Localisé sur l'île de Bahreïn, le tell de Qal'at al-Bahreïn fut un grand port occupant une position géographique stratégique, au milieu du Golfe persique, entre le Proche-Orient et le reste du continent asiatique. Grâce à cette position littorale, le site joua pendant plusieurs millénaires (du 3e millénaire avant J.-C., jusqu'au 17e siècle de notre ère), un important rôle commercial et maritime, entre la Mésopotamie, les côtes iraniennes et arabes, l'Oman, le sous-continent indien ou encore l'Extrême-Orient.Fouillé depuis près de soixante années, ce site d'habitat offre aux archéologues une stratigraphie exceptionnelle, unique dans la Péninsule arabique, qui s’étend du Dilmoun Ancien (c. 2200 av. J.-C.) jusqu’à la période islamique (c. 13e-16e siècle ap. J.-C.) et permet l’étude comparative des occupations successives du site. Au-delà de ce statut de référence régionale, Qal'at al-Bahreïn présente par ses monuments (résidentiels, administratifs, commerciaux, religieux et militaires) un véritable témoignage du développement historique de Dilmoun, culture la plus importante du Golfe antique.Les nombreux vestiges architecturaux sont associés à un matériel archéologique diversifié (céramique, métal, représentations figurées, inscriptions, sceaux, macrorestes végétaux et fauniques, incluant un grand nombre de restes de poissons). La présente étude porte sur les restes osseux de poissons exhumés lors des différentes campagnes de fouilles conduites par la mission archéologique française, de 1989 à 1996, puis de 2000 à 2004, complétés par les résultats obtenus lors des fouilles danoises, menées entre les années 50 à 70.Ce matériel osseux, abondant, et généralement bien conservé, est très bien stratifié, ce qui a permis une étude diachronique de cet échantillon.La détermination des os de poissons a permis de mettre en évidence un spectre constant de quatre familles tout au long de l’occupation du site : les Serranidae (mérous), les Carangidae (carangues), les Sparidae (sars) et les Lethrinidae (empereurs). Leur importance varie au sein de chaque occupation et il est alors intéressant de noter la corrélation entre les espèces consommées et les habitants du site.Si la période du Dilmoun Ancien montre un spectre assez varié, l’arrivée sur l’île des Kassites (c. 1450 av. J.-C.) met en avant une pêche très orientée, avec la capture des empereurs. Il semble qu’il y ait une préférence pour cette famille. Les périodes suivantes montrent un spectre à nouveau plus diversifié, qui s’étoffe d’avantage lors de la diffusion de l’Islam sur l’île. Les espèces consommées se rapprochent alors de celles commercialisées de nos jours. Cette grande variété s’accompagne d’une diminution des tailles des poissons, qui peut s’expliquer par un nouveau territoire de pêche et la capture de nouvelles espèces afin de diversifier la consommation de poisson.Malgré ces différences notables au cours des occupations qui peuvent être liées aux habitants et à leur préférence alimentaire, il apparait que les populations successives de Qal’at al-Bahreïn ont intensément exploité les ressources côtières et avaient une parfaite connaissance du milieu marin et des comportements des espèces capturées. / Located on the island of Bahrain, the tell of Qal’at al-Bahrain was a main port occupying a strategic geographical position, in the middle of the Persian Gulf, between the Middle East and the rest of the Asian continent. Thanks to its coastal position, the site played during several millenia (from the 3rd millenium BC, until the 17th century AD), an important commercial and maritime role, between Mesopotamia, the Iranian and Arab coasts, Oman, the Indian sub-continent or the Far East.Excavated since nearly sixty years, this coastal settlement offers to the archaeologists an exceptional, unique stratigraphy in the Arabian Peninsula, which extends from the Early Dilmun (c. 2200 BC) to the Middle Islamic period (c. 13-16th centuries AD), and provides the opportunity to study and compare the successive occupations at the site. Beyond this regional reference status, Qal’at al-Bahrain presents by its monuments (residential, administrative, commercial, religious and military) a true testimony of the historical development of Dilmun, the most important culture of the ancient Gulf.The numerous architectural vestiges are associated with a diversified archaeological equipment (ceramic, metal, figurative art, inscriptions, seals, vegetal and faunal macro-remains, including a large number of fish remains). The present study is devoted to the fish remains unearthed during the various excavation seasons led by the French archaeological mission, from 1989 to 1996, then from 2000 to 