This dissertation consists of three essays on private landowners' response to incentives for carbon sequestration in forests. The first essay examines private landowner response to incentives for carbon sequestration through various combinations of intermediate management practices. The second essay focuses on agricultural landowners' willingness to participate in an incentive program for carbon sequestration through afforestation, and estimates the potential for carbon sequestration from afforestation, as well as its cost. The third study examines relative performances of incentive targeting strategies for forest carbon sequestration under asymmetric information given spatially heterogeneous land types. The first essay uses an econometric approach to analyze the factors affecting non-industrial private forest landowners' choice of forest management practices, and examines how these choices might change in response to the use of incentives for carbon sequestration. I use estimated parameters to simulate the carbon sequestration potential for different combinations of management practices, and compare the effectiveness and costs of performance-based and practice-based incentive payment schemes in the Western U.S. The results suggest that incentive payments can increase the probability that desirable combinations of management practices are adopted, and particularly that incentives targeting increased fertilization yield the highest carbon sequestration potential. I also find that a performance-based payment scheme produces higher carbon sequestration than a practice-based payments scheme. However, the annual sequestration potential of intermediate forest management in response to incentive payment is not as large as the sequestration potential of afforestation. The second essay uses a survey-based stated preference approach to predict landowners' willingness to participate in a tree planting program for carbon sequestration as a function of various factors affecting landowners' decision making and different levels of incentive payments. The estimation results show that the annual payment for carbon sequestration significantly and positively affects landowners' stated level of enrollment in a tree planting program. I use the estimated parameters to conduct regional level simulations of carbon sequestration in response to incentive payments. These simulations show that the carbon supply function in the Pacific Northwest region is steeper than in the Southeast region because of the lower adoption rate and less available lands. The national level carbon supply functions derived from this study are steeper than those obtained from bottom-up engineering approaches and optimization models, and are in the same range as those from revealed preference approach studies. The third essay uses both a conceptual analysis and a numerical analysis to examine the relative performances of incentive programs for carbon sequestration using alternative targeting criteria in the presence of asymmetric information and heterogeneity in costs and benefits. The results show that in the presence of asymmetric information, the combination of high cost-high benefit variability and negative correlation, which is the combination that achieves the greatest benefit gains under perfect information, can result in the greatest benefit losses. Additionally, a comparison of two targeting schemes shows that if cost variability is greater than benefit variability with negative correlation, the benefit achieved under benefit-cost ratio targeting can be lower than that under acreage targeting, so that an optimal targeting strategy under perfect information may no longer be optimal under asymmetric information. / Graduation date: 2013

