Neste trabalho, avaliamos como arbustos pioneiros regulam comunidades lenhosas em uma restinga subtropical. Arbustos têm grande capacidade de modificar ecossistemas, pois alteram o fluxo de nutrientes e água do solo, aprisionam sementes transportadas por água ou vento sob suas copas, e oferecem recursos a dispersores. A combinação desses processos leva ao surgimento de ilhas de fertilidade em áreas de vegetação herbácea, aumentando a diversidade local. Interações biológicas são fatores determinantes na coexistência de espécies nessas ilhas arbustivas. Portanto, utilizamos atributos vegetativos de arbustos e distância filogenética média (MPD) entre as espécies para avaliar como a riqueza, a abundância e a diversidade (i.e. Entropia Quadrática de Rao, EQR) são reguladas em moitas de restinga. Também comparamos esses mesmos parâmetros nas áreas de vegetação predominantemente herbácea circundantes às ilhas arbustivas. A fim de entender a estruturação filogenética nesse ambiente, calculamos o net relatedness index (NRI) de cada moita. Nossos dados reforçam a importância de arbustos pioneiros sobre a vegetação de áreas predominantemente campestres devido à sua capacidade de modificar o micro-habitat sob suas copas e pelas interações com espécies que colonizam as ilhas arbustivas. / In this work we tested how pioneer shrubs regulate community structure in woody islands of a subtropical sand-dune (restinga) environment. Shrubby species show a great ability to modify ecosystems, since they change the flux of nutrients and water in the soil, they retain under their crowns seeds carried by water or wind, and the seeds in turn attract new dispersers. The combination of these processes leads to the formation of fertility islands in areas with herbaceous vegetation, increasing the local diversity. Biological interactions are determinant factors in the coexistence of species in these shrubby islands. So we used vegetative traits of shrubs and mean phylogenetic distance (MPD) between species to evaluate how richness, abundance and diversity, i.e., Rao‟s quadratic entropy (RQE), are regulated in sand-dune woody islands. We also evaluated the same parameters in the surrounding areas with predominantly herbaceous vegetation. In order to understand the phylogenetic structuring in this environment we estimated the net relatedness index (NRI) in each woody thicket. Our data reinforce the importance of pioneer shrubs in a matrix of the predominantly open grassland vegetation because of their ability to modify the microhabitat under their crowns and their interactions with other species which colonize the shrubby islands.

This master{\crq}s dissertation is focusing on the history of leisure organizations in our country. The work is only theoretical and is divided into two parts. The first, substantially wider one, deals with the leisure organization Scout. It describes the scouting itself, its world history and founders. Then it dwells on the history of the Czech scoouting from 1911 to 1989, South Bohemian Scouting School and scouting elements. The second, closer part, is devoted to the history of the Pioneer organization. It briefly outlines the world history and coutinues with the description of the Pioneer organization in this country from 1945 to the present. Attached to the dissertation is a Scout Calendar and photographs which exemplify both Scout and Pioneer organizations.

