A total change of culture is happening in the world and the church should take cognizance of it because people's religious experience is not detached from their cultural context. In the light of the changing contemporary culture and new challenges for the ministry, the research question was posed: why is a wellness ministry by AFM pastors in an urban context necessary and what should it entail in the guiding of people towards wellness? The objective of the study is therefore to research a wellness ministry by AFM pastors in an urban context with the aim of proposing a model for such a ministry where people may be guided towards wellness. The study was done by using the practical-theological model of Zerfass as point of departure which comprises the following: - a meta theory where material from other disciplines are studied; - a basis theory where Scriptural perspectives on the topic had been researched; - empirical research by way of interviews with pastors; and - a practice theory where guidelines are proposed for a wellness ministry by AFM pastors in an urban context. In the meta theoretical part of the study it became clear that the circumstances with which people are confronted in the contemporary culture, a change of focus necessitates from a lifestyle of only combating disease to one of promoting wellness. Research has shown that quite a number of wellness models already exist which are being applied in practice. The basis theoretical part of the investigation showed that Scripture provides numerous guidelines with regard to a wellness ministry for the whole person in connection with the body, soul and spirit. The results which surfaced from the empirical study, confirmed the meta- and basis theoretical research. Consequently the practice theory has been formulated from the hermeneutical interaction of the different components of the research in the format of a proposed model. With reference to the research question, central theorical argument and the research reflected in chapters 2 through 5, the final conclusion states that a wellness ministry by AFM pastors in an urban context is necessary and should play an important part in the guiding of people towards wellness. A model where the strategy for such a ministry has been explained, is finally proposed. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Pastoral)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-01-31Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:11:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 miqueleto_nsml_me_botfmvz.pdf: 309393 bytes, checksum: f530b1922278480685ea438845e03b50 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O trabalho teve por objetivos avaliar padrões cinemáticos dos membros torácicos e pélvicos em cães hígidos da raça Pastor Alemão, ao trote em esteira, e compará-los com cães displásicos da mesma raça sem sinais clínicos de claudicação, para determinar a viabilidade do método como contribuinte diagnóstico. Foi utilizado um total de 20 cães, divididos em dois grupos equitativos, a saber: Grupo 1 – cães hígidos, seis machos e quatro fêmeas, com peso médio de 27,3 a 46 kg (média = 35,76 kg, DP= 5,87) e idade entre 2 e 7 anos (média de 3,55 anos); Grupo 2 – cães com displasia coxofemoral, cinco machos e cinco fêmeas, com peso entre 29 e 41,6 (média = 35,33 kg; DP= 4,36) e idade variando de 1 a 5 anos (média de 3,35 anos). Os dados cinemáticos foram coletados com o emprego de três câmeras e analisados por um programa de análise de movimento. Foram registrados os valores angulares e a velocidade angular das articulações do ombro, cotovelo, do carpo, coxofemoral, joelho e do tarso. Em ambos os Grupos não foram observadas diferenças na média entre os membros pélvicos ou entre os membros torácicos em todas as variáveis analisadas. Não ocorreu diferença de valores angulares entre os Grupos. Para a velocidade angular foram observadas diferenças na velocidade angular máxima da articulação coxofemoral (displásico>hígido) e do carpo (hígido>displásico). Foi possível concluir que cães displásicos sem sinais clínicos de claudicação podem apresentar ao trote alterações cinemáticas tanto nos membros pélvicos como torácicos / The aim of this study was to establish kinematic patterns in clinically normal German shepherd dogs and to compare with dogs of the same breed with hip dysplasia with no clinical signs of lameness to determine the importance as auxiliary diagnosis method. Twenty intact German shepherd trotting on a treadmill at a