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351	Le chant dans les monastères cisterciens de l’Europe francophone (1521-1903) : enquête sur les livres de chœur imprimes et manuscrits / Singing in the cistercian monasteries of french-speaking Europe (1521-1903) : investigation into the choir books printed and manuscripted Boschiero-Trottman, Marie-Luce 25 November 2014 (has links) Entre 2008 et 2011, l’inventaire des livres liturgiques de 51 communautés cisterciennes de l’Europe francophone a mis en lumière un fonds unique de Graduels et d’Antiphonaires de choeur, tant manuscrits qu’imprimés, parus entre la Renaissance et le début du XXe siècle. Ces ouvrages constituent le corpus principal de cette thèse dont l’objectif est d’en interroger le contenu au regard de l’histoire de l’Ordre cistercien, mais aussi de l’évolution du chant ecclésiastique. La périodisation est définie en fonction des bornes suivantes : le terminus a quo (1521) correspond à la première impression d’un livre de choeur cistercien et son terminus ad quem (1903) est celui de la publication du dernier ouvrage de ce format au sein de cet Ordre spécifique. L’étude est menée selon trois axes : analyse codicologique ; philologie des traces d’usage introduites au cours des âges ; approche musicologique d’un échantillon d’Offices liturgiques (Office de la Dédicace et Office votif du Sacré-Coeur) / Between 2008 & 2011, a general inventory of the liturgical books of 51 Cistercian communities in Francophone Europe allowed the highlighting of one fund of several 10th of choir graduals and antiphonaries, both manuscripts & printed, from the Renaissance period to the beginning of the XXth century. These works constitute the main body of this thesis aimed to examine the content relating to the history of the Cistercian Order, but also the general evolution of ecclesiastical chant. Periodization of this work is defined according to the following terminals: the terminus a quo (1521) is the first impression of a Cistercian choir book and terminus ad quem (1903) is the publication of the last book of this size in this specific Order. The study is conducted along three axes: codicological analysis; philology traces of use introduced in these books over the ages; musicological approach of a sample of specific liturgical Offices (Office of the Dedication and votive Office of the Sacred-Heart) Ordre de Cîteaux Règle de saint Benoît Liturgie régulière Observances Plain-chant cistercien Chantres Livres de choeur imprimés Manuscrits Notés au pochoir Exode trappiste Office divin de la Dédicace Office votif du Sacré-Coeur Spécificité Identité Tradition Innovation Cistercian Order Rule of St. Benedict Regular liturgy Observances Cistercian plainchant Choirmasters Printed Trappist’s exodus Divine Office of the Dedication Votive Office of the Sacred-Heart Specificity Identity Tradition Innovation
352	Les enfants de chœur des maîtrises du centre de la France : les institutions capitulaires d’éducation et leurs élèves aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles / choirboys of Maîtrises in the center of France : capitular education institutions and their students in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries Mailhot, Bastien 07 November 2014 (has links) Dans la France moderne des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, chapitres cathédraux et collégiaux entretiennent, pour la plupart et depuis l’époque médiévale, une maîtrise capitulaire. Structures de formation originales parallèles aux institutions scolaires classiques et jouant un rôle important dans la liturgie et la musique de ces églises, la maîtrise accueille un nombre variable d’enfants qui, au terme d’un cursus de sept à dix ans au cours duquel ils ont reçu un enseignement général et une solide formation musicale, sont orientés vers la prêtrise, la carrière de musicien, ou aidés dans l’apprentissage d’un métier. Cette étude prend pour cadre géographique un large centre de la France regroupant huit anciens diocèses de manière à obtenir un panorama le plus complet possible de ces institutions originales et de ce groupe social à part entière d’un immense intérêt historique car au croisement d’une multitude d’enjeux tant économiques et sociaux que culturels, liturgiques et musicaux. / In modern France of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, cathedrals and collegiate chapters maintain, for the most part and since medieval times, a choirboy school (maîtrises capitulaires). Parallel structure to the classic’s educational institutions and plays an important role in the liturgy and music of these churches, the maîtrise welcome a variable number of childrens who, after a course of seven to ten years in which they received a general education and a solid musical training, are oriented toward the priesthood, the musical career, or help in learning a trade. This study takes a broad framework for geographical center of France involving eight former dioceses in order to obtain the largest view possible of these original institutions and of these social group full of immense historical interest as the intersection of a multitude of both economic and social, cultural, liturgical and musical issues. Maîtrise capitulaire Psallette Enfants de chœur Histoire de l'éducation Enseignement Histoire de la musique Musique d'église Chant d'église Plain-chant Chant sur le livre Musicien d'église Liturgie Prêtrise Cérémonie Cérémonial Histoire sociale Histoire culturelle Époque baroque Ancien Régime Collégiale Cathédrale Chapitre Chanoine Centre de la France [néant]
