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By listening to peoples' constructed stories of special places, the average person begins to understand why and how attachments to places form. This study concerns the attachments residents of Isle au Haut, Maine possess on the remote island, which borders part of Acadia National Park. The purpose of this study is to uncover social components of both place attachment and place identity among island residents as well as explain the process by which those residents form attachments. Twelve interviews were conducted both on Isle au Haut as well as nearby Mount Desert Island. Qualitative data were collected from a purposive sample of island residents and National Park Service employees who are responsible for managing the park on the island. In-depth interviews were the sole means of data collection and provided detailed stories of life on the island and attachments that have formed. This study uses grounded theory techniques in data analysis to ultimately form a theory grounded in the collected data. The findings from this study indicate that social interaction is key to residents forming an attachment to Isle au Haut. Further, three major social constructs emerged from the data analysis. Those constructs are sense of community, shared purpose, and shared history, all of which were found to contribute to place identity and place attachment among the residents. The results also suggest place identity as more salient than place dependence in residents' narratives concerning their attachment to the island. / Master of Science

The Finnafjörður harbour project rests on the idea that shipping routes in the Arctic will become navigable in the following decades. Located on the northeast corner of Iceland, the place is considered a suitable location for a trans-shipment harbour in the future to service Arctic marine traffic. The project would have considerable societal, natural, and economic consequences on the local community, which counts little more than 500 residents. The aim of this thesis is to explore residents’ attitudes towards the Finnafjörður harbour project in relation to sense of place and place based memories by asking how different views and attitudes of Langanesbyggð’s residents towards the Finnafjörður harbour project relate to changes in their sense of place, and how memories of a place form part of resident’s attitudes towards the project. The thesis employs a qualitative research strategy where semi-structured in-depth interviews are conducted with eleven residents of Langanesbyggð. The findings demonstrate different attitudes towards the project, which relate to changes in both the social and the physical environment. Furthermore, the role of memory is significant in shaping residents’ attitudes towards the project. The thesis addresses the voices of local communities, which have been largely neglected in Arctic studies to this day.

Bakgrund: Det är intressenterna som tillsammans samskapar platsvarumärket, dock har invånarnas betydelse i sammanhanget hittills inte uppmärksammats. Relationen mellan Kalmar kommun och invånarna påverkar platsens kultur, image och platsidentitet. Dessa element är sammanvävda och utgör platsvarumärket, vilket innebär att varumärkning bör ses som en dynamisk företeelse. Kalmar kommun saknar dock riktlinjer över hur de ska involvera invånarna i varumärkesarbetet, så att de tillsammans kan forma och förmedla ett attraktivt Kalmar.   Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är dels att undersöka hur invånarna kan relateras till platsens kultur, platsidentitet och image, vilka utgör platsvarumärket. Dels att föreslå riktlinjer gällande hur Kalmar kommun ska involvera invånarna i kommunens varumärkesarbete.   Metod: Studien bygger på fallstudie av Kalmar kommuns varumärkesarbete. Metoden utgörs av dels en kvalitativ studie med intervjuer och dels på en kvantitativ studie med enkäter.   Resultat, slutsatser: Invånarna har tre övergripande roller såsom att de är medborgare med ett demokratiskt inflytande vilket utstrålar platsens kultur, de är ambassadörer av platsen vilket innebär att de kan ge avtryck på andras images och de är även en integrerad del av varumärket Kalmar då de utnyttjar stadens utbud i form av kommunens service samt bidrar med liv till staden i form av puls. Riktlinjer för hur invånarnas roller ska integreras i varumärkesarbetet presenteras i form av förslag till hur kommunen kan använda elektroniska medier för att skapa en interaktiv kommunikation.

