Bakgrund och problem: Den allt mer digitaliserade världen har skapat andra förutsättningar att bedriva verksamhet på. Ett skifte har identifierats där betydelsen av värde och hur värde skapas har förändrats. Interaktionen mellan företaget och kunden har blivit platsen där värde urskiljs och uppstår. Den traditionella företagsmodellen har utmanats i en större utsträckning av en affärsmodell som är baserad på prenumerationer istället för engångsköp av en produkt. En prenumerationsbaserad affärsmodell innebär att företagen har förändrat sitt synsätt på kunderna och förmågan av att upprätta långsiktiga relationer med kunderna är av stor betydelse för att uppnå framgång. Samtidigt som en mer föränderlig omgivning kräver ett externt fokus för att företagen ska kunna vara agila och ha möjlighet till att hantera förändringar på marknaden. Genom ett större fokus på kunderna, omgivningen och framtiden krävs det en ny typ av ekonomistyrning. Då den traditionella ekonomistyrningen inte är anpassad efter dagens företag och deras förutsättningar vilket gör den otillräcklig. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva och förklara vilka situationsfaktorer som är utmärkande för företag som har en prenumerationsbaserad affärsmodell samt hur detta påverkar dessa företags värdeerbjudande och ekonomistyrning. Studien syftar även till att företag inom prenumerationsekonomin kan dra lärdom av den kunskap som studien tillför. Metod: Studiens tillvägagångssätt har varit av kvalitativ karaktär där forskningsdesignen varit i form av en intervjustudie där fem olika företag har studerats. Den empiriska insamlingen har bestått av semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Slutsats: De slutsatser som kan göras efter den genomförda studien är att prenumerationsbaserade företag präglas av ett flertal olika situationsfaktorer som kräver en ekonomistyrning med ett externt och framtida fokus. Kunden är en central del i företagets värdeskapande och det är av stor betydelse att företagen tillvaratar och värdesätter kundens åsikter. I en prenumerationsbaserad affärsmodell är det enkelt för kunden att se ifall företaget har tillvaratagit kundens åsikter, eftersom att detta är möjligt att urskilja redan i nästa månads leverans av produkten. Detta kräver i sin tur att företagen har korta beslutsvägar, till viss del decentraliserad organisation samt ett agilt och processfokuserat arbetssätt. Vilket är nödvändigt för att företagen ska kunna leverera ständig utveckling och förbättring av deras produkt. / Background and problem: The increasingly digitized world has created other conditions for doing business. A shift has been identified where the importance of value and how value is created has changed. The interaction between the company and the customer has become the place where value is distinguished and created. The traditional business model has been challenged to a greater extent by a business model based on subscriptions rather than one- time purchases of a product. A subscription-based business model means that companies have changed their approach towards customers and the ability to establish long-term relationships with customers is of great importance for achieving success. At the same time as a more changing environment requires that companies have a more external focus to be able to be agile and handle market changes. Through a greater focus on customers, the environment and the future a new type of management control system is required. Since the traditional management control system isn't adapted to today's companies and their conditions which makes it insufficient. Purpose: The purpose with this study is to describe and explain which contingencies that are characteristic for companies with a subscription-based business model and how these affect these companies value creation and management control system. The study also aims to contribute with knowledge to companies within the subscription economy. Method: The study's approach has been of a qualitative nature, where the research design has been in the form of an interview study where five different companies have been studied. The empirical collection consisted of semistructured interviews. Conclusion: The conclusion that can be made after the completion of the study is that subscription-based companies are affected by several contingencies that require a management control system with an external and future focus. The customer is a key part of the company's value creation and it is important that companies utilize and appreciate the customers opinions. The subscription based business model makes it easy for the customer to see if the company has taken charge of the customers opinions, since it is possible to distinguish already in the next month's delivery. This requires companies to have short decision-making processes, to a certain extent a decentralized organisation as well as an agile and process-focused operation method. Which is necessary for companies to deliver a constant development and improvement of their product.

The aim of Master’s thesis Transceiver and TNC for Data Communication in UHF Band with CC1020 Chip is design of unit, which provides a data transfer by the packet radio net. It is an experiment, whether CC1020 chip is possible to use for TNC design. The thesis consists of study AX25 a KISS protocols, study of CC1020 features, design of PA and LNA and programming control software for Atmel AVR microcontroller.