constant speed were used. Ten clinically healthy dogs, 6 males and 4 females, weighing 27.3-46 kg (mean 35.76 kg ± 5.87 SD), and aged from 2 to 7 years (mean 3.55 years) (G1), and 10 dogs with hip dysplasia, weighing 29-41.6 kg (mean 35.33 kg ± 4.36 SD), and aged from 1 to 5 years (mean 3.35 years) (G2). Kinematic data were collected by use of a 3-camera system. Data were analyzed by use of a motion-analysis program. Flexion and extension joint angles, angular velocity and angular acceleration were determined for the shoulder, elbow, carpal, hip, stifle, and tarsal joints. Within each group, the differences between the right and left limbs in all kinematic variables were not significant. No differences were observed in joint angles (maximum, minimum, displacement) between Groups. Significant differences were observed in the maximum angular velocity of the hip joint (dysplastic>healthy) and carpal joint (healthy>dysplastic). In conclusion, dysplastic dogs with no signs of lameness trotting on a treadmill may present joint kinematic alterations in the hind limbs as well as forelimbs

Foram utilizados trinta cães do sexo masculino, da raça Pastor Alemão, adultos de diferentes idades. Os animais foram doados por Centros de Controle de Zoonoses, consultórios, clínicas e hospitais veterinários dos municípios de São Paulo (SP) e Petrolina (PE), sendo que os animais eram necropsiados no próprio local de coleta, onde eram previamente pesados e mensurados. Inicialmente, promovíamos uma incisão única, da região mentoniana ao períneo. As cavidades craniana, oral, torácica, abdominal e pélvica eram abertas, expondo seus respectivos órgãos, que tinham suas dimensões determinadas com o auxílio de paquímetro milimetrado e/ou fita métrica milimetrada, enquanto sua massa era aferida com o uso de balança analítica de precisão digital. Os resultados foram tabulados, os animais separados em três grupos, conforme as dimensões de altura e comprimento corporais, promoveu-se o teste de correlação linear de Pearson, sendo que com todas as variáveis que correlacionaram-se, efetuou-se as análises de variâncias para determinar a existência de diferença entre as médias. Foram cruzadas as variáveis dos órgãos com os parâmetros corporais e com a idade, além de confrontar dados referentes aos próprios órgãos e destes com órgãos homólogos ou com seus pares, como é o caso do globo ocular, dos lobos tireoideanos, dos rins, das glândulas adrenais, dos ureteres, dos testículos, dos ductos deferentes e dos lobos pancreáticos. Com relação aos dados corporais, obteve-se correlação significativa entre altura e comprimento corporais (resultado que demonstra padrão de longilinidade, onde seu esquadro corporal de perfil mostra-se retangular, sendo que quanto mais alto é o animal, mais longo ele será), altura corporal e altura do tórax, comprimento corporal e altura do tórax, altura corporal e altura abdominal, comprimento corporal e altura abdominal, largura do tórax e largura abdominal, altura corporal e altura da cabeça, comprimento corporal e altura da cabeça, largura do tórax e largura da cabeça, e altura abdominal com altura da cabeça. Com relação à organologia, foram obtidas as seguintes correlações: altura do globo ocular direito com altura do globo ocular esquerdo, comprimento do globo ocular direito com comprimento do globo ocular esquerdo, massa do globo ocular direito com massa do globo ocular esquerdo, altura com comprimento laríngeos, comprimento com largura laríngeos, comprimento com massa laríngeos, largura com massa laríngeos, altura com comprimento cardíacos, altura com massa cardíacas, comprimento com massa cardíacos, altura com largura da traquéia, comprimento com largura da traquéia, altura com massa da traquéia, largura com massa da traquéia, altura da traquéia com altura corporal, altura traqueal com comprimento corporal, comprimento da traquéia com altura corporal, largura traqueal com altura corporal, largura da traquéia com comprimento corporal, massa traqueal com comprimento corporal, altura com largura diafragmáticas, altura com massa diafragmáticas, largura com massa diafragmáticas, espessura com massa do fígado, comprimento com massa do duodeno descendente, massa do duodeno descendente com altura corporal, comprimento com massa do baço, espessura do lobo pancreático direito com espessura do lobo pancreático esquerdo, altura da glândula adrenal direita com altura da glândula adrenal esquerda, comprimento da glândula adrenal direita com altura da glândula