It is increasingly important for cities to attract visitors, potential new residents and businesses. Jönköping is one of the cities working with place marketing, a strategy that intends to mediate a positive image of the city, in order to accomplish just that. People often have a need to preserve the memory of a trip into something tangible. Anyone visiting Jönköping encounters a souvenir choice, much like the one in many other cities. Linked to the idea of positive place marketing, our work aims to investigate how we as product developers can create a product that en¬hances the image of Jönköping based on the thought that all residents are con¬sig¬nors. Accordingly, we develop three different products from the residents' own image of the city. Our research questions are: Based on the photographs, what image of Jönköping do the ambassadors mediate of their own city? As designers, what in Jönköping's history versus the image of Jönköping today, can we seize in order to give products for visitors a sense of authenticity? As designers, how can we use knowledge of place branding in the development of souvenirs? We performed interviews within three different aspects: history, souvenirs and place branding, all focused on the city of Jönköping. The interviews and a work-shop formed the basis for the further design process. This work has resulted in three products: the matchbox Det nya Jönköping i en historisk förpackning, highlights an important part in the city's history and becomes a conversation piece. Lek dig genom Jönköping want to show visitors what the city offers, and distinguish it from others, from the on-site. Detaljerna gör staden is an every¬day object and function can get residents to begin to discover the details of their own city. Through the use of knowledge and theories of place branding and souvenirs, we would argue that we have found a way to actually catch the residents' image of the city in a number of products. We also believe that it would be able to apply this type of project in other locations to create more authentic and at the same time innovative souvenirs. / Det blir allt viktigare för städer att locka till sig besökare, potentiella nya invånare och näringsliv.  Jönköping är en av de städer som arbetar med plats­marknads­föring, en strategi som handlar om att förmedla en positiv bild av staden, i syfte att åstadkomma just detta. Människor har ofta ett behov av att bevara minnet av en resa i något materiellt. Den som besöker Jönköping möts av ett souvenirutbud likt det i många andra städer. Kopplat till idén om positiv platsmarknadsföring syftar vårt arbete till att undersöka hur vi som produktutvecklare kan skapa en produkt som stärker bilden av Jönköping utifrån tanken om att alla stadens invånare är avsändare. I detta tar vi fram tre förslag på produkter utifrån Jönköpingsbornas egen bild av staden. Våra frågeställningar är: Utifrån fotografierna, vilken bild av Jönköping förmedlar ambassadörerna av sin egen stad? Vad kan vi som designers ta till vara på i Jönköpings historia kontra bilden av dagens Jönköping för att ge produkter avsedda för besökare autenticitet? På vilket sätt kan vi som designers använda kunskaper inom place branding vid utveckling av souvenirer? Vi har genomfört samtalsintervjuer utifrån tre olika aspekter: historia, souvenirer och platsmarknadsföring, alla med fokus på staden Jönköping. Intervjuerna och en workshop låg till grund för den fortsatta designprocessen. Arbetet har resulterat i tre produkter: tändsticksasken Det nya Jönköping i en historisk förpackning, lyfter fram en viktig del i stadens historia och blir en conversation piece. Spelet Lek dig genom Jönköping vill visa besökaren vad staden erbjuder och särskiljer den från andra, under tiden den används på plats. Underläggen som namngetts Detaljerna gör staden har en tydlig vardagsfunktion och kan få in­vån­ar­na att börja upptäcka detaljer i sin egen stad. Genom att använda oss av kunskaper och teorier inom place branding och souve­nirer vill vi hävda att vi har hittat en väg för att faktiskt fånga Jönköpings­bornas bild av staden i ett antal produkter. Vi tror också att man skulle kunna applicera denna typ av projekt på andra platser för att skapa mer autentiska och samtidigt nyskapande souvenirer.

Basée sur une recherche-intervention effectuée dans le cadre d’une thèse CIFRE au sein l’association « Auvergne Nouveau Monde » (ANM), l’objectif de cette thèse consiste à identifier, comprendre et évaluer les déterminants sur lesquels repose la participation des parties prenantes (PP) à la démarche de marketing territorial de la marque de territoire ANM. Ressaisis dans les champs de la démocratie participative et du marketing territorial, les enjeux de la participation des PP d’une marque de territoire sont explicités ainsi que leurs fondements conceptuels. Puis, le terrain de recherche et la démarche méthodologique d’étude (7 études) sont exposés : cette dernière est constituée, d’un travail de contextualisation de la participation des PP de la démarche d’ANM (1, 2, 3, 4) puis, d’une étude qualitative réalisée auprès de 25 entretiens d’adhérents de l’association (5), et, enfin, du test par l'approche PLS (Partial Least Squares) de deux modèles d’équations structurelles (études 6 (adhérents) et 7 (ambassadeurs citoyens auvergnats)) des déterminants de la participation des PP de la marque ANM à la démarche de marketing territorial mise en œuvre. Enfin, les résultats de la validation des deux modèles d’équations structurelles (295 répondants) sont présentés puis discutés afin d’en délimiter les apports, les limites, les implications managériales et les perspectives de recherche. Les résultats obtenus démontrent que l’attachement à la marque ANM a une influence positive sur la participation des PP étudiées ; corrélativement, les résultats indiquent que cet attachement à la marque est influencé positivement par le sentiment d’appartenance régionale, l’implication organisationnelle (adhérents) et la satisfaction à l’endroit de l’association ANM porteuse de la marque. / Based on a research-intervention carried out as part of a CIFRE thesis within the association "Auvergne Nouveau Monde" (ANM), the objective of this thesis is to identify, understand and evaluate the different determinants on which lies the participation of the stakeholders in the place marketing process of the "ANM" brand of territory. In order to do this, in a first part, in the fields of participatory democracy and place marketing, the meaning, scope and stakes of the participation of the stakeholders of a brand of territory are explained as well as their conceptual foundations. Then, in a second part, the field of research and the methodological approach to study the participation of the stakeholders of the brand "Auvergne Nouveau Monde" are exposed: the latter consists, first, of a contextualization work on the participation of stakeholders in the ANM place marketing approach and then, secondly, of a qualitative study carried out through 25 interviews with members of the association ANM, and, thirdly, the PLS (Partial Least Squares) approach to two models of structural equations (a model for the members of the ANM association and a model for the brand ambassadors, citizens of Auvergne) of the determinants of the participation of ANM brand stakeholders in the implemented place marketing approach. In a third part, the results of the validation of the two structural equation models of the determinants of participation based on a total sample of 295 respondents are presented and then discussed in order to delineate both the inputs, limitations, managerial implications and research prospects. The results show that attachment to the ANM brand has a positive influence on the participation of the stakeholders studied; correspondingly, the results indicate that this attachment to the brand is positively influenced by the feeling of regional belonging, organizational involvement (for members) and satisfaction with the ANM brand association