353	Repair and Retrofit Strategies for Structural Concrete against Thermo-Mechanical Loadings Guruprasad, Y K January 2014 (has links) (PDF) Reinforced cement concrete (RCC) structures have become an important aspect in most of the buildings in our society around the world. Most of the multistoried reinforced concrete buildings house important institutions such as hospitals, schools, government establishments, defense establishments, business centers, sports stadiums, super markets and nuclear power plants. The cost of construction of such multistoried RCC structures is very high, and these structures need to be maintained and restored based on their functionality and importance using repair and retrofit strategies when these structures undergo damage. The steps involved in restoring RCC structures that have damages using repair / retrofit measures consists of identifying the source or cause of damage, assessment of the degree or extent of damage that has taken place using nondestructive techniques. Based on the assessment of degree of damage suitable repair / retrofit strategy using the appropriate repair material is applied to achieve the required load carrying capacity or strength. The present work involves assessing the efficacy of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) based system applied on pre-damaged structural members to restore the member’s strength and stiffness through experimental investigations and finite element predictions. To validate the macrolevel properties of predamaged concrete micromechanical analysis, microscale studies and analytical investigations have been conducted. Plain and reinforced concrete test specimens: cylinders, square prisms and rectangular prisms having 25MPa and 35MPa cylinder compressive strengths pre-damaged due to mechanical (monotonic and cyclic loading) and thermal loading (exposure to different temperature and time durations) with applications of CFRP repair subjected to compression is investigated to study the behavior and enhancement in the compressive strength and stiffness after application of repair. Non destructive testing of thermally damaged concrete (exposed to different temperature and exposure time) is conducted using ultrasonic pulse velocity and tomography methods to understand the degradation in the strength and stiffness of thermally damaged concrete. The results of the non destructive testing helps in assessing the amount of repair that can be applied. To validate the macro scale behavior of thermally damaged concrete micro scale studies was performed adopting micro indentation, petrography, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron miscroscopy (SEM) and Electron probe micro analysis (EPMA). During the event of a fire in RC structures which have been retrofitted. The high temperature caused due to fire tends to make the concrete to deteriorate and the repair material to delaminate. Loss of strength/ stiffness in concrete and delamination of the repair material in a retrofitted structural component in a structure causes instability which results in partial collapse or complete collapse of the structure. Thermal insulation of concrete and the repair material (CFRP) using geo-polymer mortar and simwool thermal fibre blanket exposed to high temperature and different exposure time are experimentally investigated. This is to evaluate the effectiveness of the thermal insulation in protecting epoxy based structural repair material(CFRP) from thermal damage and to minimize the delamination of the repair material when exposed to high temperatures. Slender columns when loaded eccentrically fail at a load much lesser than their actual load carrying capacity. In RC buildings where additional floors need to be added, in those situations slender columns which are already eccentrically loaded tend to get damaged or fail due to additional load which act on them. Therefore to restore such columns experimental and finite element investigations on reinforced concrete slender columns having 25MPa cylinder compressive strength subjected to eccentric monotonic compressive loading with applications of CFRP repair is studied to understand the behavior and the enhancement in load carrying capacity after application of repair. Experimental investigations are conducted to study fracture and fatigue properties of thermally damaged concrete geometrically similar notched plain and reinforced concrete beams having 25MPa cylinder compressive strength exposed to different combinations of temperature and durations with application of repair (CFRP). Nonlinear fracture parameters of thermally damaged concrete is computed which help in understanding the fracture behavior of thermally damaged concrete and application of repair. Effectiveness of CFRP repair and failure behaviour of these beams are studied when these thermally damaged notch concrete beams are subjected to monotonic and cyclic (fatigue) loading. Reinforced concrete slender beams when subjected to unexpected loads such as earthquakes get damaged. The increase in load carrying capacity and fatigue life of reinforced concrete slender beams having 25MPa cylinder compressive strength in flexure subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading with applications of CFRP repair is investigated using experimental and finite element investigations. Finite element analysis of concrete specimens pre-damaged due to mechanical (monotonic and cyclic loading) / thermal loading (exposure to different temperature and time durations) with applications of CFRP repair and assessment of amount of repair required is investigated. Analytical (empirical) models are developed to assess the mechanical properties of concrete (elastic moduli, compressive strength and split tensile strength) exposed to different temperatures and time durations. Nonlinear fracture parameters of geometrically similar plain concrete notch beams exposed to different temperature and time durations are determined. Fracture parameters (stress intensity factor) of thermally damaged plain and reinforced concrete notched beams with application of CFRP have been determined. Effect of size and shape of thermally damaged plain concrete compression members with application of CFRP wrap have been studied. Crack mouth opening displacements (CMOD), strains and crack lengths of thermally damaged plain concrete (PC) notched beams using digital image correlation has also been determined. Thermo-Mechanical Loadings Structural Concrete Reinforced Cement Concrete Structures Concrete - Structural Analysis Reinforced Concrete Concrete - Analysis Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Concrete - Finite Element Analysis Plain Concrete Concrete Structures Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) CFRP Repair Cyclic Loading High Temperature on Concrete Civil Engineering
354	Pharmacist educational outreach for improved primary care of asthma in children Bheekie, Angeni January 2001 (has links) Doctor Pharmaceuticae - DPharm / Underdiagnosis and undertreatment of asthma in children are barriers to optimal health care delivery and health, incurring substantial costs to both the families and health services. A tailored multifaceted educational outreach intervention ("academic detailing") was designed and implemented among private sector general practitioners (GPs) serving a poor working class urban community in Cape Town, South Africa. The intervention aimed to improve primary care childhood asthma by promoting the adoption of guideline-based key messages. The effectiveness of the intervention was tested in a randomised controlled trial, Chestiness and Asthma in Mitchell's Plain (CHAMP) (Zwarenstein 1999). This thesis describes the design, implementation and qualitative evaluation of the outreach intervention. Methods Qualitative interviews and quantitative sample surveys were conducted among GPs to identify and measure the prevalence of perceived barriers to optimal asthma care in children. A trained pharmacist visited GPs twice, promoting eight evidence-based primary care messages to overcome barriers to optimal care for asthma in children. The messages focused on key diagnostic indicators, a treatment algorithm based on severity, cost of drug therapies, inhaler and spacer use, and preventive treatment. These messages were formatted into attractive promotional material. The first visit promoted use of the messages, the second reinforced adoption in routine practice and assessed GPs' responses using unobtrusive qualitative data collection methods. The dialogue was tailored to each GP's needs. Results Thirty-two GPs received the intervention. All but one consented to both visits. At the first visit responses were varied. A few GPs were confused or suspicious; most were in agreement with the messages but seemed passive towards implementation; a few were keen to adopt the messages into their routine practice. Response at first visit was not predictive of use as assessed at the second. At the second visit, most GPs claimed that they personally agreed with and used the messages, with a large minority less enthusiastic. Conclusion The intervention appears to have been broadly accepted as evident from GPs' acceptance of the outreach pharmacist, but reports of complete adoption of the messages and use of the kit were less prevalent. This finding is consistent with and helps to explain the improved health outcomes of children with asthma in the CHAMP trial. The combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods was effective in identifying and assessing GPs' barriers. Further, the combination helped to confirm the determinants for the intervention. Unobtrusive qualitative methods provided valuable insight into GP behaviour in routine setting. Additional studies conducted in public sector pnmary care settings and for other diseases are needed to confirm the wider acceptability and effectiveness of multifaceted outreach interventions aimed at improving professional practice. Such an intervention in our study setting seemed successful for childhood asthma. Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) Allergy Society of South Africa (ALLSA) World Health Organisation (WHO) Bronchial asthma Cardiac asthma
355	Průzkum a hodnocení mostu na dálnici D2 / Survey and Assessment of highway D2 Bridge Výpustek, Libor January 2013 (has links) This thesis deals with the exploration and evaluation of the existing bridge carried him on the highway D2. The work is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part focuses on the technical surveys, diagnosis of building structures and some methods of investigation and testing of building structures. In the practical part the visual inspection and diagnosis of disorders of the highway bridge substructures ev. No. D2-058, to determine material characteristics substructure and evaluate the state of the bridge. In conclusion, the practical part of the recommendations for the design and method of repairing the bridge.