The diploma thesis deal with a priority network switch whose model was made in programming environment Matlab - Simulink. Problem of optimal switching is solved by Hopfield’s artificial neural network. Produce of the diploma thesis is a model of packet switch and time-severity comparison of optimalization problem solved with or without artificial neural network. The thesis was developed in research project MSM 0021630529 Intelligent Systems in Automation.

<p>Automatsko prepoznavanje govora je tehnologija koja računarima<br />omogućava pretvaranje izgovorenih reči u tekst. Ona se može<br />primeniti u mnogim savremenim sistemima koji uključuju komunikaciju<br />između čoveka i mašine. U ovoj disertaciji detaljno je opisana jedna<br />od dve glavne komponente sistema za prepoznavanje govora, a to je<br />jezički model, koji specificira rečnik sistema, kao i pravila prema<br />kojim se pojedinačne reči mogu povezati u rečenicu. Srpski jezik spada<br />u grupu visoko inflektivnih i morfološki bogatih jezika, što znači<br />da koristi veći broj različitih završetaka reči za izražavanje<br />željene gramatičke, sintaksičke ili semantičke funkcije date reči.<br />Ovakvo ponašanje često dovodi do velikog broja grešaka sistema za<br />prepoznavanje govora kod kojih zbog dobrog akustičkog poklapanja<br />prepoznavač pogodi osnovni oblik reči, ali pogreši njen završetak.<br />Taj završetak može da označava drugu morfološku kategoriju, na<br />primer, padež, rod ili broj. U radu je predstavljen novi alat za<br />modelovanje jezika, koji uz identitet reči u modelu može da koristi<br />dodatna leksička i morfološka obeležja reči, čime je testirana<br />hipoteza da te dodatne informacije mogu pomoći u prevazilaženju<br />značajnog broja grešaka prepoznavača koje su posledica<br />inflektivnosti srpskog jezika.</p> / <p>Automatic speech recognition is a technology that allows computers to<br />convert spoken words into text. It can be applied in various areas which<br />involve communication between humans and machines. This thesis primarily<br />deals with one of two main components of speech recognition systems - the<br />language model, that specifies the vocabulary of the system, as well as the<br />rules by which individual words can be linked into sentences. The Serbian<br />language belongs to a group of highly inflective and morphologically rich<br />languages, which means that it uses a number of different word endings to<br />express the desired grammatical, syntactic, or semantic function of the given<br />word. Such behavior often leads to a significant number of errors in speech<br />recognition systems where due to good acoustic matching the recognizer<br />correctly guesses the basic form of the word, but an error occurs in the word<br />ending. This word ending may indicate a different morphological category, for<br />example, word case, grammatical gender, or grammatical number. The<br />thesis presents a new language modeling tool which, along with the word<br />identity, can also model additional lexical and morphological features of the<br />word, thus testing the hypothesis that this additional information can help<br />overcome a significant number of recognition errors that result from the high<br />inflectivity of the Serbian language.</p>

