106 f. / Submitted by Ana Hilda Fonseca (anahilda@ufba.br) on 2013-04-05T13:23:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Larissa Rezende.pdf: 2690263 bytes, checksum: 4461df09facd5282efcaf6bceeddc6bd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Hilda Fonseca(anahilda@ufba.br) on 2013-05-09T13:01:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Larissa Rezende.pdf: 2690263 bytes, checksum: 4461df09facd5282efcaf6bceeddc6bd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-09T13:01:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Larissa Rezende.pdf: 2690263 bytes, checksum: 4461df09facd5282efcaf6bceeddc6bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / CNPq / Este trabalho descreve o estudo fitoquímico do extrato em acetato de etila dos frutos de Genipa americana L. e do extrato em diclorometano das sementes de Spondias mombin L., bem como a determinação do teor de fenólicos totais pelo método convencional de Folin-Ciocalteu e avaliação da atividade antioxidante, medida através dos métodos do sequestro radical livre DPPH e da auto-oxidação do sistema β-caroteno/ácido linolênico das frutas tropicais, Spondias mombin L. (cajá), Spondias purpurea L. (siriguela), Genipa americana L. (jenipapo), Manilkara achras L. (sapoti), Spondias tuberosa L. (umbu) e Myrciaria cauliflora Berg. (jabuticaba), consumidas na Bahia. Além disso, foi avaliada a concentração de fenólicos totais e atividade antioxidante de diversas partes da jabuticaba, após ser avaliado por planejamento fatorial, diferentes solventes empregados na extração dos fenólicos. Assim, a partir de sucessivos fracionamentos do extrato acetato de etila dos frutos de G. americana foram isolados a mistura de ácido cinâmico e ácido octanóico, a mistura de sitosterol e estigmasterol, além de ácido octanóico, ácido cinâmico e escopoletina. A partir do extrato em diclorometano das sementes de Spondias mombin L. foram isolados o glicerol 1,3-dioleoil-2-linoleoil, a mistura de β-sitosterol e estigmasterol, além da mistura de 1-hidroxi-3-[(Z)-10’-octadecenil]-benzeno e 1-hidroxi-3-[(Z)-10’-docosenil]-benzeno. A elucidação estrutural das substâncias isoladas foi baseada na análise de dados de espectros de Massas, dos espectros de RMN 1H e 13C e comparação com dados da literatura. O teor de compostos fenólicos expressos em miligramas equivalentes ao ácido gálico das frutas variou na faixa de 50,25 ± 4,59 a 1405,79 ± 35,97 para as polpas congeladas, e de 193,87 ± 8,32 a 5198,11 ± 410,92 para polpas liofilizadas. Foi verificado que as diferentes partes de jabuticaba (polpa, casca e suco) apresentavam elevada concentração de compostos fenólicos, sendo que o suco de jabuticaba apresentava a menor concentração de fenólicos (270,66 mg/100g). Assim, foi evidenciado a significativa atividade antioxidante da casca da jabuticaba, bem como, o fato de que todas as amostras estudadas apresentavam elevada concentração de compostos fenólicos, sendo que as polpas, congelada e liofilizada, de jabuticaba apresentavam a maior concentração de fenólicos. / Salvador

As plantas pertencentes à família das leguminosas apresentam um grande interesse econômico, sendo que o Brasil é um país com vasta utilização de plantas desta família. Neste contexto, destaca-se a leguminosa Phaseolus vulgaris L. popularmente conhecida como feijão, que contém uma boa fonte de constituintes bioativos. Espécie nativa da América Central e dos Andes peruanos possui grande importância econômica para o Brasil. Em sua composição química podemos encontrar os flavonóides. Inúmeros artigos científicos descrevem as atividades dos flavonóides como antioxidantes, antimutagêncio, anticarcinogênico e na captação de nitrogênio durante o desenvolvimento da planta. Sendo esta leguminosa um dos alimentos mais consumidos no mundo e de larga importância econômica, o presente trabalho visou avaliar o perfil cromatográfico do extrato metanólico de 47 cultivares de feijão através da técnica de Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE) e também a validação do seu método. O material vegetal, sementes, teve seu teor de umidade estabelecido pelo método gravimétrico. Através do perfil cromatográfico das sementes dos cultivares de feijão, foi possível identificar a presença de flavonóides como a astragalina, um heterosídeo do canferol. O método foi devidamente validado por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE) de acordo com os métodos preconizados na literatura. Os cultivares TB 0224, TB0226, TB 0309, Rosinha Precoce e Amarelo Iolanda, foram os que apresentaram teor maior de astragalina, demonstrando que os feijões de cor possuem maior composição de deste composto. / Plants belonging to the legume family have a big economic interest, being Brazil is