Zahlungen für Ökosystemdienstleistungen (Payments for Ecosystem Services – PES) und auktionsbasierte Vergabeverfahren sind ein wichtiges und innovatives Instrument im Kampf gegen den fortwährenden Verlust von biologischer Vielfalt. Basierend auf einem Vertrag zwischen einem Leistungserbringer und einem öffentlichen oder privaten Leistungsempfänger, der die Naturschutzleistung entlohnt, können bestimmte Vorgaben der Landschaftspflege oder der agrarwirtschaftlichen Bearbeitung verbindlich festgelegt werden. Die Vorteile von PES liegen in dem direkten monetären Anreiz zur Bereitstellung von Naturschutzleistungen und zudem in der Möglichkeit, ein Niveau an Umweltschutz und –qualität jenseits des von der Umweltgesetzgebung sichergestellten Mindestniveaus zu implementieren. Der Nachteil liegt in der hohen Informationsasymmetrie in der Vertragsbeziehung, welche einerseits dem Umweltgut als Vertragsgegenstand und andererseits der Natur ökonomischen Handelns geschuldet ist. Thema dieser Dissertation ist die Analyse der interdependenten Beziehung von Kompetitivität und Vertragserfüllung und das Aufzeigen der Relevanz von Vertrauen und Reziprozität in Verträgen über Umweltgüter. Auf diese Weise leistet sie einen Beitrag zu der umfangreichen und multidisziplinären Literatur über Zahlungen für Ökosystemdienstleistungen und Naturschutzauktionen. Während der vergangenen 25 Jahre habe Praktiker und Wissenschaftler unser Verständnis der Funktionsweise von Ausschreibungen zur Allokation von Zahlungen für Ökosystemdienstleistungen konstant verbessert und erweitert. Ein Großteil der Forschungsaktivität war jedoch auf die Auktionsmetrik und das Bieterverhalten gerichtet, wohingegen die resultierende Vertragsbeziehung zwischen Programmverwaltern (den Käufern) und Landbesitzern (den Ausführenden) weitgehend unbeachtet blieb. Wie in dieser Dissertation bewiesen wird, ist jedoch genau diese Beziehung der Schlüssel für ein erfolgreiches marktbasiertes Naturschutzprogramm. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird in drei Artikeln argumentiert, dass Vertrauen und Reziprozität für die Überwindung von asymmetrischer Information in kompetitiv alloziierten PES-Verträgen von herausragender Bedeutung sind. Anhand eines für diese Arbeit entwickelten, zweistufigen experimentellen Testszenarios wird der Entscheidungsprozess in der inversen Auktion und in der anschließenden Vertragserfüllung in der kontrollierten Laborumgebung simuliert. In einem ersten Experiment kann auf Basis dieses Untersuchungsdesigns gezeigt werden, dass die Informations- und Anreizkonstellation in Naturschutzauktionen ein erhöhtes Risiko für vorvertragliche adverse Selektion, opportunistisches Verhalten bei Vertragserfüllung und somit suboptimale Ergebnisse birgt. Das Marktversagen kann jedoch durch eine vertrauensstiftende Institution, wie zum Beispiel Kommunikation zwischen Käufern und Verkäufern, verhindert werden. Persönliche Interaktion veranlasst Marktteilnehmer ihr individuell-rationales Verhalten zugunsten einer sozial-verträglicheren Verhaltensweise zu ändern. Dabei entsteht ein erhebliches Potential für die Bilateralisierung der Vertragsbeziehungen. Ein zweites Experiment verdeutlicht jedoch, wie wichtig vertrauensbasierte Vertragsbeziehungen insbesondere in Bereitstellungsumgebungen sind, die stark von externen, stochastischen Einflüssen verzerrt werden können. Ohne das nötige Vertrauen bricht die Kooperation in einem derartigen Szenario fast vollständig zusammen. Schließlich lässt der systematische Vergleich der Ergebnisse aus beiden Experimenten in einem dritten Aufsatz keinen Zweifel daran, dass stabile Langzeitvertragsbeziehungen in auktionsbasierten Vertragsnaturschutzprogrammen gefördert und nicht verhindert werden sollten. Langzeitverträge sind randomisierten Kurzzeitverträgen aus der Perspektive des Naturschutzes aber auch hinsichtlich der Kosteneffektivität überlegen. Daher liegt eine wesentliche Herausforderung für Programmentwickler darin, einerseits die Bildung von ausreichend Sozialkapital zu ermöglichen und andererseits faire Markt- und Vergabestrukturen zu erhalten.

