This dissertation deals with the poetry of C.S.Z. Ntuli, with specific reference to themes, diction and form. The introductory chapter deals with the aim of study, the author's biographical background, the development of modern Zulu poetry, the state of critical studies in modern Zulu poetry, the scope of study and the method of approach. Chapter 2 examines the main themes manifest in the poetry of Ntuli. Chapter 3 is devoted to diction, with particular reference to imagery, compound words, ideophones and deideophonic derivatives. Comment is also made on ways in which these amplify the theme in selected poems. Chapter 4 discusses outstanding formal features and techniques including stanza formation, refrains, alliteration, parallelism, linking and rhythm. Chapter 5 concludes the study by giving observations about the quality of Ntuli's contribution to modern Zulu poetry, and by exploring some possibilities regarding future studies on the poetry of Ntuli / African Languages / M. A. (African languages)

This thesis deals with the application of narrative approach during the therapeutic work with clients with diagnosis of emotionally labile personality or dissocial defect of personality with exposure of aggression. Theoretical part of this thesis shows the basics and resources of the systemic constructivistic psychotherapy and the narrative approach as one of the main instruments for the psychotherapeutic work. This thesis also deals with analysis of some psychological views on aggression which are usually used during the therapy.Practical part of this thesis shows the basic elements of narrative approach on case studies with usage of techniques of externalisation, personification and deconstructional harking. Usage of these techniques is condition for the change of the primary client?s story which is affected by aggression. After this turnover on the new story the client is not part of the problematic system but with help of newly discovered resources he gain the ability to perceive himself as a person who is able to eliminate the effect of the aggression as a heterogeneous element and who is able to positively influence own life.

Essa pesquisa possui como principal objetivo o estudo dos personagens de marca à luz da teoria do Vale da Estranheza, tendo em vista que personagens considerados estranhos podem influenciar a recepção (SPADONI, 2000; TINWELL, 2014). Desde a publicação seminal de Masahiro Mori em 1970, autor que propôs que robôs muito parecidos com seres humanos evocam uma reação aversiva (MORI; MACDORMAN; KAGEKI, 2012), foi demonstrado que essa reação ocorre sempre que um estímulo não pode ser categorizado como não-humano ou humano (SAYGIN et al., 2012). As implicações sobre as apropriações teóricas dessa abordagem pelo campo da comunicação são exploradas no decorrer dos dois primeiros capítulos. Para mensurar o efeito da estranheza sobre a atitude, foram utilizadas duas escalas: uma escala criada por Ho e MacDorman (2010; 2016) para mensurar a estranheza, e uma escala de atitude criada por Martin et al. (2004). Um total de 396 pessoas responderam a pesquisa online, predominando mulheres (60%), pessoas do Estado de São Paulo (58%), com Ensino Superior Completo ou mais (80%) e média de 29 anos. Foram utilizados os procedimentos de validação de escala para adaptar a escala da estranheza ao contexto brasileiro (DEVELLIS, 2003). Os resultados sugerem a existência de um modelo de estranheza bifatorial com 4 fatores. Contudo, o modelo de segunda ordem com a variável dependente não passou no teste de ajuste exato e aproximado do modelo. Entende-se que essa pesquisa faz contribuições relevantes às Ciências da Comunicação por lançar mão de uma teoria complementar às pesquisas do campo, e de uma metodologia pouco utilizada pelas pesquisas da área. / This research have as a main objective the study of brand characters in light of Uncanny Valley theory, regarding that brand characters that are considered eerie can influence reception (SPADONI, 2000; TINWELL, 2014). Since Masahiro Mori seminal article, in 1970, when the author propose that characaters who appear almost, but not exactly, like real human beings elicit feelings of eeriness and revulsion among some observers, has been show that this reaction occurs always when an stimuli cannot be categorized as human or non-human (SAYGIN et al., 2012). The theoretical implication of this approach by Communication Studies are explored in Chapter 1 and Chapter 2. To measure the uncanny effect toward attitude, two scales has been used: one developed by Ho and MacDorman (2010; 2016) to measure the uncanny, and second to measure attitude developed proposed by Martin et al. (2004). 396 participantes were recruited and answered the online survey, prevailling women (60%), people from São Paulo State (58%), people with Graduate Degree (80%) and an average of 29 years old. Procedures for scale validation has been used to adapt the Uncanny Valley scale to brazilian contexto (DEVELLIS, 2003). The results suggest that the existence of an bifactorial model of Uncanny with 4 factors. However, the second order model with an dependent variable cannot be accepted by statistical índices of exact and approximation test. It is understood that this research makes relevant contributions to the Communication Sciences by using a theory complementary to the field, also by using a methodology that has not been used by other researchs of the area.