adrenal esquerda, largura da glândula adrenal direita com largura da glândula adrenal esquerda, massa da glândula adrenal direita com massa da glândula adrenal esquerda, altura do rim direito com altura do rim esquerdo, comprimento do rim direito com comprimento do rim esquerdo, largura do rim direito com largura do rim esquerdo, massa do rim esquerdo com comprimento do rim direito, massa do rim direito com massa do rim esquerdo, comprimento do ureter direito com altura corporal, comprimento do ureter direito com comprimento corporal, diâmetro do ureter direito com diâmetro do ureter esquerdo, massa do ureter direito com massa do ureter esquerdo, largura com massa prostáticas, espessura da glande com espessura da raiz e do corpo penianos, altura do testículo esquerdo com altura do testículo direito, comprimento do testículo direito com comprimento do testículo esquerdo, comprimento do ducto deferente direito com comprimento do ducto deferente esquerdo, diâmetro do ducto deferente direito com diâmetro do ducto deferente esquerdo, massa do ducto deferente direito com massa do ducto deferente esquerdo. / They made use of 30 dogs, male, breed: German Shepherd, adults from different ages. The donation of the animals were done by Zoonoses, clinics, offices and veterinarian hospitals in São Paulo(SP) and Petrolinea (PE), being necropsyed at the same place of their collect where they were previously weighted and listed. Inicially was done just one incision from mentoniana to perineum. The skull cavity, oral, chest, abdominal and pelvic were opened exposing their respectives organs, that had their dimensons detemined by the auxiliary of a paquimeter and/or a millimetered measuring tape, while its mass was compared by the use of corporal lenght was done a linear correlation test of Pearson, as with all of the changeablewhich were correlated, the analyses were done by variancies. To determine the existence between the médium average difference. It was crossed the changeable of the organ to the corporal parameters in relation to the age, besides confronting the data referent to the own organs and from these to homologo organs or with their pairs, as the use of eye bail tireoideans lobes, kidneys, adicional glands, ureters, testicles from different ductos and pancreatics lobes. Refering to the corporal data, they obtained significative correlation between corporal height and lenght. Results that shows pattern of longilinity, where its outline corporal square shows itself retangular, as taller the animal is as longer it will be,corporal height, chest height, corporal lenght and chest height, corporal height and abdominal height, chest and abdominal width, corporal and head height, chest and head width, abdominal and head height. Referent to organologic , they obtained the following correlations: right eye bail height with left eye bail height, right eye bail lenght with left eye bail lenght,right eye bail mass with left eye bail mass, laringean lenght, laringeans lenght and width, lenght with laringeans mass, width with laringeos mass, height with cardiac lenght, height with cardiac mass, windpipe width, lenght width windpipe, height with windpipe mass, width with windpipe mass, height windpipe with corporal height, windpipe width with corporal lenght, windpipe mass with corporal lenght, diafragmatics height and width, height abd diafragmatic mass, width with diafragmatic mass. Thickness with mass descendent duodeno with corporal height, spleen mass, right panceatic lobe, thickness with left pancreatic lobe thickness, right adrenal gland height with left adrenal gland height, right adrenal gland lenght with left adrenal gland lenght, right adrenal gland width with left adrenal gland width, right adrenal gland mass with left adrenal gland mass, right kidney height with left kidney height, right kidney lenght with left kidney lenght, right kidney width with left kidney width, left kidney mass with right lidney lenght, right kidney mass with with left kidneymass, rightureter lenght mass, prostatic width mass, thickness of the gland with thickness root of the penial body, with the right ureter lenght with corporal lenght, right ureter diameter with left ureter diameter, right ureter mass with left testicle height with right testicle height, right testicle lenght with left testicle lenght, right deferent duct lenght, diameter of the right deferent duct with diameter of the left deferent duct lenght, mass of the right deferent duct with mass of the deferent duct.