Neste trabalho, avaliamos como arbustos pioneiros regulam comunidades lenhosas em uma restinga subtropical. Arbustos têm grande capacidade de modificar ecossistemas, pois alteram o fluxo de nutrientes e água do solo, aprisionam sementes transportadas por água ou vento sob suas copas, e oferecem recursos a dispersores. A combinação desses processos leva ao surgimento de ilhas de fertilidade em áreas de vegetação herbácea, aumentando a diversidade local. Interações biológicas são fatores determinantes na coexistência de espécies nessas ilhas arbustivas. Portanto, utilizamos atributos vegetativos de arbustos e distância filogenética média (MPD) entre as espécies para avaliar como a riqueza, a abundância e a diversidade (i.e. Entropia Quadrática de Rao, EQR) são reguladas em moitas de restinga. Também comparamos esses mesmos parâmetros nas áreas de vegetação predominantemente herbácea circundantes às ilhas arbustivas. A fim de entender a estruturação filogenética nesse ambiente, calculamos o net relatedness index (NRI) de cada moita. Nossos dados reforçam a importância de arbustos pioneiros sobre a vegetação de áreas predominantemente campestres devido à sua capacidade de modificar o micro-habitat sob suas copas e pelas interações com espécies que colonizam as ilhas arbustivas. / In this work we tested how pioneer shrubs regulate community structure in woody islands of a subtropical sand-dune (restinga) environment. Shrubby species show a great ability to modify ecosystems, since they change the flux of nutrients and water in the soil, they retain under their crowns seeds carried by water or wind, and the seeds in turn attract new dispersers. The combination of these processes leads to the formation of fertility islands in areas with herbaceous vegetation, increasing the local diversity. Biological interactions are determinant factors in the coexistence of species in these shrubby islands. So we used vegetative traits of shrubs and mean phylogenetic distance (MPD) between species to evaluate how richness, abundance and diversity, i.e., Rao‟s quadratic entropy (RQE), are regulated in sand-dune woody islands. We also evaluated the same parameters in the surrounding areas with predominantly herbaceous vegetation. In order to understand the phylogenetic structuring in this environment we estimated the net relatedness index (NRI) in each woody thicket. Our data reinforce the importance of pioneer shrubs in a matrix of the predominantly open grassland vegetation because of their ability to modify the microhabitat under their crowns and their interactions with other species which colonize the shrubby islands.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ecologia populacional da espécie arbórea Solanum Erianthum D. Don em dois remanescentes de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual e verificar a hipótese de que a mesma possui um comportamento de espécie pioneira e colonizadora no início do processo de sucessão nos ecossistemas. Os dois remanescentes de vegetação nativa escolhidos estão inseridos dentro de um contexto de paisagem fragmentada e antropizada, apresentando diferentes níveis de perturbação. As populações foram levantadas através de uma amostragem adaptativa, indicada para espécies que apresentam padrões agrupados de comportamento espacial. Os mosaicos sucessionais onde as populações foram amostradas foram avaliados através da análise silvigênica de desenvolvimento da arquitetura do ecossistema florestal. As duas populações somam 155 indivíduos, sendo uma com 85 indivíduos e uma densidade moderada e outra de 70 indivíduos e uma alta densidade. As densidades avaliadas para nas duas populações parecem estar relacionadas ao histórico de perturbação dos remanescentes a que pertencem. Os 85 indivíduos do remanescente menos perturbado somam uma área amostral de 13.800 m2 distribuídos por todos os 250 ha, em 20 subpopulações da espécie, com uma densidade média de 0,006 ind./m2, sempre em mosaicos sucessionais do início do processo sucessional, porém em diferentes fases da mesma. No remanescente mais perturbado, com uma área de 3 ha, foram amostrados 70 indivíduos em um único grupo de 2.100 m2 e uma densidade média de 0,033 ind./m2. Para a população do remanescente menos perturbado foi possível calcular a densidade por área para a espécie, 11,1 ind. / ha. Os indivíduos das duas populações foram divididos em classes ontogenéticas, que permitiram entender melhor o comportamento da espécie frente aos mosaicos sucessionais da Floresta Estacional Semidecidual Os dados apresentados corroboram com a hipótese de que a espécie desenvolve suas populações através de um padrão comportamental de espécie pioneira e colonizadora, com estrutura espacial agregada e uma alta densidade de indivíduos jovens próximos a indivíduos adultos. / The main purpose of this study is evaluate the population ecology of a tree specie, Solanum erianthum D.Don, in two fragment remnant of Floresta Estacional Semidecidual and compare the date with the pioneer species syndrome on the ecological sucession of ecosystems. The two fragments of vegetation are in the context of fragmented and antropic landscape. The population is sampled with adaptive sampling, which is indicated for species with aggregated spatial structure. The two population have 155 individuals, one population with 85 individuals and moderate density and other population of 70 individuals with higher density. The density evaluated in the two population are related with the perturbation history of the fragments remnant. The 85 individuals of the remnant with less perturbation history are in one sampling area of 13.800 m2, on the 250 ha of the fragment, and distributed in 20 subpopulation groups, with a average density of 0,006 ind./m2. This subpopulations are always present in the sucession of the mosaic patch, in different fases of them. In the fragment remnant with a higher perturbation history, the 70 individuals are sampled in one only group, in 2.100 m2 on the 3 ha of total area of the remnant. The density is this later group is very higher, 0,033 ind./m2, when compared with other sampling population of the fragment remnant with less perturbation history. For this population of the greater fragment, are possible to calculate the density for area to the species, 11,1 ind./ha. All individuals are classified in ontogenetic classes, which make it possible to compare different individuals on the two population and make some observations of characteristics of the species in the sucessional mosaic patchs of Floresta Estacional Semidecidual. Os dados apresentados corroboram com a hipótese de que a espécie desenvolve suas populações através de um padrão comportamental de espécie pioneira e colonizadora, com estrutura espacial agregada e uma alta densidade de indivíduos jovens próximos a indivíduos adultos.