With Ericsson’s goal to have optimal user experience at 5G’s 2020 release, it is very important to optimize transport protocols and techniques to manage the increasing amount of data traffic. Additionally, it will be important to manage handovers between very high speed 5G networks and older networks. Today most of the traffic is video on demand and the amount of this kind of traffic is expected to increase. Moreover, the current amount of data traffic will increase by an order of magnitude over the next few years. This thesis focuses on radio access networks and the difficulties they face in delivering high speed data traffic. This thesis analyzes one of the most used TCP protocols, CUBIC, as well as a new transport protocol developed by Aspera, called the Fast and Secure Protocol. Aspera’s FASP is a new transport protocol that promises full link utilization. FASP is built upon UDP and uses advanced round trip time measurements and queuing delay to detect the available bandwidth between two communicating hosts. This thesis project also provides methods to realize experiments to assess the limitations of transport protocols. These experiments are conducted in an environment that resembles the upcoming 5G radio access network. Results have shown that both delay and packet loss affect TCP more than we expected and that high packet loss is devastating. In contrast, Aspera’s FASP is very resistant to both delay and packet loss. These results and analysis provide a foundation upon which others can build. / Med Ericssons mål att ha optimal användarupplevelse vid släppet av 5G år 2020 är det oerhört viktigt att optimera transportprotokoll och tekniker för att hantera den ökande mängden datatrafik. En annan viktig aspekt kan vara att hantera överlämningar mellan 5G nätverk och äldre radionätverk. Idag är den största trafiken streamad video och prognoser visar att den sortens trafik bara kommer att öka. Prognoserna visar också att all trafik kommer att öka mångfaldigt de närmaste åren. Denna thesis kommer att fokusera på svårigheterna just inom radionätverk. Denna thesis kommer att analysera ett av vårt mest använda transportprotokoll CUBIC TCP, den kommer också att analysera ett helt nytt transportprotokoll utvecklat av Aspera, Fast and Secure Protocol. Aspera lovar fullt utnyttjande av den mellanliggande länken. FASP är byggt ovanpå UDP och använder avancerade tur- och returtidsmätningar för att använda all outnyttjad bandbredd. Denna thesis visar även hur man kan göra experiment för att hitta begränsningar i transportprotokoll. Alla dessa experiment kommer utförs i en miljö som efterliknar det nya 5G-nätverket. Resultatet visar att både förlora paket tillsammans med en hög fördröjning påverkar mycket mer än väntat och att frekvent förlora paket är förödande för TCP. Asperas FASP är i motsats mycket tålig mot både paketförlust och hög fördröjning. Detta resultat och denna analys lägger en grund var andra kan arbeta vidare.

There is a family of COMBO cards used for netork monitoring acceleration being developed on the Liberouter project, which is the CESNET's research activity. These cards are equipped with Xilinx's programmable field array. To enable usage of classic tools for network monitoring and management, not only application specific tools, it is necessary to implement network interface card on the platform, that realizes packet reception and transmission through the standard Linux kernel interface. This thesis describes the design and implementation of network interface card's key components. Those are DMA controller and Linux device driver.