Este trabalho desenvolve algumas reflexões sobre o bucolismo de Virgílio e sua originalidade. Discorreremos sobre a origem deste gênero, como também sobre os temas característicos da poesia bucólica que são o cenário bucólico, o amor heterossexual, homossexual e o amor-veneração e os elementos mitológicos. Dividimos o estudo sobre o estilo virgiliano em três partes. Na primeira, mostraremos a presença dos helenismos nas Bucólicas. Na segunda, veremos as estruturas sintáticas que mais aparecem em sua poesia: o paralelismo sintático, o uso do vocativo, o uso do imperativo e a presença de elipses e zeugmas. Num último momento, focalizaremos o ritmo, a musicalidade e as figuras de harmonia, de construção, de repetição e quiasmo, de pensamento e os tropos. As alusões políticas em Virgílio também serão registradas e exemplificadas nesta dissertação. Na conclusão, focalizaremos dois gêneros literários especiais que estão presentes nas Bucólicas - o canto amebeu e o epigrama - gêneros esses que contribuem para acentuar o hibridismo no poema de Virgílio. Outrossim, podemos afirmar que As Bucólicas de Virgílio serviram de paradigma para as literaturas posteriores das civilizações contemporâneas de ascendência greco-latina. / This research introduces some reflections about Virgil\'s bucolic poetry and his originality. Considerations are made about the origins of this genre, as well as about the themes which are recurrent in bucolic poetry, such as bucolic landscape, heterosexual and homosexual love, love-admiration, and mythological elements. We have divided the study of Virgilian style in three parts. In the first part, the presence of Hellenic traits in the work Bucolics is suggested. In the second part, recurrent syntactic structures in his poetry are explored: syntactic parallelism, the use of the vocative, the use of the imperative form, ellipsis and zeugma. Finally, focus is given to rhythm, musicality and figures of harmony, repetition and chiasm, of thinking and tropes. Political allusions in Virgil are also discussed and exemplified in this dissertation. In the conclusion, two special literary genres are introduced, which feature in Bucolics - the amebeu chant and the epigram, which contribute to Virgil\'s poem being a text in which one can notice hybridism, in generic terms. Virgil\'s Bucolics became a paradigmatic work to literature in civilizations of both Greek and Latin ascent.

A displasia coxofemoral (DCF) é uma doença poligênica, hereditária que acomete várias espécies e é influenciada por diversos fatores durante o desenvolvimento causando incongruência articular. É uma das afecções ortopédicas mais comuns em cães e possui alta incidência em animais da raça Pastor Alemão. O objetivo desse estudo foi correlacionar o grau de severidade da DCF com a locomoção dos cães através da análise cinética pelo sistema de baropodometria (Tekscan®) que propicia de modo quantitativo os valores das forças verticais de reação ao solo verificando assim alterações no apoio de cães displásicos durante a locomoção. Foram formados 5 grupos de acordo com a classificação de DCF segundo as categorias A, B, C, D e E com 8 pastores alemães em cada. Os animais foram examinados para controle e descrição dos sinais apresentados, bem como realizaram o teste de análise cinética do qual foi retirado 5 passagens válidas sobre a plataforma múltipla para comparação entre as forças de reação ao solo (FRS). Na análise cinética foram avaliados: - pico de força vertical (PFV), impulso vertical (IV) e tempo de apoio (TA) com a velocidade constante entre 1,3 a 1,6 m/s. Além da metodologia convencional foi realizada a análise de cada região de apoio, a fim de verificar a distribuição das FRS nos coxins e dígitos. Dos