MMed thesis - Faculty of Health Sciences / The field of organ and tissue transplantation has necessitated an improved understanding of their associated pathophysiological pathways. Specific areas of interest involve the changes that follow ischaemia and derangement’s that accompany organ and tissue storage, reperfusion injury and the “no-reflow” phenomenon. Strategies have been devised to manipulate and modify these processes, improving tissue and organ survival and function. These have involved the use of preservation solutions. Although most research involves organ transplantation, these principles have been translated and applied to various tissues, surgical flaps and microvascular replantations. These studies have generally used the skin flap as their model with little knowledge regarding muscle flaps, the most vulnerable to the ischaemic process. This study targets the use of one such preservation system and uses skeletal muscle as its tissue model. The vascular anatomy of the rectus femoris muscle in the New Zealand white rabbit was studied anatomically and radiologically and thus described. The isolated rectus femoris muscle flap was harvested and perfused in-vitro with cooled, oxygenated University of Wisconsin solution (UWS) using a pulsatile renal perfusion pump. UWS was selected as it contains vital additives important in cryopreservation of organs. Monitoring of various physiological parameters was performed. The muscle was examined at 0, 4, 8, 12, 18 and 24 hours of extra-corporeal perfusion using warm and cold, non-perfused controls. The contralateral muscle served as the control. End-points were the percentage of muscle survival, as determined by a new grading system of muscle ischaemia, based on 3 light and 7 electron microscopic criteria. The overall percentage of muscle survival (combined light and electron microscopy scores) resulted in approximately 58% survival at 24 hours for the perfused muscle versus 31% for the cold stored muscle. The stored muscle had the same survival rate at 12 hours as did the perfused muscle at 24 hours. For all time periods beyond 4 to 8 hours, perfused muscle showed statistically improved survival rates compared to the stored muscle. Eight hours appears to be a crucial point beyond which survival in muscle deteriorates to a much greater degree without perfusion. Questions remain as to which method of preservation yields the best survival benefit and, as yet, there is no “ideal” perfusate. The future involves manipulating perfusion solutions and trying to arrest or reverse established warm ischaemia. Success of free tissue transfers and replantations of musclecontaining body parts may be enhanced. These techniques may also allow us to effectively store previously harvested flaps and eventually, to enter the realm of “banked” allograft tissue flaps.

Thesis advisor: Sara Moorman / My grandfather passed away four years ago of cancer. Every family member made their way to Cape Cod during his last few days in order to say their good-byes. It was not until the day after the last grandchild said good-bye that my grandfather passed away. We all felt that he wanted to wait so he could say good-bye to all of us. I have talked to many people who have had similar experiences with family members and friends. Some people have held on to see people one last time; others have wanted to make another birthday, while others have wanted to see another holiday that is special to them. In the present study, I explored the death dip, death rise phenomenon. Specifically, I analyzed mortality rates around the New Year’s Day, Christmas, and Pioneer Day. I examined two days before and two days after the holiday within specific cities (Project 1: New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago; Project 2: Salt Lake City, Boise, Little Rock; Project 3: Atlanta, Oklahoma City, New Orleans) within a five-year period (1998-2002). The data observed found a death dip and death rise present for New Year’s in New York City and Chicago. There was not a death dip or death rise observed for Project 2, Project 3, or Los Angeles in Project 1. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2014. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Sociology Honors Program. / Discipline: Sociology.

Lately, the trailer for the game “Battlefield V” received a massive backlash from the players of the Battlefield franchise due to the fact that the game inspired by World War II featured a woman as the main character. This research set out to investigate how female elements are interpreted in a traditional male-dominated digital space, and aims to highlight the elements to consider when introducing a female lead character in a video game. The method employed was the critical discourse analysis method (CDA) which interprets discourse by drawing out the implicit meanings in texts. The analysis sought to discern the elements depicting the woman soldier in the online discourse around the game that originated from the controversy. The interpretation of the results is based on the reception theory, as well as the concept of identification and develop around the theory of gender and media and game theory (ludology). The results revealed that the perception of women as a role, from a presence and aesthetic perspective in a virtual space, is influenced by gender roles and the reception of History. Another conclusion is that when giving a female character the main role, with all the attributes of a male character, it seems to confuse the players, resulting in that they cannot identify themselves with the avatar. In addition, the physical appearance contributes to the identification with a character and confirms the precedent studies about male players identifying with male players. The findings support the autonomy of historical understanding and its connection to visual culture in order to explain the phenomenon. As a consequence, the rejection of the main character has led to the creation of a community built around the online discourse and the imbalance of gender values, favorising masculinity over femininity.

