Aim: The aim of this thesis was to investigate the psychophysiological response to the dynamic working environment within a cohort of higher education employees via ambulatory assessment of psychosocial and physiological measures. Methods: Data was collected from two observational studies. Study one employed a cross-sectional design to investigate relationships between work-related psychosocial hazard, work-time heart rate variability, blood pressure, and the cortisol awakening response. Consideration was given to occupation type and acute work-related demand. Study two, a single-subject case study, employed an experience sampling methodology to peform a 24 hour assessment over 21 days. Workload, affect and demand were sampled during working hours, while heart rate variability and physical activity were continually sampled (24 hours), with salivary cortisol, being sampled at 3 time points during the awakening period. This study also investigated some of the methodological issues associated with ambulatory assessment of both heart rate variability and the cortisol awakening response. Findings: Chronic work-related demand was found to be positively associated with sympathetic dominance of the autonomic nervous system. Acute work-related demand was associated with ambulatory heart rate variability during work time and evening time whilst the rise in salivary free cortisol over the immediate post awakening period varies according to acute anticipatory demand and prior day's workload. Substantial intra--individual variation in both the cortisol awakening response and ambulatory heart variability was found to occur across work-days. Work time activity levels accounted for little of the variation in ambulatory heart rate variability and blood pressure. The cortisol awakening response was associated with both heart rate variability and nocturnal movement in the latter stage of sleep. Conclusion: Attending to the psychophysiological response to work at the individual level by means of ambulatory assessment appears to provide a useful means of assessing the balance between employee and environment. This could have significant implications for work design, employee selection and targeting of workplace interventions.

MSCAGR (Plant Production) / Department of Plant Production

本研究は，これまで1つのネガティブな感情として考えられてきた悲しみ感情にも，種類が存在するのではないかと考え，主観・生理的側面から多角的に検討したものである。3つの研究から，悲しみの中にも，死別のようなあるものを失う悲しみと，失敗のような手に入らなかった悲しみは，それぞれ主観的な特徴，生理的な特徴が異なることが示された。よって，悲しみという感情の中にも種類が存在することが示唆された。 / 博士(心理学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

Im Fokus dieser Arbeit steht die physiologische Reaktion von Einzelbäumen gegenüber Trockenheit. Das angewandte hydrodynamische Xylemwasserfluss (XWF) Model liefert eine hydrologische Abbildung der Einzelbäume. Aufgrund des funktionalen Zusammenhanges zwischen dem Blattwasserpotential und der stomatären Leitfähigkeit erlaubt das XWF Modell eine öko-physiologische Simulation der stomatären Reaktion auf Blattebene. Hieraus ergeben sich auch Rückschlüsse auf die Assimilationsleistung. Als integratives Maß des Verhältnisses zwischen der Kohlenstoffaufnahme und dem Wasserverbrauch werden die stabilen (Jahrring-) Isotope des Kohlen- und des Sauerstoffs analysiert. Des Weiteren werden Messungen des jährlichen Dickenwachstums sowie des Tagesganges der Xylem-Saftflussdichte untersucht. Die XWF Simulationen zeigen eine gute Übereinstimmung mit den Saftflussdichtemessungen an Buchen (Fagus sylvatica L.). Eine effektive stomatäre Regulation der Transpiration während der extreme Trockenheit des Jahres 2003 schütze die untersuchten Buchen vor einer Fehlfunktion des Wassertransportes. Gleichfalls konnte das Wachstum aufrechterhalten werden, was eine Remobilisierung von gespeichertem Kohlenstoff während Zeiten eingeschränkten Gasaustausches nahe legt. Des Weiteren zeigte sich Unterschiede in den (Wasser-) Nutzungsstrategien von Fichten (Picea abies L. Karst.), was auf eine physiologische Prädisposition der Gefährdung einzelner Bäume gegenüber Trockenstress hinweist. Die gemeinsame Betrachtung von hydrodynamischen Simulationen und öko-physiologischen Messungen kann dazu beitragen die komplexen physiologischen Prozesse auf Blattebene abzubilden und diese auf Baumebene zu projizieren. Weiterführend können somit die Vorhersagen des Wasserhaushaltes auf Bestandesebene angepasst und Auswirkungen des Klimawandels besser abgeschätzt werden. / This study focuses on the physiological response of individual trees towards drought. The hydrodynamic model of xylem water flow (XWF) applied provides a hydraulic map of the individual trees. Due to the functional linkage between the leaf water status and the stomatal conductance, the XWF model enables an eco-physiological representation of the stomatal response at the leaf level. As an integrative record of the ratio between water loss and carbon gain, the tree ring carbon and oxygen stable isotopes have been analyzed. Furthermore, measurements of seasonal growth and diurnal sap flow densities include in my study. The hydrodynamic XWF simulation shows good agreement with sap flow density measurements of beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.). It demonstrates that the study trees were able to cope with the extreme drought events of the years 2003 due to a strong limitation of water loss by stomatal closure. The assessment of growth data and stable isotope measurements suggest an increased remobilization of stored carbohydrates during periods of limited gas exchange. Furthermore, differences in the resource use strategies of Norway spruce trees (Picea abies L. Karst.) suggest a physiological predisposition of individual trees toward drought stress. The combined investigation of hydrodynamic modeling and eco-physiological approaches helps to bridge the gap between the detailed examinations of physiological processes at the leaf level to the forecast of water use at the tree level. Thus, predictions of the water balance at the stand level may be adjusted for a better representation of the impact of climate change.