a country with extensive use of plants in this family. In this context, we highlight the legume Phaseolus vulgaris L. popularly known as beans, which are a good source of bioactive compounds. This species is native of southern Brazil and the main food consumed by the population. In its chemical composition can meet the flavonoids. Numerous scientific articles describing the activities of flavonoids as antioxidants, antimutagênic, anticarcinogenic and nitrogen uptake during plant development. Since this is a legume consumed more food in the world and of great economic importance, this study sought to evaluate the chromatographic profile of the methanol extract of 47 cultivars of beans through the technique of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and also the validation of their method. The plant material, seeds, water content was established by gravimetric method. Through the chromatographic profile of the seeds of bean cultivars, it was possible to identify the presence of flavonoids and astragalin, a kaempferol heteroside. The method was validated for High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) according to the methods suggested in the literature. The cultivars with colored TB 0224, TB0226, TB 0309, Rosinha Precoce and Amarelo Iolanda, were those with a higher content of astragalin, demonstrating that colored beans have a higher composition of astragalin.

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Dominika Sobolová Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, Pharm.D., Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Pharmacokinetics of flavanols This work is focusing on summarizing available information about the fate of flavanols in the organism. It is necessary to know the pharmacokinetics to explain their biological effects. In contrast to other flavonoids, they occur in the form of aglycones in plant foods. Galoylation, polymerization and optical isomerism have an important influence on the pharmacokinetics. Partial absorption of monomers begins in the small intestine after oral ingestion. In addition to the liver, the extensive metabolic changes take place even in the enterocytes. The resulting metabolites enter the circulation or they are effluxed back into the intestinal lumen, especially in the case of (epi)catechin sulfates. Epicatechin and catechin are present almost exclusively as glucuronides, sulfates or methylated compounds in the plasma. On the contrary, free unconjugated forms prevail within the gallates. The extent of their absorption is lower. They are excreted via biliary excretion, while other catechins are quickly eliminated by the kidneys in urine. The bioavailability of the parent...

Ultraviolet –B (UV-B) radiation is an abiotic stress that has significant effects on plant growth, development, and gene regulation. Due to the depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer over the past several decades, the amount of UV-B light that is reaching the earth’s surface has significantly increased. As a result, research over the past few decades on the effects of UV-B light on plant growth, development, and the mechanisms that regulate a plant’s protection and survival against UV-B light has grown greatly. Brachypodium distachyon is a relatively new model system and one that has not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to determine the UV-B dose time required to elicit a significant increase in phenolic content, while subsequently assessing protein production to qualitatively implicate whether or not the experimental dosage of UV-B administered was initiating a UV-B specific or non-specific response. In addition, this research annotated the genes that encode the protein sequences for UVR8 and CHS proteins to see if B. distachyon possessed the necessary proteins to undergo a UV-B specific response similar to that of Arabidopsis. The results of the study show that in response to artificial UV-B light, the dose time of UV-B required to elicit a significant increase in total phenolic content is 2 hours. The data also shows an increase in total protein content after 4 hours of UV-B exposure. In addition to the metabolic data, computational analysis of chalcone synthase (CHS) and UV-RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) revealed that there are seven genes in B. distachyon that encode the protein transcripts for CHS and CHS-like proteins, and two genes that code for UVR8 proteins. The results of this study suggest that the UV-B dose regimen used in this study may be initiating the non-specific UV-B signaling pathway. In addition, the presence of UVR8 and CHS protein sequences suggest that B. distachyon has the capacity to work through the UV-B specific signaling pathway.