Neste trabalho, avaliamos como arbustos pioneiros regulam comunidades lenhosas em uma restinga subtropical. Arbustos têm grande capacidade de modificar ecossistemas, pois alteram o fluxo de nutrientes e água do solo, aprisionam sementes transportadas por água ou vento sob suas copas, e oferecem recursos a dispersores. A combinação desses processos leva ao surgimento de ilhas de fertilidade em áreas de vegetação herbácea, aumentando a diversidade local. Interações biológicas são fatores determinantes na coexistência de espécies nessas ilhas arbustivas. Portanto, utilizamos atributos vegetativos de arbustos e distância filogenética média (MPD) entre as espécies para avaliar como a riqueza, a abundância e a diversidade (i.e. Entropia Quadrática de Rao, EQR) são reguladas em moitas de restinga. Também comparamos esses mesmos parâmetros nas áreas de vegetação predominantemente herbácea circundantes às ilhas arbustivas. A fim de entender a estruturação filogenética nesse ambiente, calculamos o net relatedness index (NRI) de cada moita. Nossos dados reforçam a importância de arbustos pioneiros sobre a vegetação de áreas predominantemente campestres devido à sua capacidade de modificar o micro-habitat sob suas copas e pelas interações com espécies que colonizam as ilhas arbustivas. / In this work we tested how pioneer shrubs regulate community structure in woody islands of a subtropical sand-dune (restinga) environment. Shrubby species show a great ability to modify ecosystems, since they change the flux of nutrients and water in the soil, they retain under their crowns seeds carried by water or wind, and the seeds in turn attract new dispersers. The combination of these processes leads to the formation of fertility islands in areas with herbaceous vegetation, increasing the local diversity. Biological interactions are determinant factors in the coexistence of species in these shrubby islands. So we used vegetative traits of shrubs and mean phylogenetic distance (MPD) between species to evaluate how richness, abundance and diversity, i.e., Rao‟s quadratic entropy (RQE), are regulated in sand-dune woody islands. We also evaluated the same parameters in the surrounding areas with predominantly herbaceous vegetation. In order to understand the phylogenetic structuring in this environment we estimated the net relatedness index (NRI) in each woody thicket. Our data reinforce the importance of pioneer shrubs in a matrix of the predominantly open grassland vegetation because of their ability to modify the microhabitat under their crowns and their interactions with other species which colonize the shrubby islands.

Orientador: Wilma Peres Costa / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T14:42:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Garcia_DomingosSaviodaCunha_D.pdf: 1020014 bytes, checksum: 766a060108cba79966bc4d01a61b49f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Este trabalho discute a presença belga na fronteira oeste do Brasil entre 1895 e 1914, dialogando com a historiografia que trata desse período acerca da inexistência de ações imperialistas que colocassem em questão a sua integridade territorial. Discutindo o curso dos acontecimentos, destaca como a presença belga foi intensa, com a compra de grandes áreas de terra na fronteira oeste, numa região com fraca presença do Estado brasileiro e que historicamente, desde o período colonial, foi considerada estratégica. Destaca as ligações entre as ações belgas, o desenrolar da disputa pelo território do Acre, rico em borracha, e a evolução da política externa dos Estados Unidos para a América Latina, num momento em que o capitalismo transitava para sua fase imperialista. Aponta como a solução para a Questão do Acre determinou o curso da presença belga na fronteira oeste e assinala ainda a reação do governo brasileiro e as ações que efetuou naquela região a partir desse momento, ligando-a de diferentes formas ao centro político e econômico do país / Abstract: The subject of this thesis refers to Belgian presence in west Brazilian border, between 1895 and 1914, diverging from the historiographical trends which affirm that Brazilian territory did not suffer territorial imperialist actions in the period. It emphasizes how the Belgian presence was intense, with the purchase of big tracts of land in the strategic west Brazilian border region, where the Brazilian state was weak. In order to strenghten its arguments the work points to the connections between Belgian actions and the development of the dispute over the Acre¿s territory, in a context of deep changes in capitalist system and United States policies towards Latin America. This work tries to demonstrate that the solution for the Acre¿s Question ordered the direction of Belgian presence in west border of Brazil. It emphasizes also the actions took by Brazilian government afterwards, in order to connect region to the country¿s economic and political centre / Doutorado / Historia Economica / Doutor em Ciências Econômicas

