• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 11
  • 3
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 17
  • 12
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 2
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Influência da relação carbono/nitrogênio e da fonte de carbono no processo de nitrificação desnitrificação simultânea em reator de leito estruturado / Influence of COD/N ratio and carbon source on the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a structured-bed reactor

Carla Eloísa Diniz dos Santos 25 March 2014 (has links)
Este trabalho buscou avaliar a influência da relação C/N e da fonte de carbono no processo de nitrificação e desnitrificação simultâneas em reator de fluxo contínuo e leito fixo estruturado. Foi utilizado um reator vertical de acrílico, com volume total de 11,0 L e volume útil de 5,5 L, com hastes cilíndricas verticais de espuma de poliuretano como suporte para a biomassa. O sistema foi operado com TDH de 11,2±0,6 horas, aeração intermitente (2 horas com aeração e 1 hora sem aeração) e razão de recirculação de efluente igual a 5. A carga carbonácea afluente foi mantida constante (1,07 kg DQO.m-3.dia-1), ao longo de todo o período experimental, sendo as relações C/N testadas (9,7±1; 7,6±1; 2,9±1 e 2,9±0,4) obtidas a partir da variação na carga nitrogenada aplicada. Duas fontes orgânicas foram avaliadas: sacarose e peptona de carne. A eficiência média de remoção de DQO manteve-se acima de 90%. A eficiência máxima de remoção de N-total (84,6±10,1%) foi obtida para relação C/N de 2,9±1, com concentrações efluentes médias de NTK e N-NH4 de 5,9 e 4,3 mg.L-1, respectivamente. A análise estatística da eficiência de remoção de N-total confirmou que a fonte de carbono não exerceu influência sobre os processos de remoção. A obtenção de eficiências de desnitrificação superiores às calculadas estequiometricamente, em função da fonte de carbono, indicou a ocorrência de possíveis vias complementares para remoção de nitrogênio, como o processo anammox. As velocidades de nitrificação e desnitrificação obtidas nos ensaios cinéticos foram similares para as duas fontes de carbono e para as relações C/N estudadas e da mesma ordem de grandeza das apresentadas na literatura, reforçando a ideia de que a configuração de reator utilizada, aliada às adequadas condições operacionais, permitiu a remoção concomitante de matéria carbonácea e nitrogenada. / This study aimed to evaluate the influence of COD/N ratio and organic source on the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) in an up-flow structured-bed reactor. The reactor was made of acrylic with a total volume of 11 L and a working volume of 5.5 L and filled with cylinders of polyurethane foam as support for biomass growth. The system was continuously operated with an HRT of 11.2±0.6 h, intermittent aeration (2h with aeration and 1h without aerationd) and a liquid recycle ratio equal to 5. The organic load rate was constant (1.07 kg COD.m-3d-1) during the entire experiment. The COD/N ratios (9.7±1; 7.6±1; 2.9±1 and 2.9±0,4) were obtained from the variation of nitrogen load rate. Two organic sources were evaluated: sucrose and meat peptone. The average COD removal efficiency was above 90%. The maximum total nitrogen removal efficiency was 84.6±10.1%, with average TKN and NH4+-N effluent concentrations of 5.9 and 4.3 mg.L-1, respectively. Statistical analysis of total nitrogen removal efficiency confirmed that the carbon source did not influence over the removal processes. The denitrification efficiencies higher than the stoichiometrically calculated in function of the carbon source, indicated the occurrence of possible paths for nitrogen removal of nitrogen as anammox process. The nitrification and denitrification rates obtained in kinetic experiments were similar for the two sources of carbon and all C/N ratio studied at the same order of magnitude in relation to those reported in the literature, enhancing that the reactor configuration tested combined with the proper operational conditions allowed the organic matter and nitrogen removal simultaneously.
12

Avaliação dos efeitos de peptonas vegetais como substituto do soro fetal bovino em cultura de células-tronco da polpa dentária de dentes decíduos humanos

