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The Republic of China (ROC) has faced severe foreign policy challenges since its relocation from mainland China to Taiwan, and it has had to modify its position several times as its environment has changed. Its foreign policy since 1949 has gone through three distinct phases of development. A series of diplomatic adversities befell the ROC following its defeat in the United Nations in 1971, which presented the nation with an unprecedented challenge to its survival. These calamitous events for the ROC presented it with a frightening identity crisis: it was isolated in the international community and had become a "pariah" state. This case study examines and analyzes the various changes in the ROC's foreign policy behavior and attempts to determine what has influenced or induced changes in its foreign policy.

Thesis (M. A. (African Languages)) -- University of Limpopo, 2004 / Refer to document

捷克共和國(以下簡稱捷克)與中華人民共和國(以下簡稱中國)之間的外交與經濟關係有著悠久的傳統和深層的複雜性。1989年捷克與中國首次有獨立政策。到目前為止，Václav Havel與Václav Klaus 兩個總統都有機會影響中捷的關係。如何獲取中國的青睞並在神話般的中國市場佔有一席之地, 他們所用的方法基本上是不同的。 Havel總統在行使他的外交政策時,從來沒有停止強調人權與其他敏感的話題。相反地,他繼任者Klaus總統採取更務實的方法去安撫中以減少貿易迷差以及幫助捷克出國到中國。 此論文的主要重點是在探討兩種不同的方法如何影響捷克在中國企業的經濟成功以及中捷之間的綜合關係。此論文也會觸及中捷之間外交與經濟兩方面的交互影響，期望舆誤解。 / The diplomatic and economic relations between the Czech Republic (CZ) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) have a long tradition and a deep level of complexity. In 1989, the CZ had the first chance to conduct its independent foreign policy towards the PRC. So far, two presidents, Václav Havel and Václav Klaus, had the opportunity to influence the relations between the CZ and the PRC. Their approaches of how to gain the PRC's favor and cut off its share of the mythical Chinese market were fundamentally different. The first president Havel in his conduct of foreign policy never ceased to stress human rights and other sensitive topics. In contrast, his successor Vávlav Klaus chose a more pragmatic approach of appeasing the PRC in order to decrease the trade deficit and help Czech export in the PRC. How these two different approaches influenced the economic success of Czech firms in the PRC and the relations generally, will be the main focus of my thesis. Questions of the relations between the economic and diplomatic sphere as well as features and misconceptions regarding the relations will be addressed as well.

This multi methods research, which is combined both of quantitative and qualitative methods, is about Public Service Announcement (PSA). This study is aimed to find out if something changes in behavior of people and their attitude to social problem in Russia by an impact of PSA and to understand whereby PSA impacts on changes in behavior of people and rise of attention to social problem in Russia. In order to achieve thesis aims, various types of data presented in this research: a survey of   50 people from different age and sex groups and interviews with a workers of two social organizations. To analyze a data, it were used a univariate and bivariate analysis for quantitative data. Analysis of qualitative data is done in a phenomenological way. According to the results, PSA performs its tasks, something it’s changed in people by impact of PSA, people of all ages noted an  influence of PSA on them, they get to know about social problem, begin to think about or changed their behavior, begun to work as volunteers, made a donation. By all this aspects as emotion, feeling, sensation, design, PSA impact on changes in behavior of people and rise of attention to social problem in Russia.  PSA impacts across effective psychological mechanism such as an emotional sphere of personality. Psychological aspects can be divided into cognitive and emotional. Emotion is one of the key factors of the PSAs. It is established that emotional memory is much stronger than other types of memory, affects human behavior. Cognitive component is related to how advertising information is perceived by people. All elements like an illustration, title, text, logo, layout and general features of the image determine the overall effect of advertising. PSA is a display of goodwill of society, its principled position on socially significant values. Social advertising can and should be considered as a mode of operation of social services.