Le sourire est une grimace caractéristique qui se forme sur un visage humain, et qui a plusieurs dimensions: physiologique, psychologique et sociale.L'analyse descriptive du sourire, sa distinction d'avec le rire, mais aussi sa qualité de mimique expressive spécifique par rapport à l'expression animale, permettent d'établir que celui qui sourit se place dans une situation d'ouverture aux autres et au monde, et dans un état de non-coïncidence à soi caractéristique de l'humanité.C'est pourquoi voir quelqu'un sourire, ce n'est pas seulement reconnaître une émotion, ni même la partager. C'est faire l'expérience de la façon dont un sujet habite le monde et s'y oriente. C'est pré-sentir la possibilité d'un nouveau type de relations entre les hommes, d'un passage à une société et une morale ouvertes. C'est enfin, grâce à l'ironie et au charme de certains sourires, l'occasion de saisir la présence quasi imperceptible d'un Je-ne-sais-quoi capable de combler nos vies.Les spiritualités de type religieux n'ont pas méconnu ces qualités si subtiles du sourire. Au sein de chacune d'entre elles, le sourire a une place, repérable à partir de textes et de documents iconographiques. Cette place est cependant rarement mise en lumière. Le sourire, peut-être à cause de l'ouverture qui le caractérise, peut représenter une menace pour toutes les pensées qui se rigidifient. / The smile is a distinctive funny face (grimace) appearing on a human face, with several dimensions: physiological , psychological and social. The descriptive analysis of the smile, its distinction from laughter, but also what characterizes it as a specific and expressive sign language, with respect to animal expression, make it possible to establish that the one who smiles places himself in a situation of openness to others and to the world, and in a state of non-coincidence to oneself which is a characteristic of humanity.That's why, seeing someone smile is not only about recognizing an emotion, or even sharing it. It is experiencing the way an individual inhabits the world and finds his bearings. It is to sense the possibility of a new kind of relationships between human beings, a shift to an open society and morality. Lastly, thanks to the irony and charm of some smiles, seeing someone smile is the opportunity to feel the almost imperceptible presence of a Je-ne-sais-quoi (I don't know what) which is able to fulfill our lives. Such subtle qualities of the smile have never been ignored by religious spiritualities. Within each of them, the smile has a place identifiable from writings or iconographic documents. Nevertheless this place is hardly ever highlighted. The smile, perhaps because of its openness that characterizes it, can be a threat to all the thoughts that become rigid.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-02-22T17:23:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ANGÉLICA MARIA ALVES VASCONCELOS.pdf: 1010534 bytes, checksum: f34a3da74e5e69cd5ee6d89ac305023d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-22T17:23:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANGÉLICA MARIA ALVES VASCONCELOS.pdf: 1010534 bytes, checksum: f34a3da74e5e69cd5ee6d89ac305023d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-24 / The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze, through a phenomenological hermeneutic approach, of literary work Sleepwalking Land of Mia Couto, from the perspective of language as an aesthetic phenomenon and as a process of "essentialization", under the theoretical concepts of the being, especially based on Martin Heidegger who defined: "language is the home of the being". It aims to understand the dynamics of the work writing and literary writing, divided into two metonymic cores that dialogue and intercommunicate in the dynamics of the artistic process: the macrocosm and the microcosm. The first part of the fictional language on the human universe; the second refers to the fictional itself, language as an artistic product. It also seeks to understand the process of construction of the literary work. Notes the language of the characters of Terra Sonâmbula, especially of the protagonists, but not only of them, searching for clues that indicate which ones have greater possibilities of awareness and in what stage they are in this attempt to glimpse their own being. Through their trajectories are revealed the internal and external interferences that influence, positively