AQUINO, Francisco Wendel Batista de. Determinação de compostos fenólicos em extratos de Amburana cearensis (Fr. All.) A.C. Smith e em aguardentes de cana envelhecidas do Ceará. 2004. 93 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Fortaleza-CE, 2004 / Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-06-06T14:26:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2004_dwbaquino.pdf: 804397 bytes, checksum: d248b5367d483bca25455d2d78e53112 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-06-06T14:26:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2004_dwbaquino.pdf: 804397 bytes, checksum: d248b5367d483bca25455d2d78e53112 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-06T14:26:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2004_dwbaquino.pdf: 804397 bytes, checksum: d248b5367d483bca25455d2d78e53112 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / It was analyzed, by high performance liquid chromatography - HPLC, low molecular weight phenolic compounds (Gallic Acid, 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural(HMF), Furfural, Vanillic Acid, Syringc Acid, Vanillin, Syringaldehyde, Coniferaldehyde, Sinapaldehyde and Coumarin) in aged cachaças (sugar cane spirits), originated of all the producing regions of the Ceará State and in extracts of Amburana cearensis (Fr. All.) A. C. Smith. The objective it was stablished the profile of these compounds in the cachaça from Ceará and also investigated the potential of the extracts of Amburana as source of these analytes in cachaça on the aging period. The validation of the analytic methodology, based on procedures used for the analysis of these substances in different aging beverages, it constituted the initial point of this work. Soon after, the comparison of the phenolics content was contemplated in extracts of Amburana in relation to the oak and Balm. In a third moment, they were researched routines for optimize the gain in the extracts of Amburana and, finally, they took place analyses in aged cachaças. The found values were compared with aged commercial cachaças of great acceptance by the consumers. In relation to the analytic method, the reached results demonstrated the conformity of the methodology before all the necessary parameters so that the analytic procedure obtained the status of Validated Method. The variations, and the new stages proposed for the most usual procedures to obtaining of woods extracts, they presented satisfactory results and the profile, so much qualitative as quantitative, obtained for the low molecular weight phenolic compounds for the cachaça from Ceará, it was revealed compatible with the most popular commercial cachaças, leaders in sales in the States of Ceará, Pernambuco and still with the more another one originated of state of Minas Gerais and distributed nationally by a great supermarket net. This way, the work supplies important information for the conduction the aging cachaças, with or without the employment of extracts, and still for the evaluation of the truth, or not, aging attributed to one cachaça. / Foram analisados, por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência – CLAE, compostos fenólicos de baixo peso molecular (Ácido Gálico, 5-hidroximetilfurfural, Furfural, Ácido Vanílico, Ácido Siríngico, Vanilina, Siringaldeído, Coniferaldeído, Sinapaldeído e Cumarina) em cachaças envelhecidas, originadas de todas as regiões produtoras do Estado do Ceará e em extratos de Amburana cearensis (Fr. All.) A. C. Smith. O objetivo foi o de estabelecer o perfil destes compostos na cachaça cearense e de avaliar o potencial dos extratos de Amburana como fonte destes compostos para cachaças no período de envelhecimento. A validação da metodologia analítica, baseada em procedimentos usados para a análise destes analitos em diferentes matrizes, constituiu a fase inicial deste trabalho. Em seguida, contemplou-se a comparação do conteúdo de fenólicos em extratos de Amburana em relação aos de Carvalho e de Bálsamo. Num terceiro momento, pesquisaram-se rotinas para a maximização do rendimento nos extratos de Amburana e, finalmente, realizaram-se análises em cachaças envelhecidas. Os valores encontrados foram comparados com cachaças comerciais envelhecidas de grande aceitação pelos consumidores. Em relação ao método analítico, os resultados alcançados demonstraram a conformidade da metodologia perante todos os parâmetros necessários para que o procedimento analítico obtivesse o status de método validado. As variações, e as novas etapas propostas para os procedimentos mais usuais de obtenção de extratos, apresentaram resultados satisfatórios e o perfil, tanto qualitativo como quantitativo, obtido para os compostos fenólicos de baixo peso molecular para as cachaças envelhecidas cearenses, revelou-se compatível com o que se tem para cachaças envelhecidas comerciais, líderes em vendas nos Estados do Ceará, Pernambuco e ainda com o de uma outra originada de Minas Gerais e distribuída nacionalmente por uma grande rede de supermercado. Desta forma, o trabalho fornece importantes informações para a condução do envelhecimento de cachaças, com ou sem o emprego de extratos, e ainda para a avaliação da veracidade, ou não, do envelhecimento atribuído a uma cachaça.