2004, and completed by the results gathered at the time of the Danish excavations, carried out since the 1950s. The bone material, which is abundant and quite well preserved, allows a diachronic study of this sample.The determination of the fish bones reveals a constant spectrum of four families throughout the occupation of the site: Serranidae (groupers), Carangidae (carangues), Sparidae (seabream) and Lethrinidae (emperors). Their importance varies within each occupation and it is then interesting to note the correlation between the consumed species and the inhabitants of the site.If the Early Dilmun period shows a rather diversified spectrum, the arrival of the Kassites on the island (c. 1450 BC) suggests a much more directed fishing activity, with the capture of the emperors. It seems that there is a preference for this family. The following periods show again a more diversified spectrum, which increased at the time of the spread of Islam on the island. The consumed species approach those marketed then nowadays. This large variety is linked with a reduction in the sizes of the fishes, which can be explained by a new fishing territory and the capture of new species to diversify the fish consumption.In spite of these notable differences during occupations which can rely on the inhabitants and their food preference, it appears that the successive populations of Qal’at al-Bahrain exploited intensely the coastal resources and had a perfect knowledge of the marine environment and behaviours of the captured species.

Le rift nord islandais peut être considéré comme l'équivalent émergé de la dorsale de Kolbeinsey. Il est cependant décalé de 120km vers l'est par rapport à celle-ci. La Zone de Fracture de Tjörnes, une zone transformante dextre, absorbe ce décalage. L'analyse des grandes structures ainsi que l'inversion de données de failles à stries ont permis de caractériser la géométrie et le fonctionnement de la faille d'Húsavík-Flatey (FHF), l'une des structures majeures de la Zone de Fracture de Tjörnes. L'inversion de mécanismes au foyer, fournis par l'Office Météorologique Islandais, a permis de compléter l'étude, pour la période actuelle. L'obliquité de la FHF, de direction WNW-ESE, par rapport à la divergence des plaques de direction E-W induit depuis la fin du Tertiaire une transtension dextre de direction ENE-WSW le long de la FHF. Ce mouvement transtensif se partitionne localement en une extension de direction NE-SW, sub-perpendiculaire à la FHF, et une extension de direction NW-SE, sub-parallèle à la FHF. Ces trois régimes ne correspondent pas à une succession bien définie d'épisodes régionaux mais à des variations locales et temporelles du mouvement transformant. A proximité de la jonction de la FHF avec la dorsale de Kolbeinsey, les failles dextres qui accommodent principalement le mouvement décrochant sont majoritairement remplacées par des failles normales à composante dextre. A l'autre extrémité de la FHF, au niveau de sa jonction avec le rift nord islandais, la faille est divisée en deux branches parallèles. L'une d'elles se connecte directement au rift nord islandais en définissant un point triple tandis que l'autre branche évolue progressivement d'une faille transformante de direction WNW-ESE jusqu'à une faille normale de direction N-S parallèle au rift. Ces différences structurales s'expliqueraient par la propagation vers le nord du rift nord islandais ainsi que par l'influence de structures préexistantes, telles que des volcans, lors du développement de ces deux failles. De plus, le fonctionnement du rift nord islandais à proximité de la FHF paraît fortement influencé par celui de cette dernière. Enfin, l'activité séismique liée à l'actuel déblocage de la partie de la FHF bloquée depuis la dernière crise éruptive du rift nord islandais s'intégrerait dans le modèle de fonctionnement en transtension dextre de cette faille. Le décalage du rift nord islandais et de la dorsale de Kolbeinsey résulte d'un saut vers l'est de la zone d'accrétion nord islandaise. La dérive vers l'ouest de la dorsale médio-Atlantique par rapport au point chaud islandais serait à l'origine de tels sauts. A partir de datations 40Ar/39Ar de dykes échantillonnés le long d'un profil parallèle à la direction de divergence des plaques, l'initiation de l'actuel rift nord islandais a été datée à 8-8.5 Ma. Elle eut lieu dans des roches qui n'avaient alors que 1 Ma. Le paléo-rift, dont l'axe a été localisé le long du fjord de Skagafjördur, c'est-à-dire 60 km à l'est de l'emplacement généralement admis, et le rift actuel ont fonctionné simultanément et de façon asymétrique, l'accrétion étant plus importante sur leurs flancs extérieurs, jusqu'à 