or negatively, the process of essentialization of these characters. / O objetivo desta dissertação é fazer uma análise, por meio de uma abordagem hermenêutica fenomenológica, da obra Terra Sonâmbula, de Mia Couto, na perspectiva da teoria da linguagem como fenômeno estético e como processo de “essencialização” do ser, sob os conceitos, principalmente, de Martin Heidegger que definiu: “A linguagem é a morada do ser”. Visa compreender a dinâmica da escrita-escritura da obra, dividida em dois núcleos metonímicos que se dialogam e se intercomunicam na dinâmica do processo artístico: o macrocosmo e o microcosmo. O primeiro, parte da linguagem ficcional relativa ao universo humano; o segundo se refere ao ficcional em si, à linguagem enquanto produto artístico. Procura, ainda, entender o processo de construção da obra literária. Observa a linguagem dos personagens de Terra Sonâmbula, em especial dos protagonistas, mas não só deles, buscando pistas que indiquem quais tem maiores possibilidades de conscientização e em que estágio se encontram nesta tentativa de vislumbrar seu próprio ser. Por meio de suas trajetórias revelamse as interferências, internas e externas, que influenciam, positiva ou negativamente, no processo de essencialização desses personagens.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:46:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ROSANGELA SIQUEIRA DA SILVA.pdf: 2099211 bytes, checksum: cd4c20161f0d4503fd23c1421e50bd26 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-03 / This thesis aims to analyze the secular nature of the Brazilian state, focusing on the provision of Religious Education in the public school system. Presents the successive changes that accompany this curriculum component. For this, there was a literature documentary and bibliographical research from contemporary documents: laws and normative opinions of Education. On bibliographical research were consulted scientific publications concerning the subject, drawn up between 1970 and 2013.The result of the document analysis on the relationship between secular state and the religious education in recent years indicate that the regional spheres public education systems seek to do away all forms of sectarianism and religious proselytism that prioritizes either religious matrix. With this, there is the introduction of a model of religious education with anthropological approach, which involves the different religious arrays of Brazilian culture. The document analysis of scientific publications support the need of religious education in the basic training of the students, since this presents the religious diversity of the socio-cultural-historical Brazilian context. In this educational approach has focused on the religious phenomenon not only a religious matrix of Brazilian culture. This research indicates changes as to the neutrality and religious impartiality in public spaces and the commitment to secularism in education. / A presente tese tem por objetivo analisar o papel da laicidade do Estado brasileiro, enfocando a oferta do Ensino Religioso nos sistemas públicos educacionais. Apresenta as sucessivas mudanças que acompanham esse componente curricular. Realizou-se uma pesquisa documental e bibliográfica a partir de documentos contemporâneos: leis e pareceres normativos da Educação Nacional. Na pesquisa bibliográfica foram consultadas publicações científicas relativas ao assunto, elaboradas entre 1996 e 2013. O resultado da análise documental sobre a relação entre Estado laico e o Ensino Religioso nos últimos anos indica que nas esferas regionais os sistemas públicos de ensino buscam afastar toda forma de confessionalismo e proselitismo religioso que prioriza uma ou outra matriz religiosa. Com isso, ocorre a introdução de um modelo de Ensino Religioso com enfoque antropológico, que envolve as diferentes matrizes religiosas da cultura brasileira. As análises documentais das publicações científicas permitiram confirmar a necessidade do Ensino Religioso na formação básica dos educandos, visto que esse componente tem como eixo norteador a diversidade cultural religiosa presente no contexto sócio-histórico-brasileiro. Nessa abordagem de ensino tem-se como foco o fenômeno religioso como tal, não apenas uma matriz religiosa da cultura brasileira. Essa pesquisa sinaliza mudanças quanto à imparcialidade religiosa nos espaços públicos e o compromisso com a laicidade na educação.