L’ochratoxine A (OTA) est une mycotoxine issue du métabolisme secondaire des champignons filamenteux appartenant aux genres Penicillium et Aspergillus. Cependant, Aspergillus carbonarius est le majeur producteur de l’OTA sur les raisins. L’OTA a été retrouvée dans différents types de denrées alimentaires ainsi que lesurs produits dérivés. Le profil toxicologique de l’OTA due aux effets néfastes qu’elle présente sur la santé humaine et animale (effets hépatotoxiques, immunotoxiques, génotoxiques, tératogènes et cancérogènes) a conféré à cette mycotoxine une attention majeure auprès des instances internationales afin de limiter son occurrence. Ce projet est dédié pour trouver un moyen de lutte biologique, pouvant réduire l’OTA produite par A. carbonarius d’une part, et détoxifier les matrices alimentaires non conformes aux normes d’une autre part. La première stratégie était d’employer des huiles essentielles (cardamome, céleri, cannelle, taramira, origan, feuille de laurier, cumin, fenugrec, mélisse, menthe, sauge, anis, camomille, fenouil, romarin, romarin et thym) ainsi que des composés phénoliques extraits de plantes médicinales (feuille de laurier, cumin, fenugrec, mélisse, menthe, sauge, anis, camomille, fenouil, romarin et thym) afin d’évaluer leur effet sur la production de l’OTA dans le milieu SGM. Cette approche a été complétée par une étude moléculaire dans le but d’évaluer l’expression des gènes de biosynthèse de l’OTA (acpks, acOTApks et acOTAnrps) ainsi que les gènes de régulation (veA et laeA) chez A. carbonarius. Les résultats ont décelé que les huiles essentielles ont une activité fongicide plus élevée que celle des extraits phénoliques. Effectivement, les huiles essentielles du thym, de l’origan, du taramira, et de la cannelle ont bloqué complètement la croissance d’A. carbonarius. Cependant, les huiles essentielles du fenouil, de la cardamome, de l’anise, de la camomille, du céleri et du romarin ont réduit l’OTA sans autant affecter la croissance fongique. Le mode d’action de ces dernières a été mis en évidence en suivant l’expression des gènes acpks, acOTApks, acOTAnrps, veA et laeA, impliqués dans la biosynthèse de l’OTA chez A. carbonarius. Le gène acpks a été réprimée le plus (99.2%) quand A. carbonarius a été mis en culture avec 5 µL/mL du fenouil, entrainant ainsi une réduction de 88.9% de l’OTA. La deuxième stratégie était de développer un moyen de lutte biologique pouvant détoxifier les matrices alimentaires contaminées. Cette méthodologie a été développée suite à l’utilisation de sept souches d’actinobactéries (AT10, AT8, SN7, MS1, ML5, G10 et PT1), en évaluant leur capacité à métaboliser l’OTA, adhérer cette toxine à leur paroi membranaire ainsi que leur effet sur l’expression des gènes impliqués dans la biosynthèse de l’OTA chez A. carbonarius (acpks, acOTApks, acOTAnrps, veA et laeA). Les résultats ont montré que toutes les souches possèdent la capacité d’adhérer l’OTA à leur surface, notamment la souche SN7 qui a réduit 33% de l’OTA après 60 minutes d’incubation dans une solution PBS (Phosphate Buffer Solution) non nutritive. Les souches AT10 et SN7 ont métabolisé 51.94 et 52.68% de l’OTA ajoutée au milieu ISP2 (International Streptomyces Project-2) après 5 jours de culture à 28 °C. Cependant, les souches MS1, ML5 et G10 étaient les seules à avoir un effet sur l’expression des gènes de biosynthèse de l’OTA chez A. carbonarius. Effectivement les gènes acpks, acOTApks et acOTAnrps ont été réprimé respectivement de 37.1, 23.9 et 21% par MS1, de 39, 23 et 11.1% par ML5 et de 39, 18.3 et 11.1% par la souche G10. Ce projet a mis en valeur la capacité des extraits naturels (composés phénoliques et huiles essentielles) et