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Perceived close friend and parent disapproval/approval of illicit use of prescription stimulantsNayfa, Kara L. 06 August 2021 (has links)
Illicit use of prescription stimulants (IUPS) has become more common in the late adolescent and emerging adulthood populations. This study examined the impact of close friend and parent disapproval/approval on IUPS in college students.
A sample of 903 college students (MAge = 19.23) completed a questionnaire assessing variables including lifetime IUPS (14.59% of sample), and perceived close friend/parent disapproval/approval of either academic or recreational IUPS. A 2 X 2 chi-square test of independence was used to analyze data regarding perceived close friend/parent disapproval/approval and IUPS. There were four primary findings.
First, students were significantly less likely to report having engaged in IUPS if they perceived close friend (CHI2 (1) = 55.99, p < .001) or parent disapproval (CHI2 (1) = 31.99, p < .001) of IUPS for academic purposes. Second, students were significantly less likely to report having engaged in IUPS if they perceived close friend disapproval of IUPS for recreational purposes (CHI2 (1) = 24.38, p < .001). Third, students were significantly more likely to report having engaged in IUPS if they perceived close friend approval (CHI2 (1) = 51.17, p < .001) and parent approval (CHI2 (1) = 7.87, p = .005) for academically-motivated IUPS. Fourth, students were significantly more likely to report having engaged in IUPS if they perceived close friend approval for recreationally-motivated IUPS (CHI2 (1) = 33.86, p < .001). Future researchers should focus on conducting longitudinal studies to confirm if perceived close friend and parent approval function as risk factors for IUPS and if disapproval functions as a protective factor.
Future research is also needed to help identify whether student perceptions of disapproval and approval are accurate (i.e., do close friends and parents really approve or disapprove of IUPS?). Finally, investigators should work to assess whether increased perceptions of disapproval can function to reduce level of IUPS (i.e., not just lifetime prevalence) and whether increases in perceived approval function to exacerbate IUPS. Results of these kinds of research efforts would better inform whether psychoeducational interventions should target decreasing approval and increasing disapproval perceptions in order to both prevent and reduce IUPS behaviors.
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ATTACHMENT TO PARENT AND PEERS AS A MODERATOR OF THE RELATION BETWEEN PARENT/PEER RELIGIOUS COPING AND ADOLESCENT RELIGIOUS COPINGCullman, Ellen P. 30 October 2006 (has links)
No description available.
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Peer Involvement in Adolescent Dating ViolenceStephenson, Pamela Shockey 01 July 2011 (has links)
No description available.
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A friend versus a group of friends effect on physical activity behavior in 6-10 year old childrenSanders, Gabriel J. 09 August 2012 (has links)
No description available.
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Hostile-Coercive Parenting, Adolescent Deviant Behavior, Affiliation with Peers who Drink, and Adolescent Alcohol UseEstonactoc, George Valera 20 November 2003 (has links)
No description available.
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Examination of the Independent and Interactive Effects of Coach and Peer Influence Toward Need Satisfaction of High School Athletes in Urban CommunitiesFraina, Michael G., III 24 May 2017 (has links)
No description available.