No description available.

[pt] A Realidade Virtual tem seu uso sendo disseminado em diversas áreas de conhecimento, incluindo o campo da Psicologia. Assim, vem sendo utilizada como método terapêutico e também em pesquisas científicas. Um desses usos no campo experimental se dá em Procedimentos de Indução de Humor, nos quais o indivíduo é inserido no ambiente virtual por meio de um equipamento eletrônico como mediador. Essa dissertação apresenta dois artigos vinculados a essa temática. O primeiro se trata de uma revisão sistemática realizada para explorar a forma em que a Realidade Virtual é utilizada em indução de humor. Nesta revisão encontramos evidências da eficácia da técnica, além de identificarmos o equipamento de Óculos de Realidade Virtual como o mais utilizado, a população universitária como amostra mais comum e a atividade eletrodérmica como medida fisiológica mais frequentemente utilizada para avaliação da indução. O segundo artigo apresenta um estudo empírico com a intenção de investigar a Realidade Virtual na indução de humor e melhora na capacidade interoceptiva. As análises indicaram efeito de interação entre tempo e grupo para atividade eletrodérmica. Tamanhos de efeito moderados a grandes foram observados para maior reatividade emocional negativa e melhor interocepção, sugerindo que com uma amostra maior esses efeitos poderiam ser significativos. Os resultados de frequência cardíaca não apresentaram diferenças significativas. Os resultados apresentados da atividade eletrodérmica indicam sucesso na indução de emoção. O presente estudo se mostra relevante por trazer novos procedimentos e tecnologias para auxiliar nas pesquisas em psicologia, com a Realidade Virtual se mostrando eficaz em estudos de difícil aplicação. O caráter clínico do estudo é reforçado por sua a intenção em melhorar a capacidade cognitiva da interocepção, apresentando indícios da possibilidade de seu uso em tratamentos clínicos, ajudando o indivíduo em eventos com conteúdo emocional, onde a capacidade de identificar e discernir suas emoções e sensações corporais possibilitaria gerar respostas mais adaptativas. / [en] Virtual Reality has been disseminated in several areas of knowledge, including the field of Psychology, for example being used as a therapeutic method and in scientific research. One of these uses as an experimental tool is as a Mood Induction Procedure, in which the individual experiences a virtual environment mediated through electronic equipment. This dissertation presents two articles related to this theme. The first is a systematic review carried out to explore ways in which Virtual Reality can be used as a mood induction procedure. In this review we found evidence for the efficacy of the method, in addition to identifying the Headmounted Display equipment as the most used, college students as the most common sample and electrodermal activity as the most frequently used physiological measure. The second article presents an empirical study investigating Virtual Reality as a mood inductor and how it can be used to promote emotional reactivity and improve interoception. The analyses indicated significant increases for electrodermal activity in an emotional condition elicited by Virtual Reality. Moderate to large effect sizes were observed for negative emotional reactivity and for interoception, which could be significant with a larger sample. Heart rate results did not show significant differences. The presented results of the electrodermal activity indicate successful mood induction. This study is relevant for presenting new procedures and technologies to assist in research in psychology, with Virtual Reality being a potential experimental tool. The clinical character of the study is reinforced by the promising results of the pilot study in relation to interoception, suggesting that Virtual Reality may be employed in clinical treatments, helping subjects to identify and discern their emotions and sensations in emotional situations, which would allow the development of more adaptive responses.