des actinobactéries à prévenir d’une part la production de l’OTA et d’autre part réduire ses taux, sans pourtant affecter l’équilibre naturel ni engendrer l’apparition des débris toxiques dans les aliments traités. / Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin derived from the secondary metabolism of filamentous fungi belonging to the Penicillium and Aspergillus genera. However, Aspergillus carbonarius is the major producer of OTA on grapes. OTA has been detected in different types of foodstuffs as well as several products derived from these commodities. The toxicological profile of OTA and its adverse effects on human and animal health (hepatotoxic, immunotoxic, genotoxic, teratogenic and carcinogenic effects) has given this mycotoxin a major attention of international committees in order to limit its occurrence. The aim of this project was to develop biological techniques that can reduce OTA produced by A. carbonarius and detoxify non-compliant food matrices. The first strategy was achieved by using essential oils (cardamom, celery, cinnamon, taramira, oregano, bay leaf, cumin, fenugreek, melissa, mint, sage, anise, chamomile, fennel, rosemary and thyme) and phenolic compounds extracted from medicinal plants (bay leaf, cumin, fenugreek, melissa, mint, sage, anise, chamomile, fennel, rosemary, and thyme) to evaluate their effect on OTA production in SGM medium. This approach was complemented by a molecular study to evaluate the expression of the OTA biosynthesis genes (acpks, acOTApks and acOTAnrps) as well as the regulatory genes (veA and laeA) in A. carbonarius. The results revealed that essential oils had more significant fungicidal activity than phenolic extracts. Indeed, the essential oils of thyme, oregano, taramira, and cinnamon completely blocked the growth of A. carbonarius. However, essential oils of fennel, cardamom, anise, chamomile, celery and rosemary reduced OTA without affecting fungal growth. The mode of action of these essential oils has been demonstrated by evaluating the expression of acpks, acOTApks, acOTAnrps, veA and laeA genes in A. carbonarius. The expression of acpks was repressed the most (up to 99.2%) when A. carbonarius was cultured with 5 L / mL of fennel essential oil, resulting in a 88.9% of reduction in the OTA produced by this fungus. The second strategy was developed in order to detoxify contaminated food matrices. This methodology was achieved by using seven strains of actinobacteria (AT10, AT8, SN7, MS1, ML5, G10 and PT1), and evaluating their ability to metabolize OTA, adhere this toxin to their membrane walls and their effect on the expression of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of OTA in A. carbonarius (acpks, acOTApks, acOTAnrps, veA and laeA). The results showed that all strains were able to bind OTA to their surfaces, specially the SN7 strain which reduced 33% of OTA after incubation for 60 minutes in PBS (Phosphate Buffer Solution). The strains AT10 and SN7 metabolized 51.94 and 52.68% of the OTA added to the ISP2 medium (International Streptomyces Project-2) after 5 days of culture at 28° C. However, MS1, ML5 and G10 were the only strains to have an effect on the expression of the OTA biosynthesis genes in A. carbonarius. Indeed, acpks, acOTApks and acOTAnrps genes were repressed respectively by 37.1, 23.9 and 21% by MS1, 39, 23 and 11.1% by ML5 and 39, 18.3 and 11.1% by the strain G10. This project highlighted the power of natural extracts (phenolic compounds and essential oils) as well as strains of actinobacteria to prevent OTA production on one hand and to detoxify contaminated commodities on the other hand without altering the natural microbial balance.