3 Ma. L'absence supposée de dérive du rift nord islandais par rapport au point chaud implique une très forte asymétrie d'accrétion de la plaque Nord Amérique par rapport à la plaque Eurasie. Si l'activité du point chaud venait à diminuer, le rift nord islandais pourrait être libéré et dériver vers l'ouest jusqu'à ce qu'un nouveau pulse mantellique provoque un saut de rift vers l'est et ramène la zone d'accrétion à l'aplomb du point chaud. Les déformations observées dans le Nord de l'Islande s'expliquent par la réorganisation tectonique liée au dernier saut de rift. Le mécanisme d'abandon du paléo-rift de Skagafjördur est interprété comme un retrait symétrique et synchrone vers la ride de Kolbeinsey et vers la zone volcanique du centre de l'Islande, cette dernière constituant probablement une zone de relais entre les rifts nord et sud islandais. Le poids des laves émises depuis 3 Ma par la zone volcanique du centre de l'Islande a provoqué une flexuration des laves issues du paléo-rift vers le centre de l'Islande de la même manière qu'elles ont été flexurées par et en direction de celles émises par le rift nord islandais. Cette profonde réorganisation structurale expliquerait l'absence d'une synforme le long de la partie méridionale du paléo-rift de Skagafjördur alors qu'une telle synforme, caractéristique d'un rift en Islande, est présente le long de sa partie septentrionale. La synforme initialement considérée comme localisant l'axe du paléo-rift dans le Nord de l'Islande ne serait alors que l'axe d'une zone de flexure due à l'épanchement des laves plio-pléistocènes. Malgré la faible quantité de données radiochronologiques disponibles pour la partie sud de l'Islande, le modèle d'évolution tectonique proposé pour le Nord de l'Islande a été intégré dans un schéma d'évolution de l'ensemble de l'île. En accommodant les différences d'évolution entre les parties nord et sud de l'île, telles que le diachronisme entre les sauts de rift ayant eu lieu dans ces deux parties de l'Islande et donc le décalage des zones d'accrétion au travers de l'île, la zone volcanique du centre de l'Islande a ainsi joué un rôle primordial tout le long du développement de l'île.

This study aims to unravel the ecological and evolutionary dynamics within the calcareous nannofossil communities at the Eocene/Oligocene (E/O) transition and during the Oligocene time when Cenozoic 'icehouse' conditions were established. The main question this study aims to answer is whether the changes in the nannofossil assemblages were controlled by intrinsic evolutionary trends or if the changes were controlled by environmental factors such as changes in temperature and nutrient availability in the surface water. These questions are addressed with detailed analyses of the taxonomy, biostratigraphy and fluctuations in abundance and diversity of calcareous nannofossil assemblages from a continuous latest Eocene through Oligocene sediment section from the ODP Site 1218 (8°53.38´N, 135°22.00´W), paleo-equatorial Pacific Ocean. An improved nannofossil taxonomy and biostratigraphy has been established. At the E/O transition, changes in the nannofossil preservation mimics changes in calcium carbonate content. A detailed investigation of late Eocene and Oligocene sediments yields age estimates for ten nannofossil bioevents. Morphometric studies of the Reticulofenestra umbilicus-R. hillae show that these cannot be subdivided into two different morphospecies. Based on different morphometry and stratigraphic ranges, the Oligocene Sphenolithus lineage appears to be the result of a combined anagenetic and cladogenetic evolution. A new nannolith species is described: Triquetrorhabdulus longus. High-resolution nannofossil data indicate changes in the composition, abundance and diversity of the mid-Oligocene assemblages. Intervals of high diversity index coincide with Oi-glaciation events. However, visual examination of the variations in abundance of nannofossil taxa do not appear to correlate with changes in either oxygen or carbon isotopes. This presumably indicates that a dynamic equilibrium did not exist between these Oligocene nannoplankton assemblages and changes in surface water temperature or productivity conditions. / Doctoral Thesis in Marine Geoscience at Stockholm University, Sweden 2009