resultados obtidos nota-se uma tendência a diminuição progressiva do PFV nos membros pélvicos (MPs) a partir do grupo de cães com displasia leve (C) e o impulso se apresentou diminuído nos cães displásicos sem qualquer correlação com a severidade da doença. Nenhuma compensação relevante foi encontrada nos membros torácicos (MTs) e não houve diferença entre o TA em cães displásicos. A simetria entre o lado direito e esquerdo foi constatada em todos os grupos pela análise convencional. A nova metodologia permitiu a descrição detalhada do padrão da curva de força em formato de M realizada pelo coxim no inicio do apoio e pelos dígitos em um segundo momento. Entretanto dada a variabilidade e assimetria do apoio nessas regiões pode-se inferir que o coxim dos MTs têm maior porcentagem de apoio em relação aos dos MPs e essa distribuição não é afetada de modo regular na DCF. Os sinais clínicos apresentados ao exame físico como a dor, claudicação, atrofia muscular e diminuição de amplitude articular, corroboram com a diminuição do apoio em cães displásicos. Conclui-se que de acordo com o grau de severidade da DCF os animais têm uma tendência a apoiarem menos nos MPs, entretanto deve-se levar em conta a condição individual de cada animal, pois há cães displásicos que possuem o mesmo padrão de apoio de cães livres de DCF. / Hip dysplasia (HD) is a polygenic disease, inherited that affects many species and is influenced by several factors during development causing joint incongruity. It is one of the most common orthopedic disorders in dogs and has a high incidence in German shepherd dogs. The objective of this study was to correlate the degree of severity of the HD with the locomotion of dogs by kinetic analysis trough the pressure walkway system (Tekscan®) that provides quantitative values of vertical ground reaction forces (GRF) to the changes in the support of dysplastic dogs during locomotion. Five groups were performed according to HD´s classification in the categories A, B, C, D and E in German shepherd dogs total of 8 animals in each group. Dogs were examined and kinetic analysis was performed with 5 valid passages on the multiple platforms were used for comparison each groups. In kinetic analysis was assessed the peak vertical force (PVF), vertical impulse (VI), and stance phase (SF) with a constant speed between 1.3 to 1.6m/s. Besides conventional methodology the analysis of support checking the distribution of GRF in the pad and digits in each region were innovative. Results had a tendency to decrease progressively the PVF in the hindlimbs (HL) from group C (mild dysplasia) and VI is decreased in dysplastic dogs without any correlation with the severity of disease. Relevant compensation was not found in the forelimbs (FL) and even in dysplastic dogs there were no difference between the SF. Symmetry between the right and left side was found in all groups by conventional analyze. The new methodology has allowed a detailed description of the standard curve of force in M-shaped held by the support pad at the beginning and the digits in a second time. However given the variability and asymmetry of support in these areas we can only assert that the FL pads have a higher percentage of support from HL and this distribution is not affected on a regular basis in the HD. The clinical signs presented by physical examination like pain, lameness, muscle atrophy and articulate amplitude decreased, corroborated with the support decrease in dysplastic dogs. We conclude that according to the severity HD degree animals have tendencies to support less at the HL. However it should be consider the individual response because there are dysplastic dogs that have the same pattern of support that dogs free of HD.