As especificações do biodiesel são garantidas por um rigoroso controle de qualidade; entre outros parâmetros, a quantificação de antioxidantes é fundamental para assegurar um produto satisfatório para comercialização. No presente estudo, foram desenvolvidas técnicas voltamétricas e cromatográficas para análise direta de BHA, TBHQ, BHT e PG em biodiesel. Medidas por voltametria de pulso diferencial (DPV) em mistura biodiesel:etanol 1:1 (v/v), contendo perclorato de tetra-hexilamônio como eletrólito suporte e empregando ultramicroeletrodo (ume) de Pt, mostraram picos da corrente diferencial de oxidação bem definidos para TBHQ e PG, sendo obtidos gráficos de calibração lineares na faixa de concentrações de 10-3 mol L-1. Analogamente, empregando um ume de Au em microemulsão de biodiesel livre de surfactante (SFME) contendo tetrafluoroborato de tetra-n-butilamônio, medidas por DPV apresentaram picos da corrente diferencial bem definidos para TBHQ e BHT. Para esses compostos, foram obtidos gráficos de calibração lineares na faixa de concentrações de 10-4 mol L-1. Em ambos os casos, devido à sobreposição dos voltamogramas, os teores de antioxidantes foram calculados por um procedimento matemático de deconvolução empregando o software Origin 8.0®. A quantificação de BHA, BHT e TBHQ por cromatografia GC/qMS em biodiesel diluído em metanol apresentou linearidade entre 5 e 25 mg L-1, para cada um dos antioxidantes. Medidas por HPLC em fase reversa com coluna fenílica apresentaram boa separação dos picos cromatográficos na análise simultânea de BHA, BHT, TBHQ e PG assim como curvas de calibração com linearidade entre 10 e 80 mg L-1, para cada um dos antioxidantes. A identificação dos ésteres metílicos de ácidos graxos (FAMEs) no biodiesel foi realizada por UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap/MS; os teores de FAMEs e antioxidantes permaneceram estáveis nas amostras fortificadas mesmo após 8 semanas de exposição à luz solar, porém diminuíram significativamente em amostras não-fortificadas. As metodologias propostas são de fácil preparo e baixo consumo de amostra, podendo vir a ser do interesse da indústria para o monitoramento de antioxidantes em biodiesel, na linha de produção. A principal vantagem é não ser necessário nenhum tipo de pré-tratamento da amostra: a simples diluição em metanol ou etanol ou a preparação do biodiesel na forma de SFME conferem rapidez e simplicidade à determinação dos antioxidantes investigados. / Biodiesel features are assured by strict quality control procedures; among those, antioxidants quantification is essential to guarantee a good and satisfactory final product for commercialization. In the present study, voltammetric and chromatographic methodologies were developed for direct analyses techniques of BHA, TBHQ, BHT and PG in biodiesel. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in biodiesel:ethanol 1:1 (v/v), with tetrahexylammonium perchlorate as supporting electrolyte at a Pt ultramicroelectrode (ume), presented well-defined oxidation peaks for TBHQ and PG, with corresponding linear calibration graphs in the range of 10-3 mol L-1. Likewise, DPV at an Au ume in biodiesel surfactant-free microemulsion (SFME), with tetra-n-butylammonium tetrafluoroborate, presented well-defined oxidation peaks for TBHQ and BHT. For these compounds, linear calibration graphs were obtained in the range of 10-4 mol L-1. In both techniques, due to significant voltammograms overlapping, amounts of antioxidants were calculated through mathematical deconvolution process using software Origin 8.0®. BHA, BHT and TBHQ quantification by GC/qMS in biodiesel diluted in methanol presented linearity between 5 and 25 mg L-1 for each antioxidant. Reversed-phase liquid chromatography by HPLC using phenyl column showed good peak separation in simultaneous analysis of BHA, BHT, TBHQ and PG and calibration curves with linearity between 10 and 80 mg L-1. Biodiesel fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) identification was carried out by UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap/MS; both FAMEs and antioxidants contents remained stable in spiked samples even after 8 weeks under sunlight exposure; in non-spiked samples, FAMEs content was significantly reduced. All proposed methodologies are easy to perform and present low sample consumption, which are interesting features for industry to monitor the aforementioned and other antioxidants in biodiesel. Their main advantage lies in the absence of any sample pre-treatment: the simple dilution in methanol or ethanol or biodiesel preparation as SFME deliver speed and simplicity for determination of target antioxidants.