Vi lever i en allt mer globaliserad värld som medfört en ökad frihet för individer att röra sig mellan länder, regioner, städer, byar eller landsbygder. Det har bidragit till att individer kan tillskriva sig flera identiteter utifrån upplevelsen av olika kulturer och platser. Individens identifiering med en plats kan ha betydelse för hur hen ser på att flytta ifrån platsen till en ny plats. Syftet med studien är att få en förståelse för om och hur individer som inte är födda i Sverige identifierar sig med olika geografiska platser där de bott, hur det anknyter till deras identitet och vilken betydelse det kan ha för att byta boendeort i Sverige. Det empiriska materialet har samlats in genom åtta djupintervjuer med individer som inte är födda i Sverige men som är bosatta i landet. Resultatet visar att individerna inte identifierar sig med sina nuvarande bostadsorter framförallt eftersom de saknar ett arbete och identifierar sig som immigranter. De har en kulturell bakgrund med sig och majoriteten har fortfarande en stark förankring med sina födelseländer vilket har format deras identitet, samtidigt som de försöker förhålla sig till den nya kulturen. Samtliga intervjupersoner uppger att de är beredda att flytta ifrån sina nuvarande bostadsorter om de får ett arbete någon annanstans eftersom de inte ser en framtid där på grund av avsaknaden av arbete. Utifrån deras beskrivningar kan det tolkas som att de har svagare band och en svagare förankring till sina nuvarande bostadsorter, och att det inte finns några motstånd eller hinder för hur de förhåller sig till att flytta. Det är något som kan gynna kompetensförsörjningen i de norra delarna av Sverige där det finns ett stort behov av arbetskraft till följd av de stora företagsetableringar som sker. / We are living in an increasingly globalized world that has led to an increased freedom for individuals to move between countries, regions, cities, villages, or rural areas. It has contributed to individuals being able to attribute multiple identities based on the experience of different cultures and places. The individual’s identification with a place can have an impact on how he or she feels about moving from that place to a new place. The aim of the study is to contribute to a deeper understanding of whether and how individuals who were not born in Sweden identify themselves with different geographical locations where they have lived, how it relates to their identity and what significance it may have to change place of residence in Sweden. The empirical material has been collected through eight in-depth interviews with individuals who live in Sweden but who were not born in Sweden. The result shows that the individuals do not identify themselves with their current places of residence, primarily because they are unemployed and because they feel and identify themselves as immigrants. They have a cultural background and the majority have strong ties with their native countries which has shaped their identity and they try to relate to the new culture. All interviewees state that they are prepared to move from their current places of residence if they get at job elsewhere because they do not see a future where they live today due to the lack of work. Based on their descriptions, it can be interpreted that they have less ties and attachment to their current places of residences, and that there is no resistance or obstructions in how they relate to move to a new place. This is something that the northern parts of Sweden can consider in their working process with attracting labor because of the large company establishments in the area.