Trevizani, Marizia 22 February 2017 (has links)
Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-21T13:39:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 mariziatrevizani.pdf: 1220027 bytes, checksum: 70abc77309c910bd7507cd8ebeed0526 (MD5) / Rejected by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br), reason: on 2017-08-24T11:31:11Z (GMT) / Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-24T15:20:42Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-30T14:33:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-30T14:33:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A evolução das técnicas de cultura de células levaram à necessidade de eliminar componentes de origem animal, de modo a evitar a contaminação bacteriana, viral ou priônica. As células-tronco da polpa dentária são células-tronco multipotentes que apresentam alta plasticidade, sendo capazes de se diferenciar em linhagens osteogênica, adipogênica e condrogênica. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo testar a utilização de peptonas vegetais (ervilha, trigo e soja) nas concentrações de 0,5%; 1% e 5% como possíveis substitutos para 10% de soro bovino fetal (SFB) em cultura de CTs. A proliferação celular foi avaliada pelo método de MTT analisado em espectrofotómetro (VarioSkan). Realizou-se a diferenciação osteogênica e empregou-se a coloração Vermelho de Alizarina para testar o suporte de diferenciação. Medimos a concentração de deposição de cálcio ressuspendendo o conteúdo de Vermelho de Alizarina em solução alcoólica e analisando espectrofotometricamente. O ensaio de MTT e ensaios de diferenciação osteogênica permitiram concluir que a peptona de trigo a 1% foi a mais eficiente nas condições empregadas. A concentração de 5% de todas as peptonas utilizadas foi tóxica. Ao analisar os aminogramas das três peptonas, foi possível inferir que a maior eficiência da peptona de trigo pode estar relacionada à maior proporção de prolina e ácido glutâmico. / The evolution of cell culture techniques led to the necessity of eliminating components with animal origin, in order to prevent bacterial, viral or prionic contamination. Deciduous teeth dental pulp stem cells are multi potent stem cells which present high plasticity, being able to differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages. The present work aims at testing the utilization of vegetal peptones (pea, wheat and soy) at the concentrations 0.5%; 1%, and 5% as possible substitutes for 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) in SCs culture. Cell proliferation was assayed by the MTT method analyzed on spectrophotometer (VarioSkan). We performed osteogenic differentiation and employed Alizarin Red staining in order to test the differentiation support. We measured the concentration of calcium deposition by ressuspending the alizarin red content in alcoholic solution and by analyzing spectrophotometrically. MTT and osteogenic differentiation essays allowed to conclude that wheat peptone at 1% was the most efficient in the conditions employed. The concentration of 5% of all the peptones utilized was toxic. Upon analyzing the aminograms of the three peptones, it was possible to infer that the higher efficiency of wheat peptone may relate to the greater proportion of proline and glutamic acid.
13

Obtenção de hidrolisados proteicos de tilápia vermelha (Oreochromis niloticus var.), atividade antioxidante e eficiência como fonte suplementar de nitrogênio para bioprocessos / Production of red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus var.) protein hydrolyzates and evaluation of their antioxidant activity and efficiency as a supplementary source of nitrogen for bioprocesses