As diferentes intensidades de luz ou até mesmo a sua qualidade podem desempenhar um papel importante em algumas das principais vias metabólicas envolvidas na síntese de compostos bioativos. A radiação ultravioleta B (UV-B), além de influenciar mudanças no DNA, na atividade fotossintética e no crescimento das plantas, pode induzir a síntese e o acúmulo de metabólitos secundários. Assim, para investigar a efetividade da radiação UV-B suplementar na pós-colheita, cáqui (Diospyros kaki) e goiaba (Psidium guajava) foram submetidos a 48 horas de tratamento e posteriormente analisados em relação ao seu conteúdo de carotenoides. O acúmulo de carotenoides ocorreu de forma significativa para ambas as frutas, porém em momentos diferentes. A fim de entender os efeitos exercidos pela radiação UV-B suplementar em alimentos fontes de outros compostos bioativos, maçãs (Malus domestica) foram submetidas a 36 horas de tratamento e acompanhadas por 21 dias de armazenamento. Os parâmetros de qualidade durante o armazenamento das frutas não foram influenciados pela radiação UV-B, ocorrendo apenas perda de firmeza e de peso em todas as frutas As diferentes classes de compostos fenólicos identificados e quantificados por HPLC-MS apresentaram comportamentos diversos após o tratamento. Ácidos hidroxicinâmicos e antocianinas foram positivamente afetados pela suplementação de radiação UV-B. Para avaliar os efeitos da radiação UV-B suplementar sobre os compostos bioativos durante a pré-colheita de alimentos, alfaces verdes e roxas (Lactuca sativa) foram submetidas a 1 hora de tratamento por dia durante duas semanas. O conteúdo de carotenoides nas alfaces verdes e de compostos fenólicos nas alfaces roxas foi significativamente maior após o tratamento com radiação suplementar. Neste contexto, a radiação UV-B pode ser considerada uma tecnologia promissora no que diz respeito à modulação de compostos bioativos em alimentos, tanto durante o cultivo quanto após a colheita. / Different light intensities or even their quality may play an important role in some of the major metabolic pathways involved in the synthesis of bioactive compounds. In addition to influencing changes in DNA, photosynthetic activity and plant growth, ultraviolet B radiation (UV-B) may induce the synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites. Therefore, to investigate the effectiveness of post-harvest UV-B radiation, kaki (Diospyros kaki) and guava (Psidium guajava) were submitted to 48 hours of treatment and then analyzed for their carotenoid content. The accumulation of carotenoids occurred in a significant way for both fruits, but at different times. In order to understand the effects exerted by supplemental UV-B radiation on food sources of other bioactive compounds, apples (Malus domestica) were subjected to 36 hours of treatment and accompanied by 21 days of storage. The quality parameters during fruit storage were not influenced by UV-B radiation, with only loss of firmness and weight occurring in all fruits. The different classes of phenolic compounds identified and quantified by HPLC-MS showed different behavior after treatment. Hydroxycinnamic acids and anthocyanins were positively affected by the supplementation of UV-B radiation. To evaluate the effects of supplemental UV-B radiation on bioactive compounds during food cultivation, green and red lettuces (Lactuca sativa) were subjected to 1 hour of treatment per day for two weeks. The carotenoid content in green lettuce and phenolic compounds in red lettuce was significantly higher after treatment with supplementary radiation. In this context, UV-B radiation can be considered a promising technology for the modulation of bioactive compounds in food, both during and after harvest.