A Lei Federal n. 12.651/2012 dispõe sobre a proteção da vegetação nativa sendo denominada pela doutrina especializada como Novo Código Florestal Brasileiro. Entre as principais alterações encontra-se um novo mecanismo de compensação de Área de Reserva Legal denominado de Cotas de Reserva Ambiental. A nova legislação permite que o proprietário rural transforme a área excedente de sua Reserva Legal em Cotas de Reserva Ambiental correspondentes a cada hectare de vegetação nativa. Contudo, a pequena propriedade rural, isto é, aquela que possui até4 (quatro) módulos fiscais, pode instituir as Cotas de Reserva Ambiental sobre todo o tamanho de sua área de reserva legal, não somente sobre o excedente. Ademais, a pequena propriedade está desobrigada a manter o percentual mínimo de área de reserva legal, desde que a área estivesse consolidada em 22 de julho de 2008, sendo proibidos novos desmatamentos. Em virtude de tantas peculiaridades e diante da complexidade das questões que envolvem o meio ambiente e o desenvolvimento sustentável, para a presente pesquisa, optou-se por um estudo de caso na Comunidade da Linha Damaceno, zona rural do município de Pato Branco, localizada no Bioma Mata Atlântica, de formação vegetal Floresta Ombrófila Mista Montana. A Comunidade está inserida na macrozona de manancial agrícola, eis que banhada pelo Rio Pato Branco e seus afluentes (Rio Pinheiro, Rio da Divisa), e de onde a SANEPAR faz a captação de água que abastece o município. Para compreender como esta comunidade percebe as questões ambientais, utilizou-se de uma pesquisa semiestruturada, contendo um formulário e uma entrevista, além de métodos como a análise dialógica do discurso e da percepção ambiental. Os resultados obtidos fizeram uma correlação entre o desenvolvimento sustentável, o pagamento de serviços ambientais e compensação de área de reserva legal por cotas de reserva ambiental, pelo viés da interdisciplinaridade. Outrossim, em razão dos métodos utilizados, foi feito um resgate histórico quanto ao surgimento da compensação de área de reserva legal no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, e sobre a própria formação da Comunidade Linha Damaceno, que demonstrou possuir também grande riqueza histórica para o município de Pato Branco. Quanto ao tema principal da pesquisa, a possibilidade de comercialização de Cotas de Reserva Ambiental pelos pequenos proprietários rurais da Linha Damaceno, chegou-se à conclusão que existem propriedades que atendem a todos os requisitos atualmente formulados pelo Novo Código Florestal, contudo poucos agricultores demonstraram interesse, principalmente devido às limitações que a propriedade passaria a ter após a instituição das Cotas de Reserva Ambiental. Outro fator de destaque foi à percepção ambiental quanto ao favorecimento dos agricultores que desmataram suas áreas de reserva legal e hoje podem se utilizar do mecanismo de compensação sem a necessidade de restituir os percentuais mínimos da Área de Reserva legal. / The Federal Law n. 12.651 / 2012 refers to the native vegetation protection named by the specialized doctrine as New Brazilian Forest Code. Among the main changes in it, there is a new compensation mechanism of Legal Reserve Area called Environmental Reserve Quotas. The new legislation allows the rural landowner to transform the surplus area of his Legal Reserve into Environmental Reserve Quotas corresponding to each hectare of native vegetation. However, small rural property, that is, the one which has up to four (4) fiscal modules, can institute the Environmental Reserve Quotas over the entire size of its legal reserve area, not only over the surplus area. In addition, the small property is free to maintain the minimum percentage of legal reserve area, since the area had been consolidated on July 22, 2008, and new deforestation is prohibited. Because of the many peculiarities and the complexity of issues involving the environment and sustainable development, to the present piece of research a case study was chosen in the Community of the Damaceno Line, a rural area in the municipality of PatoBranco, located in the Atlantic Forest Biome, of plant formation Mixed Ombrophylous Forest Montana. The community is inserted in the macro-area of agricultural stock, bathed by the Pato Branco River and its tributaries (Rio Pinheiro, Rio da Divisa), and from where SANEPAR collects the water to supply the municipality. To understand how this community perceives environmental issues, a semi-structured research was used, containing a form and an interview, as well as methods such as the dialogical analysis of discourse and environmental perception. The obtained results made a correlation between the sustainable development, the payment of environmental services and compensation of the legal reserve area for quotas of environmental reserve, by means of interdisciplinary orientation. In addition, due to the methods used, a historical rescue was made regarding on the emergence of legal reserve area compensation in the Brazilian legal system, and on the formation of the Linha Damaceno Community, which has also demonstrated great historical wealth for the municipality of PatoBranco. In relation to the main theme of the research, the possibility of commercialization of Environmental Reserve Quotas by the small landowners of the Damaceno Line, it was concluded that there are properties that match all requirements currently formulated by the New Forest Code, however few farmers have shown interest on it, mainly due to the limitations that the property would have after the institution of the Environmental Reserve Quotas. Another important factor was the environmental perception regarding the farmers’ favoring who deforested their legal reserve areas and today can use the compensation mechanism without the need to restore the minimum percentages of the Legal Reserve Area.