Elizângela Falcão do Vale Nepomuceno 12 July 2018 (has links)
Os resíduos de pescado são descartados, em sua maioria, gerando um alto impacto ao ambiente; ou subutilizados em co-produtos de baixo valor agregado. O presente estudo objetivou a obtenção de hidrolisados proteicos a partir de resíduos sólidos oriundos do processamento industrial de tilápia vermelha (Oreochromis niloticus var.), avaliando sua capacidade antioxidante e eficiência como fonte suplementar de nitrogênio para o crescimento de bactérias e leveduras. Um total de 30 carcaças inteiras não evisceradas, sem filé e pele, com peso médio de 741,53g, foram mecanicamente homogeneizadas. A composição centesimal apresentou 54,34±0,31g/100 g de umidade, 8,46±0,72 g/100 g de cinza, 27,03±2,94 g/100 g de proteína e 10,17±0,65 g/100 g de lipídeos, assim como a carga microbiana do homogeneizado estava dentro dos limites de tolerância preconizados pela legislação vigente para consumo humano. Foram otimizadas as condições de hidrólise proteica quanto à concentração de substrato, enzima e tempo de hidrólise, dos resíduos sólidos de tilápia vermelha, resultando na obtenção de modelos preditivos para o grau de hidrólise (GH) produzido tanto pelas enzimas endógenas como pelas enzimas comerciais neutrase e papaína. OGH diminuiu significativamente (p < 0,05) com o incremento da concentração de substrato, exceto na hidrólise produzida pelas enzimas endógenas sob condições ótimas para papaína. Não obstante, o GH produzido pelas enzimas endógenas aumentou significativamente (p < 0,05) com o incremento do tempo de hidrólise, enquanto que o incremento na concentração de papaína também aumentou significativamente (p <0,05) o GH nos resíduos. Rendimento de 80,95 ± 3,12%, e GH de 45,33 % foram alcançados sob condições ótimas para neutrase (22 g substrato/100 mL e 0,277 g enzima/100 g proteína durante 3 min), enquanto que a papaína teve um rendimento de 82 ± 2,21% e GH de 42,37% sob condições ótimas (18,5 g substrato/100 mL e 0,570 g enzima/100 g proteína durante 3 min). As peptonas produzidas apresentaram atividade antioxidante quanto à capacidade de sequestro dos radicais livres ABTS e DPPH, sendo esta incrementada significativamente (p < 0,05) com o aumento da concentração de peptona. As peptonas também foram altamente eficientes para o crescimento das bactérias Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes e Staphylococcus aureus, e para a levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae, sendo similares ou mesmo superiores quando comparadas às três peptonas comerciais. Os resultados obtidos no presente trabalho demonstraram, portanto, que os hidrolisados proteicos obtidos a partir de resíduos sólidos de tilápia vermelha podem ser uma fonte alternativa de antioxidantes e de nitrogênio para crescimento de microrganismos. / Fish wastes are mostly discarded in Brazil, causing a high environmental impact, or underused in low-valuable coproducts. The present study aimed to obtain protein hydrolysates from solid wastes of red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus var.), evaluating their antioxidant activity as well as their efficiency as supplemental source of nitrogen for the growth of bacteria and yeasts. Thirty carcasses with viscera of red tilapia (i.e. tilapia without fillet and skin), with an average weight of 741.53 g, were mechanically homogenized. Proximate composition and microbial quality were determined, containing 54.34±0,31g/100 g of moisture, of ash, 27.03±2,94 g/100 g of protein and 10.17±0,65 g/100 g of lipids, as well as microbial levels in concordance with the legal limits in force. Conditions for the proteolysis of solid wastes of red tilapia (concentration of substrate, concentration of enzyme and time of hydrolysis) were optimized. Predictive models for the degree of hydrolysis (DH) generated by both endogen enzymes and thecommercial enzymes neutrase and papain were obtained. DH decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with the increase of the concentration of substrate, except in the hydrolysis caused by the endogen enzymes under optimal conditions for papain. However, DH produced by the endogen enzymes increased significantly (p < 0.05) with the increment of the time of hydrolysis. Meanwhile, DH increase significantly (p < 0.05) with the increase of the concentration of papain. A yield of 80.95 ± 3.12% and a DH of 45.33 % were achieved under optimized conditions for neutrase (i.e. 22 g substrate/100 mL and 0.277 g enzyme/100 g protein for 3 min). Moreover, proteolysis with papain reached a yield of 82 ± 2.21% and a DH of 42.37% under optimized conditions (i.e. 18.5 g substrate/100 mL and 0.570 g enzyme/100 g protein for 3 min). Obtained peptones showed antioxidant activity in terms of inhibition of free radicals of ABTS and DPPH, being increased significantly (p < 0.05) with the increment of the concentration of peptone. Peptones also had a high efficiency for the growth of Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, being comparatively similar or higher than commercial peptones. Therefore, results obtained in the present study demonstrated that protein hydrolysates from solid wastes of red tilapia could be an alternative source of antioxidants and nitrogen for the use in bioprocess.
14

Investigation of New Forward Osmosis Draw Agents and Prioritization of Recent Developments of Draw Agents Using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis

Yu, Jodie Wei 01 June 2020 (has links) (PDF)
Forward osmosis (FO) is an emerging technology for water treatment due to their ability to draw freshwater using an osmotic pressure gradient across a semi-permeable membrane. However, the lack of draw agents that could both produce reasonable flux and be separated from the draw solution at a low cost stand in the way of widespread implementation. This study had two objectives: evaluate the performance of three materials — peptone, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) — as potential draw agents, and to use multi-criteria decision matrices to systematically prioritize known draw agents from literature for research investigation. Peptone showed water flux and reverse solute flux values comparable to other organic draw agents. CMC’s high viscosity made it impractical to use and is not recommended as a draw agent. Fe3O4 NPs showed average low fluxes (e.g., 2.14 LMH) but discrete occurrences of high flux values (e.g., 14 LMH) were observed during FO tests. This result indicates that these nanoparticles have potential as draw agents but further work is needed to optimize the characteristics of the nanoparticle suspension. Separation of the nanoparticles from the product water using coagulation was shown to be theoretically possible if only electrostatic and van der Waals forces are taken into account, not steric repulsion. If coagulation is to be considered for separation, research efforts on development of nanoparticle suspensions as FO draw agents should focus on development of electrostatically stabilized nanoparticles. A combination of Fe3O4 NP and peptone showed a higher flux than Fe3O4 NPs alone, but did not produce additive or synergistic flux. This warrants further research to investigate more combinations of draw agents to achieve higher flux than that obtained by individual draw agents. Potential draw agents were prioritized by conducting a literature review of draw agents, extracting data on evaluation criteria for draw agents developed over the past five years, using these data to rank the draw agents using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solutions (TOPSIS). The evaluation criteria used in the ranking matrices were water flux, reverse solute flux, replenishment cost, regeneration cost, and regeneration efficacy. The results showed that the top five ranked draw agents were P-2SO3-2Na, TPHMP-Na, PEI-600P-Na, NaCl, and NH4-CO2. The impact of the assumption made during the multi-criteria decision analysis process was evaluated through sensitivity analyses altering criterion weighting and including more criteria. This ranking system provided recommendations for future research and development on draw agents by highlighting research gaps.
15

Optimising His-tags for purification and phasing / Optimierte His-tags für Aufreinigung und Phasierung

Groβe, Christian 05 October 2010 (has links)
No description available.
16

Isolation and Identification of Foodborne Pathogens of Special Interest in Food Safety