Det här examensarbetet undersöker vilka effekter en undervisning med matematikhistorisk prägel har på eleverna, samt vilka faktorer i en sådan undervisning som kan påverka utfallet. När matematikhistoria betraktas som ett verktyg i matematikundervisningen förväntas elever påverkas affektivt och/eller kognitivt. Med synen på matematikhistoria som ett verktyg är två strategier för undervisning lämpliga – historisk upplysning och historiska paket. Med historisk upplysning inkluderas matematikhistoria i matematikundervisningen genom kortare anekdotiska inslag eller problem. Historiska paket är små moduler i undervisningen, som behandlar ett avgränsat ämne inom matematiken, och har en nära koppling tillläroplanen. Analysen genomfördes utifrån en litteraturstudie, och visar att båda strategiernakan påverka eleverna affektivt och kognitivt. Faktorer som kan påverka utfallet är elevernas ålder och förkunskaper, lärarens kompetens, graden av interaktivitet i undervisningen ochdet material som används. / This thesis investigates potential effects on students from including history of mathematics inmathematics education, and what circumstances within such education can influence the outcome. When the history of mathematics is considered a tool in teaching, pupils are expected to be influenced in a cognitive and/or affective way. From this perspective, two strategies are considered appropriate – the illumination approach or historical packages. The illumination approach includes short historical anecdotes or problems, whereas the historical packages are designed to teach an isolated subject within mathematics and are closely connected to the curriculum. The analysis was based on a literature study and shows that both strategies can influence pupils in a cognitive and affective way. Circumstances that influence the outcome are the age and previous knowledge of the pupils, teacher competence, the level of interactivity amongst the pupils and the material used in the teaching.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) sind eine große Klasse endogener RNAs, die in Organismen vorkommen, die RNA-Transkripte durch Spleißen prozessieren. Sie sind Produkte des „backsplicing“ – einer Art des alternativen Spleißens, bei der das 3‘-Ende eines Exons mit einer vorgelagerten 5‘-„splice site“ verbunden wird. Trotz ihrer Abundanz und spezifischen Expressionsmustern sind in vivo-Funktionen von circRNAs größtenteils unbekannt. Wir haben den existierenden Kenntnisstand systematisiert und diesen in Form von circBase frei zugänglich gemacht. circBase ist eine Online-Datenbank, in der circRNA-Datensätze abgerufen und im genomischen Kontext durchsucht und visualisiert werden können. Für die Arbeit mit Hochdurchsatz-circRNA-Daten haben wir des Weiteren die Software ciRcus entwickelt. Um mehr bezüglich circRNA-Expression und möglicher Funktionen zu lernen, haben wir die Expressionsmuster im Säugetiergehirn umfassend erforscht. Mithilfe von eigenen und öffentlich zugänglichen RNA-Sequenzierungsdaten haben wir Tausende von neuralen circRNAs in Mensch und Maus entdeckt. circRNAs waren während der neuronalen Differenzierung und Reifung insgesamt hochreguliert, stark angereichert in Synapsen, und oft differentiell exprimiert im Vergleich zu ihren mRNA-Isoformen. Außerdem haben wir gezeigt, dass viele circRNAs zwischen Mensch und Maus konserviert sind. Schließlich haben wir in vivo-Funktionen von Cdr1as erforscht - einer konservierten und im Gehirn hoch exprimierten circRNA, die stark von microRNA (miRNA)-Effektor-Komplexen gebunden ist und zahlreiche miR-7-Bindestellen sowie eine Bindestelle für miR-671 aufweist. „Knockout“-Tiere, bei denen der Cdr1as-Lokus deletiert wurde, zeigten ein gestörtes sensomotorisches „gating“ und dysfunktionale synaptische Übertragung. Die Expression von miR-7 und miR-671 war in verschiedenen Hirnregionen der Tiere dereguliert. Die Expression von „immediate early“-Genen, von denen einige miR-7-Zielgene sind, war erhöht. / circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a large class of endogenous RNAs present in organisms that process RNA transcripts by splicing. They are products of backsplicing - alternative splicing reactions where the 3’ end of an exon is spliced to an upstream 5’ splice site. Despite their abundance and tissue- and developmental-stage-specific expression patterns, their in vivo functions are largely unknown. We systematized the existing knowledge on circRNAs and made it freely available by developing circBase - an online database where circRNA datasets can be accessed, downloaded and browsed within the genomic context. Another technical challenge was addressed by developing ciRcus - a software package for working with high-throughput circRNA data, which allowed us to routinely handle, explore, annotate, quantify and integrate circRNA data with the external sources of biological data. To learn more about circRNA expression and potential functions, we have explored the expression patterns of circRNAs in the mammalian brain. Using own and public RNA-seq data, we discovered thousands of neural circRNAs in human and mouse. circRNAs were upregulated during neuronal differentiation and maturation, enriched in synapses, and often differentially expressed compared to their host mRNAs. Many circRNAs were conserved between human and mouse. Finally, we explored in vivo functions of Cdr1as - a conserved circRNA known to be highly expressed in the brain, heavily bound by microRNA (miRNA) effector complexes, and harbouring many binding sites for miR-7, as well as a single binding site for miR-671. Upon deleting the Cdr1as locus, knockout animals displayed impaired sensorimotor gating and dysfunctional synaptic transmission. Expression of miR-7 and miR-671 was deregulated in different brain regions of Cdr1as knockout animals. Expression of immediate early genes, some of which are miR-7 targets, was increased, providing a possible molecular link to the behavioral phenotype.

This diploma thesis deals with the possibility of using HDLC (High-Level Data Link Control) protocol for communication and addressing of smart metering devices with a data concentrator. The HDLC protocol is used in two DLMS/COSEM (Device Language Message Specification/Companion Specification for Energy Metering) communication profiles. To simulate these communication profiles, the most appropriate simulation program is selected. Using this simulator, the first communication profile is implemented and the second one is designed. Communication profile based on TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) has been fully implemented. To implement the three-layer HDLC communication profile, all options have been thoroughly explored. Using these findings, a process was designed to guide the full implementation. For the first communication profile the qualitative parameters are measured, which are then plotted and evaluated.

The presented diploma thesis deals with the modeling of the rotor packet in dynamic calculations and analysis of the influence of the packing pressing force on the critical speed of the electric motor. The thesis can be divided into three main parts. The first part discusses the current level of rotor packet modeling in dynamic calculations and also deals with analytical theories for subsequent experimental tests. The second part describes the implementation of two experiments to determine the equivalent modulus of elasticity. The first experiment is a four-point bending test and the second is an experimental modal analysis. The third part is used for comparing the results obtained from experimental tests and describes the calculation of the critical speed of the rotor package pressed on the shaft by the finite element method.