A Lei Federal n. 12.651/2012 dispõe sobre a proteção da vegetação nativa sendo denominada pela doutrina especializada como Novo Código Florestal Brasileiro. Entre as principais alterações encontra-se um novo mecanismo de compensação de Área de Reserva Legal denominado de Cotas de Reserva Ambiental. A nova legislação permite que o proprietário rural transforme a área excedente de sua Reserva Legal em Cotas de Reserva Ambiental correspondentes a cada hectare de vegetação nativa. Contudo, a pequena propriedade rural, isto é, aquela que possui até4 (quatro) módulos fiscais, pode instituir as Cotas de Reserva Ambiental sobre todo o tamanho de sua área de reserva legal, não somente sobre o excedente. Ademais, a pequena propriedade está desobrigada a manter o percentual mínimo de área de reserva legal, desde que a área estivesse consolidada em 22 de julho de 2008, sendo proibidos novos desmatamentos. Em virtude de tantas peculiaridades e diante da complexidade das questões que envolvem o meio ambiente e o desenvolvimento sustentável, para a presente pesquisa, optou-se por um estudo de caso na Comunidade da Linha Damaceno, zona rural do município de Pato Branco, localizada no Bioma Mata Atlântica, de formação vegetal Floresta Ombrófila Mista Montana. A Comunidade está inserida na macrozona de manancial agrícola, eis que banhada pelo Rio Pato Branco e seus afluentes (Rio Pinheiro, Rio da Divisa), e de onde a SANEPAR faz a captação de água que abastece o município. Para compreender como esta comunidade percebe as questões ambientais, utilizou-se de uma pesquisa semiestruturada, contendo um formulário e uma entrevista, além de métodos como a análise dialógica do discurso e da percepção ambiental. Os resultados obtidos fizeram uma correlação entre o desenvolvimento sustentável, o pagamento de serviços ambientais e compensação de área de reserva legal por cotas de reserva ambiental, pelo viés da interdisciplinaridade. Outrossim, em razão dos métodos utilizados, foi feito um resgate histórico quanto ao surgimento da compensação de área de reserva legal no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, e sobre a própria formação da Comunidade Linha Damaceno, que demonstrou possuir também grande riqueza histórica para o município de Pato Branco. Quanto ao tema principal da pesquisa, a possibilidade de comercialização de Cotas de Reserva Ambiental pelos pequenos proprietários rurais da Linha Damaceno, chegou-se à conclusão que existem propriedades que atendem a todos os requisitos atualmente formulados pelo Novo Código Florestal, contudo poucos agricultores demonstraram interesse, principalmente devido às limitações que a propriedade passaria a ter após a instituição das Cotas de Reserva Ambiental. Outro fator de destaque foi à percepção ambiental quanto ao favorecimento dos agricultores que desmataram suas áreas de reserva legal e hoje podem se utilizar do mecanismo de compensação sem a necessidade de restituir os percentuais mínimos da Área de Reserva legal. / The Federal Law n. 12.651 / 2012 refers to the native vegetation protection named by the specialized doctrine as New Brazilian Forest Code. Among the main changes in it, there is a new compensation mechanism of Legal Reserve Area called Environmental Reserve Quotas. The new legislation allows the rural landowner to transform the surplus area of his Legal Reserve into Environmental Reserve Quotas corresponding to each hectare of native vegetation. However, small rural property, that is, the one which has up to four (4) fiscal modules, can institute the Environmental Reserve Quotas over the entire size of its legal reserve area, not only over the surplus area. In addition, the small property is free to maintain the minimum percentage of legal reserve area, since the area had been consolidated on July 22, 2008, and new deforestation is prohibited. Because of the many peculiarities and the complexity of issues involving the environment and sustainable development, to the present piece of research a case study was chosen in the Community of the Damaceno Line, a rural area in the municipality of PatoBranco, located in the Atlantic Forest Biome, of plant formation Mixed Ombrophylous Forest Montana. The community is inserted in the macro-area of agricultural stock, bathed by the Pato Branco River and its tributaries (Rio Pinheiro, Rio da Divisa), and from where SANEPAR collects the water to supply the municipality. To understand how this community perceives environmental issues, a semi-structured research was used, containing a form and an interview, as well as