Boukharouba, Aya 13 May 2022 (has links)
[ES] La seguridad alimentaria es una prioridad para la población y en la actualidad cobra mayor importancia por ciertas tendencias alimentarias como el consumo de alimentos crudos y la distribución generalizada de alimentos orgánicos, que pueden ser la causa de enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos. Para garantizar la seguridad alimentaria, la detección de estos microorganismos debe realizarse de manera rápida y eficiente. Par eso, el método de cultivo microbiológico se considera el oficial para la detección de estos patógenos. Sin embargo, adolece de importantes inconvenientes, ya que no solo requiere mucho tiempo, sino que también es laborioso y consume muchos recursos. Además, puede ser limitado con respecto a la detección de bacterias fisiológicamente alteradas y/o estresadas durante el almacenamiento y la conservación. En este trabajo se ha desarrollado un protocolo sencillo y rápido para la detección simultánea de E. coli, L. monocytogenes, S. aureus y S. enterica en alimentos, mediante la combinación de una etapa de co-cultivo en medio líquido y la detección por PCR múltiple. Se ha evaluado la eficiencia de varios medios de enriquecimiento y se seleccionó el agua de peptona tamponada como el medio óptimo para el co-cultivo de las cuatro bacterias diana. También se optimizaron las condiciones de PCR múltiple y se aplicaron tanto a co-cultivos como a muestras de alimentos inoculados artificialmente, lechuga orgánica y carne picada. Después de la optimización, la PCR múltiple desarrollada fue capaz de detectar las cuatro bacterias simultáneamente, hasta con una inoculación inicial de 10^0 UFC/mL. En presencia de ambas matrices alimentarias inoculadas, tras la etapa de co-cultivo, la PCR múltiple pudo detectar simultáneamente las 3 bacterias E. coli, S. enterica y L. monocytogenes, mientras que S. aureus se ha detectado por PCR simplex, a partir del mismo extracto de ADN del co-cultivo. Los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que el uso de un paso de co-cultivo en Agua peptona tamponada, antes de la detección por PCR simple y múltiple, puede facilitar la detección simultánea de las cuatro bacterias potencialmente presentes en las matrices alimentarias. La presencia o ausencia de la bacteria diana en los alimentos se confirma en unas 30 horas, lo que reduce el tiempo requerido para la detección en comparación con el tiempo mínimo de 7 días por método cultural. Asimismo, permite reducir el número de medios de cultivo y reactivos, para el aislamiento e identificación de bacterias que no son detectadas por PCR y que no están presentes en las matrices alimentarias, lo que supone un importante ahorro económico. / [CA] La seguretat alimentària sempre és una prioritat per a la població i en l' actualitat cobra major importància per certes tendències alimentàries, com el consum d' aliments crus i la distribució generalitzada d' aliments orgànics, que poden ser la causa de malalties transmeses per aliments. Per garantir la seguretat alimentària, la detecció d' aquests microorganismes s' ha de realitzar de manera ràpida i eficient. Per a això, el mètode de cultiu microbiològic es considera l' oficial per a la detecció d' aquests patògens. Però, hi ha importants inconvenients, ja que no només requereix més temps, sinó que també és laboriós i consumeix molts recursos. A més, pot ser limitat pel que fa a la detecció de bacteris fisiològicament alterats i/o estressats durant l'emmagatzematge i la conservació. En aquest treball s'ha desenvolupat un protocol senzill i ràpid per a la detecció simultània d' E. coli, L. monocytogenes, S. aureus i S. enterica en aliments, mitjançant la combinació d' una etapa de co-cultiu en medi líquid i la detecció per PCR múltiple. S'ha avaluat l'eficiència de diversos mitjans d'enriquiment i s'ha seleccionat l'aigua de peptona tamponada com el medi òptim per al co-cultiu dels quatre bacteris diana. També es van optimitzar les condicions de PCR múltiple i es van aplicar tant a co-cultius com a mostres d'aliments inoculats artificialment, enciam orgànic i carn picada. Després de l'optimització, la PCR múltiple desenvolupada va ser capaç de detectar els quatre bacteris simultàniament, fins a una inoculació inicial de 10^0 UFC/mL. En presència d' ambdues matrius alimentàries inoculades, després l' etapa de co-cultiu, la PCR múltiple va poder detectar simultàniament els 3 bacteris: E. coli, S. enterica i L. monocytogenes, mentre que S. aureus s' ha detectat per PCR simple, a partir del mateix extracte d' ADN del co-cultiu. Els resultats obtinguts permeten concloure que l' ús d' un pas de co-cultiu en Aigua de peptona tamponada, abans de la detecció per PCR simple i múltiple, pot facilitar la detecció simultània dels quatre bacteris potencialment presents en les matrius alimentàries. La presència o absència del bacteri diana en els aliments es confirma en unes 30 hores, la qual cosa redueix el temps requerit per a la detecció en comparació amb el temps mínim de 7 dies per mètode cultural. Així mateix, permet reduir el nombre de mitjans de cultiu i reactius, per a l' aïllament i identificació de bacteris que no són detectats per PCR i que no estan presents en les matrius alimentàries, la qual cosa suposa un important estalvi econòmic. / [EN] Food safety is a priority for the population and is nowadays more important than ever due to certain dietary trends such as the consumption of raw foods and the widespread distribution of organic foods, which may be the cause of foodborne diseases. To ensure food safety, the detection of these microorganisms must be done quickly and efficiently. Although, the microbiological culture method is considered to be the official method for the detection of these food-borne pathogens, it suffers from significant drawbacks, such as time-consuming, laborious and expensive, in addition it may be limited regarding the detection of physiologically altered and/or stressed bacteria, during storage and preservation. In this work has been developed a simple and rapid protocol for the simultaneous detection of E. coli, L. monocytogenes, S. aureus and S. enterica in food, by combining a liquid co-culture step and detection by multiplex PCR. The efficiency of several enrichment media was evaluated and buffered peptone water was chosen as the optimal medium for the co-culture of the four target bacteria. Then, optimized multiplex PCR conditions were applied to both the co-cultures and the samples of artificially inoculated foods, organic lettuce and ground meat. After optimization, the developed multiplex PCR was able to simultaneously detect the four bacteria, up to an initial inoculation of 10^0 CFU/mL. In the presence of the two inoculated food matrices, after a co-culture step, the multiplex PCR could simultaneously detect the 3 bacteria: E. coli, S. enterica and L. monocytogenes, whereas, S. aureus has been detected by simplex PCR, from the same co-culture DNA template. The results obtained allow conclusion that the use of a co-culture step in Buffered Peptone Water, before detection by simplex and multiplex PCR, can facilitate the simultaneous detection of the four bacteria potentially present in the food matrices. The presence or the absence of the target bacteria in food is confirmed in approximately 30 hours, which reduce the time required for the detection compared to the minimum time of 7 days by cultural method. Also, it allows to reduce the number of culture media and reagents, for the isolation and identification of bacteria that are not detected by PCR and which are not initially present in the food matrices, which represents a significant economic savings. / Boukharouba, A. (2022). Isolation and Identification of Foodborne Pathogens of Special Interest in Food Safety [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/182828
17

Residual density validation and the structure of Labyrinthopeptin A2 / Residualdichtevalidierung und die Struktur von Labyrinthopeptin A2

Meindl, Katharina Anna Christina 30 October 2008 (has links)
No description available.

Page generated in 0.0667 seconds