Banco do Nordeste do Brasil / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa AgropecuÃria / AgÃncia do Desenvolvimento do Estado do Cearà / Cearà has about 750 furniture industries, among medium and small. The extraction and the lack of wood to meet demand represent the main problems of the sector. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the development and physiological responses of native tree species and exotic scrub under two water regimes in Baixo - AcaraÃ, CearÃ. The seedlings were grown in plastic pots containing 288 cm3 as carbonized rice husk substrate, carnauba straw chopped and hydromorphic soil volumetric proportion of 3:2:2. The experiment was conducted in Marco Ceara explored in the postharvest area. The species aroeira (Myracroduon urundeuva AllemÃo), acÃcia australiana (Acacia mangium Willd), frei jorge (Cordia trichotoma (Vellozo) ArrÃb. ex Steud.), nim (Azadirachtha indica A. Juss.), jatobà (Hymenaea courbaril L.) mogno africano (Khaya ivorensis A. Chev) e sobrasil (Colubrina glandulosa var. reizzi) were planted at 2x3 m spacing with 15 plants/row. We conducted a fertilization foundation(120 g of NPK (10-28-20) + 30 g of FTE BR 12) and semiannually and fertilizer training (50 g of NPK (10-28-20). The first 12 months the entire area was irrigated by micro which was suspended after this period until the end of the experiment only one side, dividing into two sub (plots), with and without irrigation scheme. Monthly for 36 months held up measurements of height and diameter at breast height (DBH) in 12 plants of the central row of the plot of each species in each treatment, also led physiological evaluations for individuals marked during the dry and rainy season each treatment. The experiment followed a design in repeated measures, in an arrangement with split plots. Acacia species studied stood out over the others reaching a height at 36 months of age of 15,18 m and 14,69 m under irrigation under rainfed conditions . Regarding the DBH at 36 months the acaciaa was superior to the others, but developing - better under irrigated conditions (16,88 cm) than under dryland (15,78 cm). Generally the species showed decreases in conductance, transpiration and photosynthesis when exposed to water deficit, on the other hand proved to be efficient in water use indicating strong stomatal regulation. There were no severe damage to the photosynthetic apparatus of the species. We conclude that the species have the potential to be explored in the soil and climatic conditions of the region. / O Cearà possui cerca de 750 indÃstrias moveleiras, entre mÃdias e pequenas. O extrativismo e a falta de madeira para atender a demanda representam os principais problemas do setor. Diante disso, objetivou-se nesta pesquisa avaliar o desenvolvimento e respostas fisiolÃgicas de espÃcies arbÃreas nativas da caatinga e exÃticas sob dois regimes hÃdricos no perÃmetro irrigado Baixo AcaraÃ, CearÃ. AtravÃs de mudas que foram produzidas em tubetes de 288 cm3 contendo como substrato casca de arroz carbonizada, bagana de carnaÃba triturada e solo hidromÃrfico na proporÃÃo volumÃtrica de 3:2:2. O experimento foi conduzido em AcaraÃ, Cearà em Ãrea experimental conduzida pela Embrapa AgroindÃstria Tropical, com as espÃcies aroeira (Myracroduon urundeuva AllemÃo), acÃcia (Acacia mangium Willd), frei jorge (Cordia trichotoma (Vellozo) ArrÃb. ex Steud.), nim (Azadirachtha indica A. Juss.), jatobà (Hymenaea courbaril L.) mogno africano (Khaya ivorensis A. Chev) e sobrasil (Colubrina glandulosa var. reizzi). Plantadas no espaÃamento 2x3 m em trÃs linhas com 15 plantas/linha. Efetuou-se uma adubaÃÃo de fundaÃÃo (120 g de NPK (10-28-20) + 30 g de FTE BR 12) e semestralmente adubaÃÃo de formaÃÃo (50 g de NPK (10-28-20). Nos primeiros 12 meses toda a Ãrea foi irrigada por microaspersÃo, suspensa apÃs este perÃodo atà o final do experimento somente de um lado, dividindo em duas subÃreas (parcelas), regime irrigado e irrigaÃÃo de salvamento. Semestralmente durante 36 meses procederam-se avaliaÃÃes da altura e diÃmetro a altura do peito (DAP) em 12 plantas da fileira central das espÃcies em cada regime hÃdrico. TambÃm foram conduzidas avaliaÃÃes fisiolÃgicas durante a estaÃÃo seca e chuvosa em cada regime hÃdrico. O experimento seguiu um delineamento em medidas repetidas, em um arranjo com parcelas subsubdivididas. AcÃcia destacou-se em relaÃÃo Ãs demais atingindo altura e DAP aos 36 meses de idade de 15,18 m e 16,88 cm sob irrigaÃÃo e 14,69 m e 15,78 cm sob irrigaÃÃo de salvamento. De modo geral as espÃcies apresentaram decrÃscimos na condutÃncia, transpiraÃÃo e fotossÃntese quando submetidas a dÃficit hÃdrico, por outro lado mostraram-se eficiente no uso da Ãgua indicando forte regulaÃÃo estomÃtica. NÃo foi verificado danos severos no aparato fotossintÃtico das espÃcies. Conclui-se que as espÃcies possuem potencial para serem exploradas nas condiÃÃes edafoclimÃticas da regiÃo.

<p>This study is focused on the design, production, and operation of a controlled environmental olfaction chamber to evaluate human physiological and emotional response to volatile chemical emissions (VCPs) from scented household products in addition to careful characterization of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in these product emissions. Utilizing proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry, the chamber can collect VCP emissions and identify VOCs present to complete an accurate chemical profile of household and common product emissions not previously known. This instrument is one of the first of its kind and will serve as a key element in understanding the relationship between human physical and cognitive health and the built environment.</p>