Hydrothermal wallrock alteration is an important feature of the gold quartz veins of the Pioneer, and Bralorne Mines in the Bridge River district, British Columbia. In the principal host rocks, Bralorne soda diorite and Pioneer greenstone, the alteration is evidenced by bleaching and, to a limited extent, by the formation of a reddish-brown alteration material to a maximum distance of 2 or 3 feet from the vein walls. By microscopic means, the principal alteration minerals are determined to be chlorite, carbonate, sericite, pyrite, and arsenopyrite with some local biotite. In the minor host rocks, Bralorne soda granite and acid dykes, the hydrothermal alteration is not readily apparent to the naked eye. It consists essentially of sericitization although chlorite, biotite, carbonate and pyrite occur in minor quantities. The hydrothermal wallrock alteration in these four host rocks, has caused an increase in carbon dioxide, potash, sulphur and arsenic and a decrease in silica and soda. The above changes in the wallrock, together with the observed mineralogical nature of the veins, is typical of Lindgren's meso thermal mineral deposits. The high temperature minerals, biotite and tourmaline, are formed in minor amounts by mineralizing solutions introduced prior to the depostion of gold. An important feature of the Pioneer-Bralorne Gold Belt is the uniformity of the nature of quartz veins and of hydrothermally altered wallrock over a vertical range of over 3,000 feet. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

There are critics who believe that the real Mark Twain was born in the East, while others say that the frontier made him. I have considered evidence on both sides and have definitely concluded that Mark Twain was and is a product of the frontier.

From the Pioneer Company of 1847 to the completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869, approximately 60,000 Mormon pioneers made the journey from Winter Quarters to the Salt Lake Valley. Although some years have received more attention, every footprint placed on the prairie is part of the epic pioneer story. This thesis examines the major challenges and characteristics of the 1848 Mormon pioneers crossing of the plains. The sacrifices and contributions of the 1848 pioneers are as significant to the legacy of the Mormon westward migration as any other year. In order to explore, develop, and explain the thesis statement, this work includes five chapters. Chapter I: Introduction provides the historical setting of the 1848 Mormon pioneers. Chapter II: The L.D.S migration of 1848 in historical context. Chapter III: The general characteristics of the 1848 Mormon migration. Chapter IV: Relief efforts. Chapter V: Conclusion. The primary evidence for this thesis comes from journals of the 1848 Mormon pioneers. This research has discovered that the 1848 pioneers had the largest company in Mormon pioneer history. It is also the only year that each member of the First Presidency led a pioneer company across the plains. The companies' immense size coupled with insufficient provisions and an unusually dry spring required sacrifice and cooperation. Topics researched include: route and distances traveled, role of women, expressions of devotion, livestock issues, Indian relations, sickness, injury, and death. The 1848 pioneers received significant relief from 1847 migrants, who returned to the trail to assist.

This thesis addresses the deep-rooted systemic issue of food justice, through the development of a Food Security & Sustainability Hub in Northampton, Massachusetts. As part of the thesis process, I initiated engagement with local stakeholders and organizations using established practices of public interest design. This included a series of meetings and site visits with the leaders of a nonprofit social justice farm in Northampton, MA. These conversations shaped the project scope and design. In doing so, the thesis project tested ideas about social process and the overarching role of discourse in design. My hope is that through thoughtful analysis and engagement through the lens of a real project, I can contribute to this ongoing conversation and inform future pursuits.