Esta tese apresenta a caracterização de desempenho dos serviços executados em um ambiente em nuvem, quando são consideradas rajadas de diferentes origens, intensidades e variabilidades nas cargas de trabalho. Os resultados mostram que a presença de rajadas no processo de chegada das requisições e/ou nas demandas de serviço, ocasiona uma considerável degradação no desempenho dos serviços e, portanto, devem ser consideradas nos modelos de cargas de trabalhos e nas atividades voltadas para avaliação de desempenho em computação em nuvem. Considerando-se a grande influência das rajadas, é proposta e validada uma metodologia que permite monitorar uma carga de trabalho e determinar a ocorrência de rajadas tanto nas taxas de chegadas de requisições quanto nas demandas de serviços. A metodologia utilizada na condução deste trabalho consta de diferentes modelos de cargas de trabalho com rajadas de diferentes variabilidades e intensidades, desenvolvidos e integrados à arquitetura CloudSim-BEQoS proposta nesta tese. Utilizando-se essa arquitetura é possível executar um conjunto de experimentos que possibilitam a obtenção dos resultados que caracterizam o desempenho dos serviços quando são criadas condições de rajadas nas cargas de trabalho submetidas à nuvem. / This thesis presents the performance characterization of the services executed in a cloud environment, when bursts are considered from different sources, intensity and variability in the workload. The results show that the presence of bursts in the arrival process of requests and/or in service demands, causes a significant degradation in the performance of services and therefore should belong to the models of workloads and in the activities considered for performance evaluation in cloud computing. Considering the great influence of bursts, a methodology to monitor a workload and predict the occurrence of bursts in both the rates of request arrivals and the service demands is proposed and validated. The methodology used in the conduction of this work consists in different types of workloads with bursts of different variability and intensity, developed and integrated into the CloudSim-BEQoS architecture proposed in this thesis. By using this architecture it is possible to execute a set of experiments that enable the achievement of the results that characterize the performance of services when bursts conditions are created in the workload submitted to the cloud.

Corridas são praticadas há milênios. Nos últimos 30 anos reuniram milhões de praticantes nas ruas do mundo todo. Como outras atividades físicas, passou por transformações ao longo da história. Estas mudanças estão diretamente ligadas a questões da sociedade. A sociedade contemporânea tem duas características principais, a questão da identidade e a globalização. Estes pontos influenciam a visão de corpo, a compreensão de saúde, definem as relações pessoais, o papel das mulheres, os vínculos locais, a incorporação da tecnologia e o empreendedorismo. A Corrida Internacional de São Silvestre incorpora todas as características da sociedade formada nos últimos 30 anos. É um exemplo da ligação entre a corrida de rua e a sociedade. A corrida de rua é um fenômeno sociocultural contemporâneo. / People has being running for thousand years. In the last 30 years distance running put toghether million people in streets all around the world. As other physical activities, distance running has gone through changes along History. These changes relate directally to social issues. Contemporary society has two major characteristics, identity and globalization. These points relate on how eaach one sees the human body, health comprehension, personal relationship, women role, the urban ties, uses of technology and entrepreneurship. São Silvestre International Road Race bring togheter all characteristics of society in the last 30 years. It is an example of relation between running and society. Road races are a contemporary phenomenon.