In this study, an overview is presented regarding how the mechanics in a resource-based game, specifically Crusader Kings II (Paradox Development Studio 2012), might affect the player's connection to the characters in the game. The study introduces conventions prevalent in grand strategy games, roleplaying games as well as literature theory. Participants of the study played two different versions of a mod for Crusader Kings II (2012), and were interviewed, to find indications for how different players related to characters in the game, what mechanics they valued, and their view on the characters themselves. The conclusions that are reached in the study indicated that there are mechanics in the game that influence the player’s connection to the characters, but that it is, to a certain degree, up to the player as to what extent they are used or employed.

The aim of this dissertation was to identify and describe lexical metaphors in popular science news (PSN) from lexicogrammatical elements. Based on Systemic- Functional Linguistics we worked with the concepts of lexical metaphor, grammatical metaphor and transitivity in order to analyze lexical metaphors in 30 PSN selected from the magazines BBC News International and Scientific American (Motta-Roth, 2007). Through transitivity we observed the structures specified by each process and the meanings which are typical to them. When these meanings are built in a nonliteral or non-congruent way we have a lexical metaphor which is caused by the semantic tension between the process and its participant(s). A lexical metaphor can be a metaphor when there is a relation of similarity between the terms; a metonymy when there is a contiguity relation between terms; and a personification when terms related to inanimate things are described as having human abilities or characteristics. From our analysis we found more occurrence of metaphor, followed by the occurrence of metonymy and personification. The metaphors showed varied semantic fields although the most common ones referred to war and engineering. The most common metonymies were the kind that studies, reports and results were named instead their researchers (research by researcher) and the kind that research institutions as well as health or government institutions were named instead their responsible members (institution by responsible), depersonalizing the subjects. Most of metonymy cases were at the same time classified as personifications in which mainly researches and institutions became agents which create and spread scientific knowledge and perform varied actions related to decisions in the scientific field. Thus, lexical metaphors were widely found in our corpus, mainly in dependent projected clauses. / O objetivo desta dissertação de mestrado foi identificar e descrever metáforas lexicais em notícias de popularização da ciência (PC) a partir dos elementos da léxico-gramática. Com base na Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional, trabalhamos os conceitos de metáfora lexical, metáfora gramatical e transitividade a fim de analisarmos as metáforas lexicais em 30 notícias de PC selecionadas nas revistas BBC News International e Scientific American (Motta-Roth, 2007). Pela transitividade, observamos as estruturas especificadas por cada processo e os sentidos que lhes são pertinentes. Quando esses sentidos são construídos de modo não literal ou não congruente, temos uma metáfora lexical, que é causada pela tensão semântica existente entre processo e seu(s) participante(s). A metáfora lexical pode se configurar como uma metáfora propriamente dita, quando há relação de semelhança entre termos; em metonímia, quando há relação de contiguidade entre termos; e em personificação, quando termos referentes a seres inanimados são descritos como possuidores de habilidades ou características humanas. A partir da nossa análise, verificamos maior ocorrência de metáfora, seguida da ocorrência de metonímia e de personificação. As metáforas apresentaram campos semânticos variados, embora os mais comuns foram referentes à guerra e à engenharia. As metonímias mais frequentes foram do tipo em que estudos, relatórios e resultados foram nomeados em detrimento de seus pesquisadores (pesquisa por pesquisador) e do tipo em que instituições de pesquisa, governamentais e relacionadas à saúde foram nomeadas em detrimento de seus responsáveis (instituição pelos responsáveis), causando a despersonalização dos sujeitos. A maioria dos casos de metonímias foram, concomitantemente, classificados como personificações em que, principalmente, pesquisas em geral e instituições tornaram-se agentes criadores e propagadores do conhecimento científico e de ações variadas relacionadas a decisões no campo da ciência. Assim, metáforas lexicais foram amplamente constatadas em nosso corpus, principalmente em orações dependentes projetadas.

This diploma thesis deals with the social network Twitter as a journalistic source for printed dailies and Internet news portals in the Czech media environment. The work consists of two main parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part first briefly introduces the general influence of social networks on the form of the journalistic profession today, then attention is focused specifically on the social network Twitter and its relationship with journalists and media organizations. At the end of the theoretical part, knowledge from the use of the digital platform Twitter as a journalistic source and how this fact affects journalistic routines and procedures is analyzed, also with the ability of Twitter to strengthen the role of certain types of sources and contributes to the personalization of the media and political environment. The practical part of this work will deal with how this procedure in the use of Twitter as a source differs between traditional printed dailies and Internet news portals.

in English This work focuses on the Czech afterwar avant-garde and its fiction in the wider European context. The main goal of our writing was diversifying literary historical field by integrating genre of short story and its authors into the interpretive frame of the prepoetistic avant-garde. We could intrude a canonic picture of the Czech avant-garde by enriching the interpretive frame of the new genre (short story) and new, often hardly known or forgotten, writers. Last but not least by doing so we were able to questioned and problematized basic oppositions such as expressionism × avant-garde, and mainly individualism × collectivism. We introduce the principal opposition individualism × collectivism, which in our opinion, organizes afterwar literary discourse, as a main connecting line between Czech avant-garde art and European art (collective and one of its manifestation - crowd, as one of the main themes of modernism and avant-garde). We interpretate beyond this scope the fictions of French unanimism as the main inspiration of the Czech afterwar avan-garde and its (collective) fiction as well.