The Crib Mound Site (12 Sp 1-2) is a shell mound that contains a major Mid-Late Archaic element. This site has been largely destroyed over the past few decades as a result of erosion by the Ohio River, development, artifact collecting and blatant looting. Collections of artifacts from the mound, and much of the relevant information about the site, are located in the private sector. Only minimal artifact representations from Crib Mound reside in universities or museums.This site has received little in-depth professional investigation or study. Although it is one of several significant multi-component archaeological sites in the Lower Ohio Drainage with an indication of a significant Mid-Late Archaic component, it has not been accurately incorporated into discussions of Mid-Late Archaic settlement systems. The underlying reason for this omission relates to the information from the site not having been systematically recorded or synthesized into a usable format for archaeological research.This thesis analyzes, documents and evaluates the chronologically sensitive data from Crib Mound as a means of defining the mound's relationship to other (already documented) Mid-Late Archaic sites that are found in the region of theLower Ohio River Basin. This research also explores the relationship between tradition and phase (as it existed in this area), perhaps identifying an earlier phase or phases that can be distinguished from within the tradition. All information from the Crib Mound Site is integrated into the regional prehistory by either expanding on the anomaly of the mound or by clarifying and supporting the mound's relationship with the current regional settlement patterns. / Department of Anthropology

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, Madison, 2001. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 297-332).

Les sépultures collectives apparaissent dans toute l’Europe à la fin du 4e millénaire avant J.-C. Les 446 tombes mises au jour dans le Bassin de la Seine indiquent la densité et l'ampleur des constructions réalisées à cette période. Cette augmentation sans précédent de constructions funéraires est à l’origine d’une abondante bibliographie théorique. Ce travail s’est attaché à dresser une carte d’identité des défunts déposés dans deux des tombes les mieux documentées du Bassin de la Seine, Bazoches-sur-Vesle et Bury, pour reconstituer le statut des défunts, l’organisation sociale et l’idéologie funéraire de la population vivante du village ou du terroir qui ont utilisé ces tombes.Ce travail s’est appuyé sur l’analyse des squelettes, abordés selon les méthodes de la bio-archéologie et de la paléo-démographie. Des modélisations chronologiques du rythme des inhumations au sein des tombes ont été proposées, pour permettre de comparer l’évolution détaillée des dépôts. Au final, ces analyses montrent une évolution des pratiques funéraires au sein des tombes collectives sans changement de population. Contrairement aux théories avancées depuis les années 1980, les regroupements observés au sein des tombes sont rarement fondés sur des critères génétiques, mais plus particulièrement sur des critères liés aux activités pratiquées par chacun des sous-groupes qui ont partagé le monument. Au sein des dépôts, les enfants semblent avoir un statut à part, regroupés dans des zones spécifiques de la chambre funéraire. Une comparaison à l’échelle macro-régionale montre que ces caractéristiques sont communes à plusieurs allées sépulcrales, montrant l’existence d’une même idéologie dans la mort. / The collective graves appeared in all Europe at the end of the 4th millennium BC. The 446 graves known in the Paris Basin indicate the density and the extent of the constructions made during this period. This unprecedented increase of burials constructions has triggered a wide theoretical bibliography. The present work is focused on the identity of the dead deposited in two of the best documented graves from the Paris Basin, Bazoches-sur-Vesle and Bury, to reconstruct the status of the dead, the social organization and the funerary ideology of the living population of the village or the region which used these graves.The work was built from the analysis of the skeletons, approached through bio-archaeology and paleo-demography methods. Chronological models considering the rate of the inhumations into the graves were proposed, allowing to compare the precise evolution. At the end, these analyses show a real evolution of the burial practices inside the collective graves without population replacement. Contrary to the theories proposed during the 1980’, groups of dead observed inside the graves are rarely based on genetic criteria, but most of time on activities practiced by each subgroups which shared the monument. Among the deposits, the children seem to have a special status, grouped in specific areas of the burial chamber. A comparison on the macro-regional scale shows that these characteristics were common to several gallery graves, demonstrating the existence of the same funerary ideology.