<p>In the United States, poverty has been historically higher and disproportionately concentrated in the American South. Despite this fact, much of the conventional poverty literature in the United States has focused on urban poverty in cities, particularly in the Northeast and Midwest. Relatively less American poverty research has focused on the enduring economic distress in the South, which Wimberley (2008:899) calls “a neglected regional crisis of historic and contemporary urgency.” Accordingly, this dissertation contributes to the inequality literature by focusing much needed attention on poverty in the South. </p><p>Each empirical chapter focuses on a different aspect of poverty in the South. Chapter 2 examines why poverty is higher in the South relative to the Non-South. Chapter 3 focuses on poverty predictors within the South and whether there are differences in the sub-regions of the Deep South and Peripheral South. These two chapters compare the roles of family demography, economic structure, racial/ethnic composition and heterogeneity, and power resources in shaping poverty. Chapter 4 examines whether poverty in the South has been shaped by historical racial regimes.</p><p>The Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) United States datasets (2000, 2004, 2007, 2010, and 2013) (derived from the U.S. Census Current Population Survey (CPS) Annual Social and Economic Supplement) provide all the individual-level data for this study. The LIS sample of 745,135 individuals is nested in rich economic, political, and racial state-level data compiled from multiple sources (e.g. U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Agriculture, University of Kentucky Center for Poverty Research, etc.). Analyses involve a combination of techniques including linear probability regression models to predict poverty and binary decomposition of poverty differences. </p><p>Chapter 2 results suggest that power resources, followed by economic structure, are most important in explaining the higher poverty in the South. This underscores the salience of political and economic contexts in shaping poverty across place. Chapter 3 results indicate that individual-level economic factors are the largest predictors of poverty within the South, and even more so in the Deep South. Moreover, divergent results between the South, Deep South, and Peripheral South illustrate how the impact of poverty predictors can vary in different contexts. Chapter 4 results show significant bivariate associations between historical race regimes and poverty among Southern states, although regression models fail to yield significant effects. Conversely, historical race regimes do have a small, but significant effect in explaining the Black-White poverty gap. Results also suggest that employment and education are key to understanding poverty among Blacks and the Black-White poverty gap. Collectively, these chapters underscore why place is so important for understanding poverty and inequality. They also illustrate the salience of micro and macro characteristics of place for helping create, maintain, and reproduce systems of inequality across place.</p> / Dissertation

Attributable to the legacy of modernism, within the Western world there exists a widespread and as-yet unresolved sense of detachment from place; our contemporary, globalized condition has given rise to a visually-biased, alienating architecture lacking in meaningful, human connections to site or context, relying all too often upon the abstract projections of the distant and objective architect rather than on the realities of needs and experience. Whilst the field of environmental psychology (within which the topic of place has been widely researched) has suggested theoretical solutions, few practical methods for the translation of relevant findings into strategies for the generation of place and attachment have been developed. Following a literature review, this thesis identifies two key place-related theories which address the characteristics and psychological impact of the physical environment (Attention Restoration Theory (Kaplan, 1995) and Canter’s place theory (1977)); in binding these theories to architectural practice, the author offers a strategy capable of aiding the successful understanding and creation of place. Providing an architectural brief to which this study responds, the practice-based element of this research focuses upon the context of North Lands Creative Glass, in Lybster, Caithness. Through a personal account of the impact of place and its manifestation within the author’s works in glass, mixed media and on paper, this thesis proceeds to promote an honest, haptic narrative between the architect and the realities of context and experience; in doing so, it illustrates how an architecture conducive to a sense of place and attachment could be understood and created successfully.

How do people listen to soundscapes in the built environment? Current soundscape research within urban planning disciplines tends to focus on measuring outdoor spaces in the built environment by interviewing the people within. This thesis, by contrast, followed individual listeners, using a qualitative, Grounded Theory methodology, examining listening preferences and habits across multiple environments. This approach gave a broad range of reactions to different soundscapes, from homes to workplaces to bars, clubs, and places of worship. This thesis reviews various soundscape epistemologies, methodologies, and methods, and argues that we need a stronger theoretical understanding of all these elements. It questions what is being measured, and how people are measuring it. The thesis suggests some ways qualitative and quantitative research can work together more effectively, and move soundscapes from the current multidiciplinary research landscape to a truly interdiciplinary one. In defining the soundscape as ‘the listener's perception of their auditory surroundings’, I shift the focus from measuring people's evaluation of spaces, to evaluating people themselves. This leads to a radically new empirical approach and theoretical description of the soundscape, using social science methods to build thick description of listening habits. Twenty people were given audio recorders and log books, and asked to record their day-to-day lives for two weeks. They were then interviewed about their experiences. The main finding was that soundscapes are not noticed most of the time, with participants seeming to have a ‘noticing threshold’: affected by factors such as control, expectation, and activity. Soundscapes which were noticed fell into one of four categories: positive--loud, positive--quiet, negative--loud or negative--quiet, with different judgement criteria for each. Participants were also highly adept at using coping mechanisms, such as recorded music and TV, to counteract undesirable sound environments.