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Deviant Peers, Substance Use, and Conduct Problems across Adolescence: Moderators of Selection and Socialization ProcessesPrice, Julia January 2012 (has links)
Although the extant literature suggests that associations with deviant peers (ADP) contribute to the persistence and exacerbation of adolescent conduct problems (CP) and substance use (SU), few studies have investigated processes through which these relations develop, the stability of ADP, risk factors for ADP, or prospective relations among patterns of ADP, CP, and SU across adolescence and substance use disorder (SUD) in early adulthood. Relations among ADP with CP and ADP with SU may be due to selection processes (i.e., youth select into ADP groups) and/or socialization processes (youth are influenced by deviant peers once they enter the ADP group). In addition, selection and socialization processes may be moderated by neuropsychological and temperamental (i.e., emotionality) factors, though there is a dearth of literature examining moderators of these processes. The present study addressed these gaps in the literature by examining five research aims: (1) identify subgroups of youth who vary in type and levels of ADP and CP/SU at three different ages using latent class analysis, (2) investigate the stability of ADP and CP/SU subgroup membership using latent transition analysis, (3) examine the prospective relations among ADP and CP/SU subgroup membership, (4) investigate potential neuropsychological and emotion regulation moderators of selection and socialization processes, and (5) evaluate prospective prediction to SUD in early adulthood from patterns of ADP and CP/SU subgroup membership across adolescence. Participants were youth who participated in a large-scale research project conducted through the Center for Education and Drug Abuse Research at the University of Pittsburgh. Youth and their families completed multiple assessments, beginning when youth were 10-12 years old, followed by assessments at 12-14, 16, and 22 years old. Results indicate (a) deviant peer groups vary based on type and severity of deviant behavior; (b) deviant peer group involvement increased across adolescence and continuity of deviant peer involvement was evident; (c) youth selected peers based on similar levels of deviant behavior across ages 10 to 16 years, but were influenced by these deviant peers to engage in CP and/or SU from ages 12-14 to 16 years; (d) relations between youth deviant behaviors and later selection of deviant friends differed according to levels of youth neuropsychological functioning and temperamental emotionality; and (e) earlier involvement with deviant peers, involvement with deviant peer groups defined by severe CP and SU, and youth engagement in both CP and SU were related to the greatest risk for SUD in early adulthood. / Psychology
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Student Satisfaction Perceived Employability Skills, and Student Engagement: Structural Equation Modeling AnalysesWang, Yingqi 07 July 2020 (has links)
This study identified the relationships of student engagement with senior student satisfaction and perceived employability skills from STEM fields in the U.S. A comparison of the relationships of student engagement, student satisfaction, and perceived employability skills was made across senior Asian international students and their American peers in STEM programs. The National Study of Student Engagement (NSSE) data (2011) was used in this study. Structural equation modeling analyses and invariance tests were employed to estimate different models of student engagement, student satisfaction, and perceived employability skills across different samples. The results found that both sense of support and relationships with others of emotional engagement were found the most important constructs to predict college student satisfaction and perceived employability skills. The cognitive engagement had a significant positive effect on student perceived employability skills across all college students, Asian international students, and American students in STEM education. Moreover, this study identified the mediator role of student perceived employability skills on the relationship between student engagement and student satisfaction for all three samples. Additionally, Asian international students differed from American students regarding academic involvement, participating in extracurricular activities, and sense of support in STEM education. Last but not least, this study supported that the three-dimension student engagement model developed by Fredricks et al. (2004) could apply to U.S. college students. Practical and theoretical implications were discussed and limitations acknowledged. / Doctor of Philosophy / It is widely accepted that attracting STEM talents to the U.S. is a key element to maintain the United States' economic supremacy and competitive advantage in a global economy. Asian international students play a significant role to maintain a steady supply of STEM talent pipelines in the U.S. job market. The purpose of this study is to understand the relationships of student engagement with senior student satisfaction and perceived employability skills from STEM fields in the U.S. This study This study was also to identify the relationships of student engagement, student satisfaction, and perceived employability skills across senior Asian international students and their American peers in STEM programs. The results found that both sense of support and relationships with others of emotional engagement were the most important factors to predict college student satisfaction and perceived employability skills. Cognitive engagement had a significant positive influence on student perceived employability skills across all college students, Asian international students, and American students in STEM education. Moreover, this study identified the mediator role of student perceived employability skills on the relationship between student engagement and student satisfaction. Additionally, Asian international students differed from American students regarding academic involvement, participating in extracurricular activities, and sense of support in STEM education. Last but not least, this study supported that the three-dimension student engagement model could apply to U.S. college students. Practical and theoretical implications were discussed and limitations acknowledged.