methods such as the dialogical analysis of discourse and environmental perception. The obtained results made a correlation between the sustainable development, the payment of environmental services and compensation of the legal reserve area for quotas of environmental reserve, by means of interdisciplinary orientation. In addition, due to the methods used, a historical rescue was made regarding on the emergence of legal reserve area compensation in the Brazilian legal system, and on the formation of the Linha Damaceno Community, which has also demonstrated great historical wealth for the municipality of PatoBranco. In relation to the main theme of the research, the possibility of commercialization of Environmental Reserve Quotas by the small landowners of the Damaceno Line, it was concluded that there are properties that match all requirements currently formulated by the New Forest Code, however few farmers have shown interest on it, mainly due to the limitations that the property would have after the institution of the Environmental Reserve Quotas. Another important factor was the environmental perception regarding the farmers’ favoring who deforested their legal reserve areas and today can use the compensation mechanism without the need to restore the minimum percentages of the Legal Reserve Area.

The goal of the PhD thesis is to investigate the role of behavioural economics considerations for the performance of conservation auctions. The findings of the three scientific articles suggest that behavioural economics considerations like social (distributional) preferences and reference-dependent preferences may affect the attractiveness and economic performance of conservation auctions, respectively. The results of the first and second articles are based on laboratory experiments conducted with university students, in Germany. The third article implements a field experiment to measure farmers’ preferences over Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) allocation mechanisms and the role of fairness therein, in the context of agrobiodiversity loss in Benin.

Die Doktorarbeit untersucht institutionelle Aspekte von staatlichen Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES, positive Anreizinstrumente i.F.v. Zahlungen für Ökosystemleistungen) in der EU und den USA. Die Untersuchung ist zweiteilig: Zunächst werden Design und Performance von bestehenden agrarumweltpolitischen Anreizinstrumenten analysiert, welche vermehrt als PES verstanden werden. Dann wird die Relevanz des Ecosystem Services (ES) Konzeptes für die Ausgestaltung der bestehenden Instrumente identifiziert. Die generellen Forschungsfragen werden hinsichtlich institutionellem Design, institutioneller Performance und institutionellem Interplay konkretisiert und im Rahmen von fünf individuellen Veröffentlichungen beantwortet. Hinsichtlich der Anreizinstrumente werden Regeln für eine effektive Gestaltung hervorgehoben. Ferner wird herausgearbeitet, wie Anreizinstrumente mit bestehenden institutionellen Strukturen interagieren. Hinsichtlich der Politikrelevanz des ES Konzeptes wird dargelegt, dass es bisher nicht in die Umweltgesetzgebung integriert wurde, eine Integration aber fortschreitet. Der größte zukünftige Einfluss des Konzeptes wird für die Klima- und Agrarpolitik vorausgesagt, insbesondere für bestehende Zahlungsinstrumente. Generell wird aufgezeigt, dass Zielgerichtetheit und Integration von staatlichen PES wichtig sind. Für einen funktionierenden Instrumentenmix von PES und Regularien muss die jeweilige Eigentumsrechtsituation transparent gemacht werden und verschiedene Akteure müssen auf einer gemeinsamen Basis zusammenarbeiten. Demgemäß wird diskutiert, welches Potential das ES Konzept dafür bietet, die Kommunikation zwischen den Akteuren zu verbessern und neue Impulse für eine Kooperation zu geben. Schließlich wird argumentiert, dass eine systematische ES Untersuchung und Quantifizierung bessere Möglichkeiten für Zieldefinition und Monitoring bieten könnte, der Nutzen einer ökonomische Bewertung von ES aber immer sehr sorgfältig geprüft werden sollte. / The doctoral thesis identifies and analyses institutional aspects of governmental Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) in the EU and US. The analysis is twofold: First, the design and performance of existing governmental agri-environmental payment schemes that are increasingly labelled as PES have been investigated. Second, the influence of the ecosystem services (ES) concept on such payments has been identified. The general research objectives are