Les zones à oxygène minimum (OMZs) sont des régions océaniques pratiquement dépourvues d'oxygène. Au cours des derniers milliers d'années, des changements climatiques globaux ont influencé l'intensité et l'extension spatiale de ces zones. Cette thèse propose de reconstruire les concentrations en oxygène dissous des eaux de fond au large de la marge Nord Est du Pacifique pour le Quaternaire supérieur à travers trois méthodes indépendantes, ayant pour dénominateur commun l'enregistrement fossile des foraminifères benthiques. Une première méthode dite micropaléontologique, basée sur l’abondance relative de trois assemblages, est développée dans un premier article. Un second article établit une relation entre l’oxygénation et la porosité de l'espèce Bolivina seminuda, caractérisée par une variation de couverture de pores de la [O$_2$]. Un troisième article est consacré à une méthode morphométrique, basée sur un indice prenant en compte la taille et la circularité des spécimens de chaque échantillon. Chacune de ces méthodes a pu être calibrée grâce aux foraminifères benthiques prélevés dans des sommets de carottes dont la teneur actuelle en oxygène dissous est connue. Ainsi, les estimations quantitatives montrent des valeurs d'oxygène faibles ($\sim$ 0.05 mL.L$^{-1}$) durant les évènements climatiques chauds (évènements de Dansgaard-Oeschger) et plus élevées ($\sim$ 0.5 mL.L$^{-1}$) pendant les évènements froids, pouvant atteindre $\sim$ 1 mL.L$^{-1}$ durant les stades associés aux évènements de Heinrich. Dans un dernier chapitre, ces trois méthodes sont appliquées à l'OMZ de la Mer d'Arabie, et un lien entre oxygénation, mousson indienne, et régime des vents est discuté. / Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) are areas in the ocean that are almost completely devoid of dissolved oxygen. For several decades, global climate changes are known to be responsible for fluctuations in the intensity and spatial extent of these OMZs. In this thesis, three independent methods were developed for reconstructing the oxygen concentration of OMZ bottom waters during the late Quaternary. All these methods are based on benthic foraminifera preserved in the fossil record. A micropaleontological method is described in a first publication. This approach is based on the relative abundance of three benthic foraminiferal assemblages. A second publication explores the connection between oxygenation and porosity of the benthic foraminiferal species Bolivina seminuda, characterised by a pore surface area that depends on the [O$_2$]. A third article describes a morphometric approach to past oxygen reconstruction based on a semi-automatic method used to calculate an averaged size and roundness index for each sample. Recent benthic foraminifera, recovered from core-top sediments for which the modern bottom water dissolved oxygen content is known, are used to calibrate the three methods. It is found that warm interstadials (corresponding to Dansgaard-Oeschger events) exhibit conditions almost depleted in [O$_2$] ($\sim$ 0.05 mL.L$^{-1}$) while cold stadials show higher values ($\sim$ 0.5 mL.L$^{-1}$) reaching $\sim$ 1 mL.L$^{-1}$ during stadials associated with Heinrich events. In the final chapter, all three methods are successfully applied to the Arabian Sea OMZ, and a link between oxygenation, the indian monsoon, and the local wind regime is discussed.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo a identificação e o estudo da permanência de formas arquitetônicas greco-romanas, ditas clássicas, nas primeiras igrejas cristãs, em uma fase inicial do seu estabelecimento na região da Palestina, desde o governo de Constantino, na primeira metade do século IV d. C., até o final do século VI d. C. Nesse intervalo de quase três séculos procuramos identificar as formas arquitetônicas essenciais que serão constitutivas das igrejas cristãs em seu momento inicial de organização e estudar de que maneira elementos da cultura clássica foram recuperados e usados nesses espaços. Buscamos ir além da análise estritamente material desses edifícios, que evidenciam em suas formas idéias e valores antigos em contraposição a novos elementos que são adotados nesse momento de mudança, produtos concretos de uma nova cultura que se configura nessa época, conhecida como Período Bizantino. / The goal of this dissertation is the identification and study of Graeco-roman architectural forms - classical forms - that were preserved in early Christian churches built in the Palestinian area. The chronological scope is from the first half of the IVth. century, under Constantine\'s rule, to the end of the VIth. century AD. Studying these three centuries, we tried to recognize which basic architectural shapes had been part of early Christian churches and which classical shapes were preserved. We tried to go beyond the building materials, looking for ancient ideas and values still in use in this age of transformation, called Byzantine Period, when the new concepts of an arising culture were starting to achieve material forms.