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Summary First, the modern war is from land, the level way linked in sea even changes into the land , sea , empty , space , electromagnetic , sextuple integrative linking fighting completely of network to the land , sea , empty traditional three-dimensional space, so the modern war trend will be developed in small-scale , Hi-Tech , high-tech direction, make modern war too , march toward all-weather , omni-directional , the whole three-dimensional fight form of depth, also stating the modern war, only fought bravely by the single army , arm isolated force, it is difficult to give play to maximum fight ability in the modern war, it is more unable to finish the task alone. Second, China is strengthening the scientific and technological construction of the army with all strength at present, put cross-centennial building up the Army especially in sea , air force and the Second Artillery Force army too, Chinese ground force is it arrive to realize deeply, have a million ground force of army very much difficult to go on the comprehensive reform, fighting capacity of the fast reaction that so take the route of picked troops , strong chemical combination and become and organize into groups , progress greatly, ability with peak speed , drive ground force overall modernized development, except in accordance with is it reduce troops to plan, the proportion of technical arms will increase by a wide margin , in order to formate fighting as the eyes , will change the structure of relying mainly on infantry , increase special technical soldier's proportion, the future thrust of every arm: (1) The infantry faces and develops toward ' mechanized , motorization '. (2) ' the great artilleryman's doctrine ' principle of artilleryman's basis, carry on artilleryman's adjustment. (3) The armoured force develops to ' fast reserve and strength of assaulting strongly ', and it is new-type to research and develop the third generation of changing the outfit actively Combat tank. ¡]90¢º¡B85¢»¡^ (4) The orientation of air and land troop ' melts three-dimensionally ' is developed. (5) The electronic countermeasure army, for the soft main force that wounds in the future. (6) Air defence towards long-range to attack, accurate guidance, with make empty direction develop. Third, the Chinese ground force , in order to should win the policy guidance that high technology make the local war , put the weaponry developing focus the development to the Hi-Tech weapon, and will progress greatly the goal will be filled in proper order , choosing the focal point investment, such as having priority to research and develop making by oneself , purchase the land boat , equips armouredly , operational training and commanding controlling the automated system etc., exactly build and set about from some fighting capacity, depend on the state of the funds again , expand quality and quantity progressively , and the Chinese ground force is in the system of reconnoitering three-dimensionally at present, guidance weapon system, flexible to fight year platform, electronic countermeasure system , automatic command system ,etc. professional technique of respect and complete network fought to formate it has to be already progress to no small extent. Fourth, the Chinese ground force trains the focal point to place on basing on the existing equipment at the present stage, promote whole fighting capacity in an all-round way, does not promote the campaign , tactical training ,etc. with the performing and training of the level, though the weaponry of the ground force is unable to promote by a wide margin shortly, train the policy , it is towards the modernization , Hi-Tech , and the direction of locking the mode of operation in the future is stridden forward, and the local war requires , strengthen cooperation , fast reaction , information confronting with each other , ensuring and field operations survival ability synthetically of the army ,etc. in an all-round way according to the high-tech condition, and regard jointly training as the centre , fight , land and resist and land and fight , launch air raids to fight with anti-air warfare flexibly and strike back and fight etc. to perform and train in the bordering in a more cost-effective manner, by Hi-Tech study of knowledge , make military training scientific process, in order to improve to fight ability while being whole ground troops in an all-round way. There are total about 200,000 persons of troops against the army now in fifth, Chinese ground force, if with the high-tech local war view, 200,000 crack fighting capacity is absorbed rapidly, satisfy the conduct , even war win and defeat to the task, will exert an absolute influence. The ' fist ' army, except that principle finish exactly building in accordance with ' flexible to take, automation, digitisation ', and is arranged the land boat helicopter successively , one can develop in the direction of melting three-dimensionally . If can be lasting focal point is changed the outfit and exactly built, over the next 10-15 years, its fighting capacity can reach ' the level of the western mechanized troop ' .

Study on Service Quality of and Users¡¦ Satisfaction with Nursing Homes for the Aged ¡V Old People¡¦s Apartments in Kaohsiung County Abstract Raising children as insurance against the insecurity of old age has been a deep-rooted concept of the Chinese people. Traditionally, care and nursing of the aged are mostly done in families. However, with the change of social and life styles, as well as the reduction of fertility rate, such kind of concept has been put to a severe test now. In the early stage, a nursing home was mainly the shelter for homeless, solitary and poor old people. The concept of social welfare still remains in the stage of providing relief. Therefore, the old people who lived in the nursing homes were labeled as poor. Besides, ¡§the standard, contents and methods of service provided by the nursing homes also make the general people to halt in hesitation.¡¨ In fact, in addition to physiological satisfaction, the aged will also pursue the psychological satisfaction, i.e., a living worthy of human dignity, at their old age. This is right the ultimate goal to promote the business of nursing homes. Owing to the increasing demand for care and nursing of the aged, the government also encourages the establishment of private nursing organizations for the aged. Hence, the fee-for-service private nursing organizations of ¡§service¡¨ nature emerge gradually, apart from the government-supported nursing organizations of ¡§relief¡¨ nature. The old people who live in such an organization become ¡§welfare consumers¡¨. In Kaohsiung County, the old people¡¦s apartments are run in a fee-for-service mode under the sponsorship of the government, but they have to be responsible for the profit and loss of the apartments by themselves. The purpose of this study is to know the service quality of nursing homes at present and the old people¡¦s satisfaction with the service they received. (1) To understand the service quality of the nursing homes in order to provide a basis of their management for the government. (2) To understand the users¡¦ satisfaction with nursing homes in order to meet the demands of the aged. (3) To discuss the relationship between service quality of the nursing homes and the user¡¦s satisfaction.

Thesis--M. Phil., University of Hong Kong, 1982.