The present work treats the amount of phenolic substances in salad plants. A part of this vast plant group is made of flavonoids, which are important by their accessibility and significant biological activity. Quercetin and rutin are in the main focus of this work. They are noted for their favourable biological effects. Having antioxidant qualities, they prevent and stop the lipid peroxidation and they dispose of free radicals. Flavonoids are used in medicine and can prevent the formation of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease or atherosclerosis. The amount of phenolic substances in the chosen sample of ten salad plants was determined by means of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) and by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We have used a freeze-dried material for the analysis. The utmost amount of quercetin was found in lettuce grown on outside garden. 48 600 mg/kg of dry matter highly exceeded the amount of quercetin in other plants. There were other phenolic substancs as well: rosmarinic acid, caffeoylchinol acid and caffeic acid. Among others, we found derivatives and colourants of caffeic acid as well.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-01-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:02:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 michelin_dc_dr_arafcf.pdf: 699909 bytes, checksum: e7f0055cf8223c3a7b3263cc9b8380ac (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Operculina macrocarpa (L.) Urb., Convolvulaceae, popularmente conhecida como batata-de-purga ou jalapa, é utilizada pela população como laxante e no tratamento da leucorréia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o controle de qualidade da droga vegetal, otimizar o processo extrativo desta espécie, avaliar a atividade laxante e antioxidante da raiz desta planta, realizar ensaios toxicológicos e ainda caracterizar fitoquimicamente a espécie por CLAE (Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência) e EM (Espectrometria de Massas). Foram realizados testes farmacopéicos de controle de qualidade, que comprovaram a autenticidade e a qualidade da droga vegetal. Avaliou-se a atividade laxante de O. macrocarpa através de diferentes modelos experimentais de trânsito intestinal utilizando o extrato hidroetanólico, o chá, a resina e os ácidos caféico, clorogênico e ferúlico. Verificou-se que o extrato hidroetanólico, o chá e os ácidos fenólicos apresentaram atividade laxante no modelo experimental avaliado e para atividade antioxidante foi observada uma discreta atividade para o extrato, o chá e a resina comparados com o padrão de ácido caféico. Na avaliação toxicológica o extrato hidroetanólico e o chá apresentaram uma diminuição nos valores das transaminases séricas AST (Aspartato aminotransferase) e ALT (Alanina aminotransferase), sugerindo hepatotoxicidade. Foi traçado o perfil químico do extrato hidroetanólico, do chá e da resina onde foram identificados os ácidos caféico, ferúlico, clorogênico, metil-ferúlico, quínico, dicafeoil-quinico e dímero do ácido caféico por CLAE e EM. Os ácidos fenólicos identificados foram quantificados por CLAE. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo químico-farmacológico de Operculina macrocarpa são fundamentais para o futuro desenvolvimento de um produto farmacêutico... / Operculina macrocarpa (L.) (Urb.), Convolvulaceae, popularly known as 'batata-depurga', is used by the population as a laxative and for the treatment of leucorrhea. The aim of this work was to carry out the quality control of vegetal drug, evaluate the antioxidant and laxative activity of the root of this plant, to carry out toxicology assays and phytochemical characterization by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) and MS (Mass Spectrommetry) of this specie. Pharmacopeial tests of quality control had confirmed the authenticity and quality of sample. The laxative activity was evaluated by different experimental models for the hydromethanolic extract, tea, resin, and caffeic, chlorogenic and ferulic acid. The results showed that hydroethanolic extract, tea and phenolic acids had significant activity in experimental model tested. The results showed a little antioxidant activity for the extract, resin and tea when compared with standart caffeic acid. In the toxicological evaluation hydroethanolic extract and tea had presented alterations in the seric levels of transaminases ALT (Alanine aminotransferase) and AST (Aspartate aminotransferase) suggesting hepatotoxicity. Chemical profile of ethanolic extract, tea and resin was carried out by HPLC and MS and these techniques could identify caffeic, ferulic, chlorogenic, methylferulic, quinic, dicaffeoylquinic acids and a caffeic acid dimer. The phenolic acids were quantificated by HPLC. The results obtained in the chemical-pharmacological study of Operculina macrocarpa are fundamental for the future development of a pharmaceutical product with standarts of safety and efficacy... (Resumo completo clicar acesso electronic access below)