O fenômeno da compensação pode ser identificado em atletas que atuam no mesmo nível de desempenho esportivo, mas, que tenham características morfológicas e funcionais diferentes. Algumas características podem apresentar escores baixos (em relação a seus pares), e são compensadas por outras com escores altos. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi verificar a existência do fenômeno da compensação em atletas de voleibol infanto-juvenis e adultas por meio de características antropométricas, de aptidão física e psicossociais. As discussões foram realizadas em quatro etapas. Na primeira etapa, foram descritas as características antropométricas, somatotípicas, de aptidão física e psicossociais. Na segunda etapa, foram verificados a idade de início da prática esportiva no vôlei e quantos anos de treinamento cada atleta tinha acumulado em sua carreira. Na terceira etapa, foram averiguadas as semelhanças e as diferenças na combinação dos perfis antropométrico, de aptidão física e psicossocial das atletas, por meio de escores padronizados. Na quarta e última etapa, foi constatada a efetividade da seleção de talentos considerando-se duas variáveis determinantes para o voleibol: a estatura e a impulsão vertical. Os resultados encontrados indicaram que é possível identificar o fenômeno da compensação em atletas de voleibol do mesmo nível de desempenho esportivo. / The compensation phenomenon may be identified in athletes that compete at the same performance level, but achieve this performance level through distinct morphological and functional characteristics. An athlete may present lower scores in some characteristics, but he can compensate them having higher scores in others. The aim of this study was to identify the compensation phenomenon in junior and in senior female volleyball players through anthropometric, motor abilities and psychosocial characteristics. The analysis of the compensation phenomenon was performed in a four-step approach. In the first step, anthropometric, somatotype, motor abilities and psychosocial characteristics were described. In the second step, age of practice start and years each athlete had accumulated in the training career were described. In the third step, similarities and differences of the athletes were analyzed through the combination of anthropometric, motor abilities and psychosocial profile scores padronization. Finally, in the fourth, the efficiency of talent selection was verified considering two determinant characteristics of volleyball players: height and vertical jump. The results showed that is possible to identify the compensation phenomenon in athletes that compete in the same level of sport performance.

Linhas de produção são sistemas fabris para produção em larga escala, com grande importância no sistema industrial atual. Como se trata de um sistema já consolidado, é natural que existam métricas de desempenho e estratégias para otimização de eficiência para as diversas configurações de linhas de produção existentes. Este trabalho se concentra em linhas seriais não-ritmadas e estocásticas. Em particular, o interesse é no efeito de se desbalancear adequadamente uma linha de produção para melhorar sua produtividade, o que é denominado na literatura de fenômeno Tigela (Bowl phenomenon). Uma revisão da literatura mostrou que esse fenômeno já foi estudado em diferentes cenários: linhas com e sem buffers, diversos perfis de carga ao longo da linha e diferentes distribuições probabilísticas regendo os tempos de execução das tarefas. Contudo, nenhum dos estudos considerou a indivisibilidade das tarefas, isto é, o fato de que cada tarefa deve ser executada em uma única estação. Essa é a principal lacuna explorada neste estudo. Para isso, são utilizadas instâncias recentemente propostas do Problema Simples de Balanceamento de Linhas de Produção (SALBP, na sigla em inglês) e instâncias do Problema de Designação de Trabalhadores e Balanceamento de Linhas de Produção (ALWABP), que são solucionadas a partir de modelos de programação inteira mista que induzem soluções de acordo com o efeito Tigela. Essas soluções são utilizadas em um modelo de simulação estocástico, também apresentado neste trabalho. Em linhas gerais, os resultados mostram que as soluções do SALBP e ALWABP obtidas podem se beneficiar do efeito Tigela. Além disso, a variedade das instâncias utilizadas nos experimentos argumentam em favor de uma maior capacidade de generalização dos resultados para casos práticos se comparados aos casos simplificados previamente discutidos na literatura. / Assembly lines are large-scale production systems with great value in modern industrial systems. Perfomance measures and strategies have been proposed in order to evaluate and improve the efficiency of numerous assembly line configurations. This dissertation focuses on serial unpaced (stochastic) assembly lines. In particular, the interest of this study is in the effect of deliberately unbalacing the line in a specific manner in order to enhance its performance, a strategy that exploits the so-called Bowl phenomenon. The literature has studied this phenomenon in different scenarios: buffered and unbuffered lines, different workload profiles along the line and different probabilistic task time distributions. However, none of the identified studies considers task indivisibility, an intrisic characteristic of real-world assembly line balancing problems, namely, each task has to be executed in a single station. This is the main gap explored in this study. Thereunto, we use recently proposed instances for the Simple Assembly Line Balancing Problem (SALBP) and some Assembly Line Worker Assignment and Balancing Problem (ALWABP) instances, which are solved using mixed integer programming models capable of inducing bowl workload profiles. These solutions are used as input in a stochastic simulation model, also presented in this study. Overall, the results show that SALBP and ALWABP solutions may benefit from the Bowl phenomenon. Furthermore, the variety of the instances considered in the experiments allows for a better generalization of the results to real-world scenarios if compared to the simplified cases previously shown in the literature.