A presente tese fornece um primeiro quadro arqueológico para a ocupação pré-cerâmica da Região Cárstica do Alto São Francisco, uma área com cerca de 1500 km² localizada no centro-oeste de Minas Gerais, baseando-se na análise de sete elementos: cronologia (relativa e absoluta), tecnologia lítica, subsistência (fauna), sepultamentos, mobilidade, uso do espaço em cavidades naturais e arte rupestre. Os registros e amostras mais significativos foram obtidos em sondagens e escavações realizadas por níveis arbitrários de 10 cm em quatro sítios em cavidade natural de calcário, totalizando 28m² de área aberta em 11 setores, todos eles situados na área abrigada a partir da linha de goteira para dentro, com destaque, em termos de superfície aberta, para a Gruta do Marinheiro (20m²). Após a análise dos diferentes tipos de evidências por nível, setor e sítio, foi realizada uma síntese onde foram enfocadas as mudanças verticais ou diacrônicas, de origem quantitativa e/ou qualitativa, ao longo dos níveis arbitrários, permitindo observar eventuais tendências, rupturas ou transformações. As variações horizontais ou sincrônicas intra- e intersítio também foram consideradas à luz das diferenças entre os setores escavados. A partir da análise dos sete elementos supracitados obteve-se, de forma resumida, o seguinte quadro geral: observa-se uma ocupação intensa dos abrigos naturais por grupos humanos nos primeiros três mil anos do Holoceno na região (de cerca 10,2 a 7,2 mil anos AP), apresentando uma indústria lítica lascada e bruta com instrumentos tanto bifaciais quanto unifaciais, padronizados ou não. Praticavam uma caça generalizada com destaque para mamíferos de pequeno e médio porte, uma pesca/coleta de peixes não-migradores como os siluriformes (mandi, bagre, etc.) e uma coleta de caramujos gigantes (Gastrópoda). Produziram sepultamentos com padrões diferenciados, conforme também foi observado em outros sítios abrigados de Minas Gerais para o período paleoíndio. Exerciam uma alta mobilidade em que ocupavam os espaços de uma variedade de abrigos naturais, localizados em todos os compartimentos topográficos do carste, de forma padronizada (no total 27 sítios pré-cerâmicos sob abrigo natural foram contemplados). Não restringiam seus movimentos, provavelmente sazonais, apenas a este ambiente como demonstram vestígios 24 encontrados por arqueólogos amadores nas margens do Lago de Furnas (cerca de 80 km a SW do carste). Existem, enfim, indícios circunstanciais para que esses grupos sejam associados à tradição rupestre Planalto. No final argumenta-se pela existência de algumas semelhanças e paralelos com a região de Lagoa Santa, situada 200 km a NE (em linha reta) da região em estudo. / This thesis brings a first archaeological framework for the pre-ceramic occupation of a carstic area situated in the upper São Francisco river valley, also known as the Pains region, with an area of about 1500 km², in the central-western portion of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. This was done by the study of seven elements related to these populations: chronology (relative and absolute), technology (lithic and bone), subsistence (faunal remains), burials, mobility, use of space in rock-shelters and rock-art. The most relevant findings were made in excavations and test-pits by artificial levels of 10 cm in four limestone rock-shelter sites, distributed in eleven different places or sectors, all of them from the drip-line to the interior of the shelters, with a total area of 28m². The most important site is the \"Gruta do Marinheiro\" cave, where 20m² were excavated. After the analysis of the different types of materials by level, sector and site, the quantitative and qualitative vertical changes were studied in search for tendencies, ruptures and/or transformations. The horizontal variations between sectors were also observed. These analysis showed that the rock-shelters were intensely occupied in the first three millennia of the Holocene, between ca. 10200 and 7200 years BP, associated with an unifacial and bifacial lithic industry and faunal remains, indicating they hunted small and middle-sized mammals, fished mainly Siluriformes and gathered Gastropoda. They buried