The aim of this bachelors thesis has been to examine and analyse the framing used when reporting about Boris Johnson in context with Brexit in both Swedish and British media coverage. The research questions examined in this study were: In what way is Boris Johnson framed in British and Swedish media coverage surrounding Brexit in his first three weeks as prime minister? What could explain the possible differences that occurs between the Swedish and British media coverage? I have in combination with a qualitative text analysis as well as framing theory and news valuation theory analysed material from four major news papers. Two news papers from Sweden, Dagens Nyheter and Aftonbladet. As well as two from Great Britain, The Guardian UK and The Sun UK. One of each county’s news paper focuses on qualitative and objective journalism and one from each country which can be regarded as a tabloid, evening paper, from these four news papers a total of 12 articles, three from each paper was selected. To arrive at my conclusion every article was analysed trough what frame, conflict, personification or elite person, Boris Johnson was portrayed as well as if the frames felt clear, subtle or well as if any frame could not be found in the text. Through the analysis I found the result to be that every article had personified Boris Johnson with Brexit, even if the article did not directly have a focus on the Brexit conflict. The personification is a constant backgrung trough every individual article. Secondly I found that the frames through which the newspapers portrayed conflict differed, depending from which country the news paper reported from. The Swedish news papers portrayed conflict through a broader perspective, having a stronger focus on Brexit as a concept whilst the British newspaper framed conflict in a much more detailed way. Focusing on more detailed topics with higher interest for the british population.

This is a semantic study, dealing with style and technique in the short stories of D. B. Z. Ntuli. The study as a whole analyses Ntuli' s first six volumes of short stories. The first chapter is an introduction, dealing with the aim of the study. The second sub-section after aim is Ntuli's biographical notes. Full details of this author from high school attendance to his contribution during his working experience are given. Ntuli's biography is followed by the scope of study. Under this sub-heading, short story volumes to be analysed are clearly stated. The fourth sub-heading is the method of approach and a conclusion. Chapter two deals with various types of repetition, a literary technique. It analyses Ntuli's use of language, and repetition of sentences approaching it from different angles. Chapter three and four deal with choice of words. The former chapter handles the various types of language elements semantically and the latter deals specifically with the ideophone. The ideophone is sub-divided into two sub-sections: classification and usage. Chapter five deals with proverbial expressions and these are sub-divided into two sections: idioms and proverbs. The usage of idiomatic expressions is discussed under: verbs, nouns and qualificatives, while the proverbs are analysed under classification and syntax. Imagery is dealt with in chapter six. Imagery is further sub-divided into four categories: metaphor, simile, personification and symbolism. Style and structure are discussed in chapter seven. In this chapter various elements of language forms are handled: types of sentenceidiophonic; negative forms of the ideophone, with conjunctives; sentences with adverbs; the demonstratives; titles of short story volumes and naming of characters. Chapter eight is the general conclusion, reflecting on Ntuli's style and technique with special emphasis on his unique use of the language. Reference is made to discoveries regarding the author's use of vocabulary, and his techniques in using repetition as well as avoiding it, which is part of his style. His choice of words and how he arranges them on paper is also discussed. Ntuli's choice of titles in naming his short story volumes is summed up showing that these have been influenced by his background. The study concludes by suggesting areas that still require further analysis in Ntuli 's short stories. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)

Space is a visual communicator. The act of perceiving space is a neurological soiree that projects and negotiates meaning in our constructed world. The poetry that we observe within space is tied directly to our emotions and to previous experience. Within ourselves, we each have particular feelings, unconscious or not, relating to height, length, and depth, as well as light and shadow. For example, a long, narrow hallway may elicit anxiety, while an open, sunlit nave in a cathedral may bring about feelings of serenity and joy. Our observations and interactions within the perceptual confines of space reveal clues to construction, movement, and play. Additionally, this participation unveils our awareness of space, and thus, reveals that our relationship with space exists in our acknowledgement of it—in our permitting of perception through conscious participation. To explore these ideas further, I will utilize typography to create immersive, sensory experiences that challenge interpretation through the application of human thought, or sensations, to non-living things and material states. This method will assist the observers to rationalize and create meaning within their own world through simplifying an experience in relation to self. Here, spatial language—like light, shadow, dimension, and proximity—will be exposed as a universal and innate part of our perception.