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Schulische Peer-Beziehungen und schulische Leistungen: Die Entwicklung des soziometrischen Status von Schülerinnen und Schülern aus sächsischen Oberschulklassen im Kontext ihrer Leistungen und lern- und leistungsbezogenen EinstellungenKolke, Stefan 25 July 2024 (has links)
Positive Sozialkontakte zu Mitschülerinnen und Mitschülern gelten als Prädiktoren für das eigene Wohlbefinden, ermöglichen den Zugang zum Bildungskapital der Klassenkameradinnen und -kameraden und können sozio-emotionale Unterstützung bei der Bewältigung schulischer Anforderungssituationen und alterstypischen Entwicklungsaufgaben leisten. Die individuell verschiedenen Kompetenzen und Eigenschaften der Schülerinnen und Schüler führen jedoch zu ungleichen Ausgangslagen bei der Aufnahme und Pflege von Beziehungen zu den Gleichaltrigen. Es handelt sich um vertikale Ungleichheiten, die in Interaktionsprozessen entstehen und sich unter anderem im soziometrischen Status ausdrücken. Hierbei rücken vor allem zwei Dimensionen in den Fokus: Einfluss und Sympathie. Nach dem Übergang von der Grundschule in die weiterführende Schule stehen die Schülerinnen und Schüler daher nicht zuletzt vor der erneuten Herausforderung, sich im neuen Sozialgefüge zu orientieren und positive Beziehungen zu Mitschülerinnen und Mitschülern aufzubauen. Hierbei rückt vor allem die Frage in den Fokus, welche Kompetenzen und Einstellungen die soziale Stellung in der Klasse begünstigen.
Dieser Argumentation folgend, wird in der Dissertationsstudie einerseits untersucht, wie sich der Sympathie- und Einflussstatus von Oberschülerinnen und -schülern in der weiterführenden Schule darstellt und entwickelt und andererseits, inwiefern schulische Leistungen und lern- und leistungsbezogene Einstellungen mit dem Sympathie- und Einflussstatus in der Klasse im Zusammenhang stehen.
Die Dissertationsstudie ist eine parallele Ergänzungsstudie zu den Studien der wissenschaftlichen Begleitung des Schulversuchs ERINA, da vorhandene Daten genutzt und unter neuen Fragestellungen reanalysiert werden. Grundlage für die quantitativen Analysen im Quer- und Längsschnitt sind die Befunde von 217 Oberschülerinnen und –schüler aus Sachsen, die über vier Messzeitpunkte mittels standardisierter Testverfahren jeweils am Ende der Klassenstufe 5 bis 8 befragt wurden. Den Schwerpunkt der Auswertung bildet die längsschnittliche Untersuchung der reziproken Beziehungsmuster zwischen den soziometrischen Dimensionen und den schulleistungsrelevanten Variablen mit Hilfe von Cross-Lagged-Panelmodellen mit latenten Interzeptfaktoren.:Einleitung
I. Theoretischer Teil
1 Schulische Peer-Beziehungen
1.1 Besonderheiten und Entwicklungsrelevanz von Beziehungen zu Peers
1.1.1 Peers – eine Begriffsbestimmung
1.1.2 Beziehungs- und Interaktionsformen im Peer-Kontext
1.1.3 Schulische Peer-Beziehung als eine Sonderform der Gleichaltrigenbeziehung?
1.1.4 (Schulische) Peers und ihre Bedeutungsvielfalt für die Entwicklungsprozesse der Heranwachsenden