their dead in a variety of manners, in patterns that are also seen in other rock-shelters of Minas Gerais associated with the paleo-indian occupation. Looking at 27 known rock-shelters in the region with pre-ceramic evidence, it was also possible to see that they were present in all main topographical areas of this limestone region, indicating a high mobility within it, but also showing some connections with areas outside, as seen by very similar lithic material found by amateurs in the \"Lago de Furnas\" area (80 km to the SW). There is also circumstantial evidence that could relate these groups to the \"Planalto\" rock-art tradition. Finally we argue that there are many elements that put the Pains region close archaeologically to the better-known Lagoa Santa region, situated 200 km to the NE.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T21:58:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosemery Rocha da Silveira.pdf: 17329999 bytes, checksum: 05fa61425fbe18295c7dcc746ded03e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-10-06 / FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / The Miocene is one of the periods of Earth characterized by pronounced climatic and bioevolutive changes associates to the expressive marine transgressions. In the South America, these events were concomitant with the progressive uplift of Andes cordillera causing significant paleogeographical and paleoenvironmental modifications. In the center-western region of the Amazônia, the palynologic and stratigraphic studies of Miocene Solimões Formation identified two facies associations, unconformably overlain by Pleistocene siliciclastic deposits of Içá Formation: 1) The Association 1- laminated pelite, characterized by grey pelites with concentration of organic matter, related to an lacustrine environment; and 2) Association 2 sandstone and pelite with heterolithic inclined stratification representative of a meandering fluvial system. The continental inflow is indicated by abundance of phytoclast and fresh water algae (Ovoidites). The Neomiocene age for the Solimoes Formation on the Coari region is indicated by occurrence of Echitricolporites spinosus (Superzone X sensu Muller et al., 1997) and confirmed by the presence of Echiperiporites akanthos, it doesn´t reach the Pliocene epoch. Reworked palynomorphs as Crassoretitriletes vanraadshoovenii and Grimsdalea magnaclavata, forms commonly found in the Mesomiocene, confirm the Neomiocene age and the erosive event during Mesomiocene. Additionally, the concomitant erosion of Paleozoic rocks of western border of Amazonas basin is indicated by abundant Neodevonian acritarchs. / O Mioceno representa um dos períodos da evolução da Terra caracterizado por pronunciadas mudanças climáticas e bioevolutivas associadas a expressivas transgressões marinhas. Na América do Sul, estes eventos foram concomitantes com o contínuo soerguimento da Cordilheira dos Andes causando significativas modificações paleogeográficas e paleoambientais no continente. Na região centroocidental da Amazônia, o estudo palinológico e estratigráfico de depósitos miocenos na Formação Solimões, identificou duas associações de fácies, recobertas discordantemente por depósitos pleistocenos da Formação Içá: 1) Associação 1- pelito laminado, caracterizada por pelitos cinza ricos em matéria orgânica, relacionada a um ambiente lacustre; e 2) Associação 2- arenito e pelito com estratificação inclinada heterolítica representativa de um sistema fluvial meandrante. O influxo continental é indicado pela ocorrência de fitoclastos e esporos de algas de água doce (Ovoidites). A idade neomiocena para a Formação Solimões na região de Coari é indicada pela ocorrência de Echitricolporites spinosus (Superzone X sensu Muller et al., 1987) e presença de Echiperiporites akanthos, que não atinge o Plioceno. Palinomorfos transportados como Crassoretitriletes vanraadshoovenii e Grimsdalea magnaclavata, formas comumente encontradas no Mesomioceno, confirmam a idade neomiocena e o evento erosivo durante o Mesomioceno. Além disso, a erosão concomitante de rochas paleozóicas da borda oeste da Bacia do Amazonas é indicada pela abundância de acritarcos neodevonianos retrabalhados.