O nome síndrome da cauda eqüina define as manifestações clínicas oriundas da disfunção sensorial e/ou motora causada pela lesão das raízes nervosas que formam a porção terminal da medula espinhal. É uma condição neurológica resultante da compressão, destruição ou deslocamento dos trajetos nervosos que constituem a cauda eqüina. Acomete freqüentemente os cães de raças de grande porte, como Labrador, Golden Retriever, Bernese Mountain dog, Rottweiler e Pastor Alemão, não possuindo predileção quanto ao sexo e idade. As causas são inúmeras, podendo estar relacionada a fatores adquiridos, mais comuns nas raças de grande porte; ou congênitos, os quais são mais freqüentes nas raças de pequeno porte. Em ambos os casos, a estenose lombo-sacra é a causa mais comum, correlacionando-se às alterações das partes moles e/ou tecidos ósseos no segmento lombo-sacro. Este estudo teve por objetivo realizar uma análise crítica da contribuição dos métodos de imagem, quais sejam exames: radiográfico simples e tomográfico, para avaliação do segmento lombo-sacro em 30 cães da raça Pastor Alemão. Sendo treze animais pertencentes ao grupo (A) sem manifestações clínicas e alterações radiográficas no segmento lombo-sacra; doze animais pertencentes ao grupo (B) sem manifestações clínicas com alterações radiográficas no segmento lombo-sacro e cinco animais pertencentes ao grupo (C) com manifestações clínicas e portadores de alterações radiográficas no segmento lombo-sacro. Todos os exames foram submetidos a um protocolo de avaliação tendo como principais mensurações radiográficas: ângulo lombo-sacro, ângulo formado entre as epífises de L7-S1, ângulo dos processos articulares de L7-S1, listese ventral de S1 em relação à L7, grau de intersecção do vértice dos ângulos mensurados e grau de movimento na região lombo-sacra. O deslocamento ventral de S1 em relação à L7 esteve presente na maioria dos animais nos três diferentes grupos não só na dorso-extensão, levantando a hipótese de no padrão racial estudado, certo grau de listese possa fazer parte do esperado para o segmento lombo-sacro. Foi constatado diferença estatística entre os animais, nos seguintes grupos e variáveis: ângulo formado entre as epífises de L7-S1 (grupo A e B), grau de intersecção do ângulo entre as epífises de L7-S1 (grupo A e B), ângulo lombo-sacro (grupo A e B) e grau de movimento no segmento lombo-sacro (grupo A e B, A e C). Desta maneira, o grau de movimento demonstrou-se como elemento relevante no critério de avaliação do segmento lombo-sacro. O exame tomográfico mostrou-se superior na avaliação do canal vertebral, foramens intervertebrais e processos articulares, os quais puderam ser avaliados com maior riqueza de detalhes. Concluiu-se com esta pesquisa que as duas modalidades de imagem se complementam, constituindo ferramentas importantes na avaliação clínico-cirúrgica do segmento lombo-sacro, auxiliando no diagnóstico, estabelecimento do prognóstico e da terapêutica a ser adotada. / The name cauda equina syndrome defines the clinical signs that come from the sensory and or motor neural dysfunction caused by the terminal part of the spinal cord and adjacent nerve roots damages. Its one neurological condition resulting from the compression, destruction and displacement of the nervous routes which form the cauda equina. This syndrome normally happens to large breed dogs like the Labrador retriever, Golden Retriever, Bernese mountain dog, Rottweiler and the German shepherd dogs, without preference of gender or age. There are countless causes, which can be related to acquired factors, more common in the large breed dogs; or congenital, which are more frequent in the small breed dogs. In both cases, the stenosis lumbosacral is the most frequent, correlating to the alterations of the soft tissues and/ or the bone tissues in the lumbosacral segment. The aim of this sudy was to analise critically the real contribution of diagnostic imaging (X-Ray and CT), of the lumbosacral region of 30 German shepherd dogs. There were thirteen animals that belonged to the group (A) without clinical signs and X-Ray alterations in the lumbosacral segment; twelve animals belonged to the group (B) without clinical signs, with X-Ray alterations in the lumbosacral segment; five animals belonged to the group (C) with clinical signs and they had X-Ray alterations in the lumbosacral segment. All exams were submitted to one evaluation report which had as main radiographic measurements: lumbosacral angle, endplate angle L7 S1, articular process angle L7 S1 , ventral displacement of S1 to L7, the point of intersection of the measured angles and the mobility of the lumbosacral junction. The ventral displacement of S1 related to L7 was present in most of the animals in the three different groups not only in the extension position, raising the hypothesis about the racial standard established, a certain degree of ventral displacement of the sacrum might be part of the expected for the lumbosacral segment. It was noticed a statistical difference among the animals in the following groups and variables: endplate angle L7 S1 (groups A and B), the point of intersection of the endplate angle L7 S1 (groups A and B), lumbosacral angle (groups A and B) and the mobility of the lumbosacral junction (groups A and B, A and C). This way, the mobility showed itself as an relevant element in the criterion of evaluation of the lumbosacral segment. The CT examination showed being superior in the evaluation of the vertebral canal, intervertebral foramen and the articular processes, which could be evaluated with a greater number of details. It was concluded with this research that the two modalities of images complement each other, becoming important tools in the clinical- surgical evaluation in the lumbosacral segment, helping in the diagnosis, prognostic and therapeutic to be adopted.