structured in terms of institutional design, performance, and interplay. Five individual research papers shed light on the raised issues. Regarding payment schemes, findings indicate certain design rule sets that can be crucial for environmentally effective governmental payments. Furthermore, scheme interactions with other institutional arrangements have been shown. In terms of ES concept driven policies, the identified design principles have hardly been included but their integration is proceeding. The greatest future ES impact on policy design is predicted regarding climate and agricultural policies, especially on existing payment schemes. In summary, effective targeting and integration of governmental PES have been outlined as important. To create and achieve a sound mix of PES with regulations and policies, the property rights situation, the reference point for application of the ‘provider-gets’ and ‘beneficiary-pays’ principles, and any deviations therefrom should be made transparent. Furthermore, different actors must collaborate on basis of common denominators. The potential of ES to enhance communication among actors and provide new impulses for cross-sectoral and cross-level cooperation in existing governmental payments schemes implementation has been discussed. Moreover, it has been argued that regarding governmental payments, systematic ES definition and quantification may offer the opportunity to enhance targeting, and economic valuation and monetarization of ES should be very carefully considered.

Public water utilities are tasked with providing high quality, inexpensive water often sourced from watersheds representing a diverse mix of public and private land ownership. There is increasing recognition amongst water resource managers of the role that private landowners play in determining downstream water quality, but bringing together landowners with a wide variety of land management objectives under the umbrella of watershed stewardship has proven difficult. Recently, a large number of "Payment for Watershed Services" programs have aimed to engage private landowners in watershed stewardship initiatives by offering financial incentives for adopting watershed best management practices. However, a growing field of research suggests that financial incentives alone may be of limited utility to encourage widespread and long-standing behavior change, and instead understanding landowner attitudes and non-financial barriers to stewardship program enrollment has become a focus of research. This research examines a population of rural landowners representing a diversity of agricultural, forestry, recreational, and investment objectives in the Clackamas River watershed, Oregon. I designed and distributed a mail and web-based survey instrument intended to measure land uses and land ownership objectives, attitudes towards watershed stewardship programs, barriers to enrollment in stewardship programs, and preferred incentives and goals that would promote enrollment. I received 281 valid responses for a response rate of 29%. I conducted two primary analyses: one focused on relating attitudes and barriers to intent to enroll in a watershed stewardship program, and one focused on identifying how diverse landowners differ according to factors influencing enrollment in stewardship programs. I found that landowners did not report financial considerations to be a primary barrier to enrollment and expressed low interest in receiving financial incentives. Instead, landowners reported that primary barriers related to lack of trust, ecological understanding, and concerns that stewardship program enrollment would be incompatible with their land management objectives. I do not discount the potential utility of financial incentives under certain circumstances, but emphasize the importance of addressing these other considerations before incentives can make a meaningful impact. I compared how barriers to enrollment were perceived by landowners with different land management objectives relating to production, investment, and conservation. I found that landowner attitudes were differentiated from one another primarily by their use of land for production purposes; however, I found a large amount of diversity between producers and non-producers in the degree to which they considered investment and conservation objectives in their land management, and these two variables added further explanatory power to understanding fine-scale differences in how landowner typologies relate to conservation programs.

No description available.

