineering, insbesondere in der Dependenzmodellierung und der sequentiellen Überwachung. Im Bereich der Dependenzmodellierung wird eine Einführung hochdimensionaler Kopula vorgestellt, die sich auf den Stand der Forschung in Kopula konzentriert. Eine komplexere Anwendung im Financial Engineering, bei der eine hochdimensionale Kopula verwendet wird, konzentriert sich auf die Bepreisung von Portfolio-ähnlichen Kreditderivaten, d. h. CDX-Tranchen (Credit Default Swap Index). In diesem Teil wird die konvexe Kombination von Kopulas in der CDX-Tranche mit Komponenten aus der elliptischen Kopula-Familie (Gaussian und Student-t), archimedischer Kopula-Familie (Frank, Gumbel, Clayton und Joe) und hierarchischer archimedischer Kopula-Familie vorgeschlagen. Im Abschnitt über finanzielle Überwachung konzentriert sich das Kapitel auf die Überwachung von hochdimensionalen Portfolios (in den Dimensionen 5, 29 und 90) durch die Entwicklung eines nichtparametrischen multivariaten statistischen Prozesssteuerungsdiagramms, d.h. eines Energietest-basierten Kontrolldiagramms (ETCC). Um die weitere Forschung und Praxis der nichtparametrischen multivariaten statistischen Prozesskontrolle zu unterstützen, die in dieser Dissertation entwickelt wurde, wird ein R-Paket "EnergyOnlineCPM" entwickelt. Dieses Paket wurde im Moment akzeptiert und veröffentlicht im Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN), welches das erste Paket ist, das die Verschiebung von Mittelwert und Kovarianz online überwachen kann. / This dissertation focuses on the high dimensional financial engineering, especially in dependence modeling and sequential surveillance. In aspect of dependence modeling, an introduction of high dimensional copula concentrating on state-of-the-art research in copula is presented. A more complex application in financial engineering using high dimensional copula is concentrated on the pricing of the portfolio-like credit derivative, i.e. credit default swap index (CDX) tranches. In this part, the convex combination of copulas is proposed in CDX tranche pricing with components stemming from elliptical copula family (Gaussian and Student-t), Archimedean copula family (Frank, Gumbel, Clayton and Joe) and hierarchical Archimedean copula family used in some publications. In financial surveillance part, the chapter focuses on the monitoring of high dimensional portfolios (in 5, 29 and 90 dimensions) by development of a nonparametric multivariate statistical process control chart, i.e. energy test based control chart (ETCC). In order to support the further research and practice of nonparametric multivariate statistical process control chart devised in this dissertation, an R package "EnergyOnlineCPM" is developed. At moment, this package has been accepted and published in the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN), which is the first package that can online monitor the shift in mean and covariance jointly.

The thesis sums up the traffic parameters for the evaluation of next-generation access networks. There are mentioned parameters for service quality management and parameters for measuring the quality of experience. The EU regulation on High Speed Internet in the Czech Republic is analyzed. The practical part compares the results between the implementation of the quality management of services and without implementation. Also there is comparing theoretical and practical transmission rates of physical ports. Part of the thesis is a questionnaire focused on the quality of experience of the video sequence.

This master’s thesis describes possibilities of usage of ZigBee communication protocol and integrated circuit ELM 327 in problem of realization universal diagnostic device, running by OBDII communication standards, which can be used to monitor function of all car´s electronic systems. Thesis also deals with design and realization of necessary electro technical devices and modules followed by compilation of control software and experimental measurements of these devices in real traffic flow. In the first part of project, there are reminded some basic features and parameters of OBDII, followed by description of ways how to use OBDII and adumbrating how to realize universal diagnostic system. The analysis of ZigBee system focused on XBee circuits follows. Construction, ways of data transfer and possibilities of controlling are described. Integrated circuits produced by ELM Electronics Company are introduced and possibilities of usage ELM 327 are described as requested by main task. Second part talks about designing of electronic circuits of this system, assembling schematic diagram and designing sources for production of PCB. Physical realization of these circuits and its first start is also included. Thesis finishes by dealing with practical experiences and measurements using real vehicles. This part talks also about means to improve system by several software solutions to reach more effective functioning of created device.