No description available.

In Zambia, it is true to say that people are politically free but materially still very poor, 49 years after independence which was attained in 1964. Many people lie below poverty datum-line and those that are, most hit, are the people living in rural areas. Many people are flocking from the rural areas to cities, leaving the old people, women and children in rural areas and in poverty. The levels of poverty in Zambia have reached a crisis, that even the president of Zambia, His Excellence Mr. Michael Chilufya Sata, acknowledged this fact during his parliamentary address to the second session of the 11th National assembly broadcast live on Zambia National broadcasting Network in September 2012. The church is challenged by conditions under which the rural dwellers find themselves in. As a church, our political liberation is to be transformed and driven by the will to restructuring and healing our society; thus ultimately developing those individuals who are suffering in the rural areas of the country. In Zambia, the church should accept that the missionaries who brought the gospel from western countries worked very well in the area of community development. The missionaries’ work and their care for the poor should inspire the churches today to be willing to help the poor rural people to be transformed. The good thing the United Church of Zambia could learn from the early missionaries is that the Christian church needs to be committed and involved in the plight of the poor. The church cannot ignore the socio – economic issues that affect rural poor communities. The United Church of Zambia should be transformed and made to understand that human liberation is not possible, if the political and economic issues are not equally addressed, a human being is not only the soul but also, consist of body and mind. The Christian church must bring a holistic ministry to the suffering people. The church; especially the United Church of Zambia, should understand that economic freedom is a reality which cannot be separated from people’s daily life. The church should learn to listen and act as ‘a midwife’ and a place of safety. She must be willing to suffer with the poor, for the sake of the poor. While the church is committed to development issues, let it also not lose sight of spiritual issues. Therefore, the church leadership should serve as a role model in human and community development. The Christian church should use the gospel to change the mind-set of the rural poor in order to help them transform their living standards. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Practical Theology / unrestricted

This thesis explores concept of mentoring among pastors of the Church of the Brethren denomination in the Czech republic. The text is divided into four chapters. Individual chapters first introduce the basic terminology, theoretical and historical definition of mentoring, participants, key principles and forms of mentoring. Subsequently, attention is focused on the analogues of mentoring in church history, on medieval spiritual accompaniment, on the role of the spiritual and finally on mentoring among preachers, pastors and vicars nowadays. The text also deals with the issue of roles and competencies of the mentor with a focus on the mentor of spiritual workers. Part of this thesis is a quantitative research survey, which examines the practice of mentoring among preachers and vicars of the Church of the Brethren, identifies competences of their mentors and also the key topics of mentoring meetings. Key words: mentoring, mentor, competence, pastor, vicar, spiritual accompaniment

Se aborda el estudio y análisis descriptivo de las formaciones geológicas con sílex y su empleo por el ser humano durante el Paleolítico medio. El marco de estudio geoarqueológico se encuadra en el Prebético de Alicante y S de Valencia. El análisis arqueológico se realiza a través del análisis de las áreas de aprovisionamiento de sílex y de las secuencias arqueológicas de los yacimientos de El Salt (Alcoy), Abric del Pastor (Alcoy) y Cueva del Cochino (Villena).