Submitted by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-08T19:13:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CORREA_Carina_2016.pdf: 35718212 bytes, checksum: 67e15c2afd55ade670a7eb98e27ea9a6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-08T19:13:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CORREA_Carina_2016.pdf: 35718212 bytes, checksum: 67e15c2afd55ade670a7eb98e27ea9a6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-08T19:14:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CORREA_Carina_2016.pdf: 35718212 bytes, checksum: 67e15c2afd55ade670a7eb98e27ea9a6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T19:14:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CORREA_Carina_2016.pdf: 35718212 bytes, checksum: 67e15c2afd55ade670a7eb98e27ea9a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Public policy incentives are essential to the effectiveness of environmental law and the preservation of services provided by ecosystems. In this context, Payments for Ecosystem Services –PSE programs remunerate environmental services providers through funds built from the user/polluter pays logic. This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of implementing a PSA program in Pirajibu watershed, Sorocaba -SP, and suggest suitable alternatives for the conservation of water resources in the region. To this end, secondary data were collected on public agencies. In addition, were analyzed pictures from the RapidEye satellite (Ministry of Environment-ME), and with the help of satellite images from Google Earth, processed in Quantum GIS 1.6 software- Open Source Information Systems Finally, field trips were made to verify the information found. The results indicate that there is difficulty identifying possible providers and calculate the opportunity cost of the land, since agriculture is a rare activity in the region. Regarding environmental services, there was a great potential of the Pirajibu –Mirim River for water supply. This watershed has been studied in more detail, its water sources were mapped and some of them diagnosed in macroscopic analysis in the field. The water sources are, for the most part, in particular areas, with water having satisfactory aspects. However, there is the presence of garbage, lack of identification, proximity roads and the lack of environmental compliance expected by the Brazilian Forest Code (Lei nº. 12.651/ 2012). This scenario shows the importance that public policy in Sorocaba-SP considers the recovery and protection of water sources, however, not directly compensating the owner. It is suggested that the model has the forecast works for soil conversation on dirt roads, in addition to a donation of inputs and technical assistance to owners interested in recovery. Also considering the characteristics of relief and zoning of the master plan, it is proposed to establish a Private Reserve of National Heritage - PRNP at the head region of Pirajibu -Mirim River. Finally, it is suggested the implementation of other tax incentive policies in the region, such as property tax reduction in suitable properties with economic and social use. / As políticas públicas de incentivo são imprescindíveis para a efetividade das legislações ambientais e para a conservação dos serviços providos pelos ecossistemas. Nesse contexto, programas de Pagamentos por Serviços Ambientais-PSA remuneram provedores de serviços ambientais por meio de fundos construídos a partir da lógica do usuário/poluidor-pagador. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a possibilidade da implantação de um programa de PSA na sub-bacia do Pirajibu, no município de Sorocaba-SP, bem como sugerir alternativas adequadas para a conservação dos recursos hídricos na região. Para tanto, foram realizadas coletas de dados secundários em órgãos públicos. Além disso, foram analisadas imagens do satélite Rapideye (Ministério do Meio Ambiente-MMA), e, com o auxílio de imagens de satélite do programa Google Earth, processadas no programa Quantum GIS 1.6. Por fim, saídas de campo foram realizadas para verificação das informações encontradas. A análise dos resultados encontrados indica a dificuldade na identificação de possíveis provedores e nos cálculos do custo de oportunidade da terra, já que a agricultura é uma atividade rara na região. Em relação aos serviços ambientais, a microbacia do rio Pirajibu-Mirim apresentou grande potencial para abastecimento hídrico. Adotada como área prioritária, suas nascentes foram mapeadas e algumas delas diagnosticadas em análise macroscópica em campo. As nascentes estão, em sua grande maioria, localizadas em áreas particulares, com água apresentando aspectos satisfatórios. No entanto, observa-se a presença de lixo, ausência de identificação, proximidade de estradas de terra e a ausência de adequação ambiental prevista pelo Código Florestal brasileiro (Lei nº 12.651/2012). Esse cenário mostra a importância de que uma política pública de conservação em Sorocaba considere a recuperação e proteção de nascentes, entretanto, não remunerando diretamente o proprietário. Sugere-se que o modelo tenha como previsão obras para conservação do solo em estradas de terra, além da doação de insumos e assistência técnica aos proprietários interessados na recuperação. Considerando também as características do relevo e o zoneamento do plano diretor, propõe-se a instituição de uma Unidade de Conservação que incorpore a região de cabeceira do rio Pirajibu-Mirim. Por fim, sugere-se a implantação de outras políticas de incentivos fiscais na região, como redução de IPTU em propriedades adequadas ambientalmente e que apresentem uso econômico e social.

No description available.