1.1.4.1 Lebensphasen und Entwicklungsaufgaben junger Heranwachsender
1.1.4.2 Peers als sozialer Lern- und Erfahrungsraum
1.1.4.3 Peers und ihr Risikopotential für die Persönlichkeitsentwicklung
1.2 Entstehung von sozialen Rangordnungen in Schulklassen
1.2.1 Schulische Peer-Beziehungen als Mehrebenen-Konzept
1.2.2 Der bezugsgruppentheoretische Rahmen und die Theorie sozialer Vergleichsprozesse
1.2.3 Soziale Referenzierungsprozesse
1.2.4 Formelles vs. informelles Werte- und Normensystem und die Bedeutung für die Beliebtheit in der Klasse
1.2.5 Die zentralen Dimensionen: Einfluss und Sympathie
1.2.6 Einflussreiche Peers als Normgeber und Sympathieträger?
1.2.7 Der Schulübergang und seine sozialen Herausforderungen
1.2.8 Zusammenfassung: Theoretisches Rahmenmodell zur Erklärung von Einfluss und Sympathie und Möglichkeit der empirischen Messung beider Dimensionen
1.3 Peers im Spiegel der Forschung
1.3.1 Allgemein: Überblick über die Peer-Forschung
1.3.2 Konkret: Soziometrischer Status und ausgewählte Kontextfaktoren
2 Schulische Leistungen
2.1 Leistung – eine begriffliche Annäherung für den Kontext Schule
2.2 Schulische Leistungen im Rahmen der gesellschaftlichen und individuellen Funktionen des Bildungswesens
2.3 Bedingungsfaktoren schulischer Leistungen
2.3.1 Modelle schulischen Lernens
2.3.2 Sozialer und familiärer Hintergrund
2.3.3 Unterricht im Kontext von Klasse und Schule
2.3.4 Individuelle Bedingungsfaktoren
2.4 Leistungsentwicklung in differentiellen Lernumwelten
2.5 Beurteilung von schulischen Leistungen in Schule und Forschung
3 Schulversuch ERINA – Ausgangspunkt der Untersuchung
3.1 Gesamtdesign der wissenschaftlichen Begleitung des Schulversuchs ERINA
3.2 Teilstudie 1 – Entwicklung der Schülerleistungen in den ERINA-Oberschulen
3.2.1 Stichprobe
3.2.2 Variablen und Instrumente der Datenerhebung
3.2.3 Durchführung der Schülerleistungsuntersuchung
3.2.4 Datenanalyse
3.2.5 Zusammenfassung zentraler Ergebnisse aus der Schülerleistungsstudie (Teilstudie 1) der WB ERINA
3.3 Schlussfolgerung und Konsequenzen für die empirische Studie
4 Untersuchungsschwerpunkte
II. Empirischer Teil
5 Methoden und forschungstheoretische Grundlagen
5.1 Forschungsdesign
5.2 Stichprobenbeschreibung
5.2.1 Gesamtstichprobe und Panelstichprobe
5.2.2 Drop-In und Drop-Out Analyse
5.3 Instrumente der Datenerhebung
5.3.1 Klassen-Kompass (KK-1) als zentrales Instrument der Untersuchung
5.3.2 Weitere Instrumente der Datenerhebung und ihre statistischen Kennwerte
5.4 Durchführung der Untersuchung
5.5 Datenanalyse
5.5.1 Umgang mit fehlenden Werten
5.5.2 Konstruktion der Einfluss- und Sympathiekategorien
5.5.3 Deskriptive und inferenzstatistische (Vor-)Analysen
5.5.4 Strukturgleichungsanalysen
6 Ergebnisse
6.1 (Vor-)Analyse: Ergebnisse der Einfluss- und Sympathiewerte sowie der lernleistungsrelevanten Variablen im Quer- und Längsschnitt
6.1.1 Einfluss (KK-1)
6.1.2 Sympathie (KK-1)
6.1.3 Kombinierte Betrachtung der Einfluss- und Sympathiewerte
6.1.4 Leseleistungen (SLS 5-8)
6.1.5 Rechtschreibleistungen (HSP 5-10B)
6.1.6 Mathematikleistungen (DEMAT5+, DEMAT6+, KRW)
6.1.7 Schulisches Selbstkonzept (SESSKO)
6.1.8 Lern- und Leistungsmotivation (SELLMO)
6.2 Die Cross-Lagged-Panel-Analyse: Der soziometrische Status im Kontext der Lernleistungen und lern- und leistungsbezogenen Einstellungen
6.2.1 Das grundlegende Modell: Einfluss und Sympathie
6.2.2 Einfluss, Sympathie und Leseleistung
6.2.3 Einfluss, Sympathie und Rechtschreibleistung
6.2.4 Einfluss, Sympathie und Mathematikleistung
6.2.5 Einfluss, Sympathie und schulisches Selbstkonzept
6.2.6 Einfluss, Sympathie und Lern- und Leistungsmotivation
7 Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung
7.1 Zusammenfassung und Ergebnisdiskussion
7.1.1 Einfluss- und Sympathiestatus sowie lernleistungsrelevante Variablen von Oberschülerinnen und -schülern im Querschnitt
7.1.2 Einfluss- und Sympathiestatus sowie lernleistungsrelevante Variablen von Oberschülerinnen und -schülern im Längsschnitt
7.1.3 Verlaufstypen der Entwicklung des soziometrischen Status von Klassenstufe 5 bis 8
7.1.4 Der Einfluss- und Sympathiestatus im Kontext schulischer Leistungen und lern- und leistungsbezogener Einstellungen
7.1.4.1 Zusammenhangsmuster zwischen Einfluss und Sympathie
7.1.4.2 Zusammenhangsmuster zwischen Einfluss, Sympathie und schulischen Leistungen
7.1.4.3 Zusammenhangsmuster zwischen Einfluss, Sympathie und schulischem Selbstkonzept
7.1.4.4 Zusammenhangsmuster zwischen Einfluss, Sympathie und der Lern- und Leistungsmotivation
7.1.4.5 Zusammenfassende Interpretation: Einfluss, Sympathie, schulische Leistungen, lern- und leistungsbezogenen Einstellungen
7.2 Limitationen der Studie und Forschungsausblick
7.2.1 Stichprobe
7.2.2 Erhebungsinstrumente
7.2.3 Datenerhebung
7.2.4 Datenanalyse
7.2.5 Empfehlungen für Folgeuntersuchungen und weitere Forschungsperspektiven
7.3 Implikationen und Handlungsempfehlungen
7.4 Fazit
Literaturverzeichnis
Anhang
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At first blush : the impact of shyness on early adolescents' social worldsBesic, Nejra January 2009 (has links)
Shyness as a behavioral characteristic has been in focus of research in psychology for a number of decades. Adolescent shyness has, however, been relatively overlooked compared with studies conducted on children and adults. This dissertation concentrated on adolescent shyness, aiming to attain a better comprehension about how shyness during this developmental phase might affect, and be affected by social relationships. The first aim of this dissertation was to study in which way shyness influences and is influenced by significant people in adolescents’ lives: peers, friends, and parents. Study III showed that shy youths socialized each other over time into becoming even more shy. Study VI demonstrated that youths’ shyness affected parenting behaviors, more so than parent’s behaviors affected youth shyness. The second aim of this dissertation was to investigate what shyness means for adolescents’ choices of relationships with friends, whereas the third aim focused on whether adolescents’ ways of dealing with peers would have consequences for their internal and external adjustment. As Study I showed, youths might take on off-putting, startling appearances in order to cope with their shyness. This strategy seemed, nonetheless, not particularly successful for the shy youths in terms of emotional adjustment. Study III showed that adolescents who were shy tended to choose others similar to themselves in shyness as friends. Study II showed that shyness might indeed have some positive implications for adolescent development, as it was found to serve a protective role in the link between advanced maturity and various types of problem behaviors. Overall, the findings point to some gender differences regarding all of the abovementioned processes. In sum then, the studies in this dissertation show that even though youths’ shy, socially fearful characteristics affect their emotional adjustment and those around them, shy youths are part of a larger social arena where they are active agents in shaping their own development. Although adolescent shyness might be linked with several negative outcomes, however, it might be other people’s reactions to socially fearful behaviors that help create and/or maintain these outcomes over time.
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