356	Promítání kamerou typu "rybí oko" / "Fisheye" Camera Projection Macík, Pavel January 2008 (has links) The thesis describes theoretical fundamentals of optics and problems of ray-tracing method, ray-triangle intersection computation included. Next section describes concept of three different camera models for ray-tracing method - plain camera, pinehole camea and spherical camera (fish-eye). The thesis comparse properties and capabilities of camera models and their effect to projected image of a scene. The program for raytracing was implemented for purposes of the thesis including implementation of camera models described in the thesis.
357	In Defense of Ugly Women Nyffenegger, Sara Deborah 13 July 2007 (has links) (PDF) My thesis explores why beauty became so much more important in nineteenth-century Britain, especially for marriageable young women in the upper and middle class. My argument addresses the consequences of that change in the status of beauty for plain or ugly women, how this social shift is reflected in the novel, and how authors respond to the issue of plainer women and issues of their marriageability. I look at how these authorial attitudes shifted over the century, observing that the issue of plain women and their marriageability was dramatized by nineteenth-century authors, whose efforts to heighten the audience's awareness of the plight of plainer women can be traced by contrasting novels written early in the century with novels written mid-century. I argue that beauty gained more significance for young women in nineteenth-century England because the marriage ideal shifted, a shift which especially influenced the upper and middle class. The eighteenth century brought into marriage concepts such as Rousseau's "wife-farm principle" the idea that a man chooses a significantly younger child-bride, mentoring and molding her into the woman he needs. But by the end of the century the ideal of marriage moved to the companionate ideal, which opted for an equal partnership. That ideal was based on the conception that marriage was based on personal happiness hence should be founded on compatibility and love. The companionate ideal became more influential as individuality reigned among the Romantics. The new ideal of companionate marriage limited parents' influence on their children's choice of spouse to the extent that the choice lay now largely with young men. Yet that choice was constrained because young men and women were restricted by social conventions, their social interaction limited. Thus, according to my reading of nineteenth-century authors, the companionate ideal was a charade, as young men were not able to get to know women well enough to determine whether or not they were compatible. So instead of getting to know a young woman's character and her personality, they distinguished potential brides mainly on the basis of appearance. gender studies nineteenth century nineteenth-century British literature nineteenth-century British novel female appearance beauty plain women marriageability marriage market female authors Maria Edgeworth Jane Austen Charlotte Bronte Elizabeth Gaskell Wilkie Collins Pride and Prejudice The Absentee Jane Eyre Villette Wives and Daughters The Woman in White English Language and Literature
358	Braided Stream Sedimentation In The South Saskatchewan River Cant, Douglas J. 12 1900 (has links) <p> In the study area, the South Saskatchewan River has a sandy bed (mean diameter .3mm) with irregularly-shaped braid bars termed sand flats. These range in length from 50 to 2000 m. The river has an average discharge of 220m^3/sec, with a mean annual flood of 1450 m^3/sec. The river has been dammed upstream of the study area since 1965, but little downcutting has occured. </p> <p> Ripples, sand waves and dunes are the equilibrium bedforms present . Ripples and dunes are well known , but sand waves are long , low bedforms with superimposed ripples, lack scour troughs, and occur at lower flow velocities than dunes . Foreset-type bars are also present , but are not equilibrium forms . They result from flow expansion around older topography. They occur at (1) channel junctions, (2) channel bends, (3) areas of channel widening, (4) places of vertical flow expansion . They deposit planar crossbeds. </p> <p> Large areas of the river have many sand flats with no major channels, and may even lack minor channels. These areas are termed sand flat complexes. Where a major channel curves around a sand flat complex, a large diagonal bar is deposited. It is mainly on the tops of these bars where new sand flats form. </p> <p> The major channels rarely exceed 5 m in depth, but may be 150m wide. They are floored by sinuous-crested dunes with sand waves and ripples along their margins. The dunes build up during floods (2 m maximum amplitude). Large dunes occur in the deeper channels. </p> <p> Three different morphologies of small sand flats, symmetric, asymmetric and side, have been recognized. Each type forms from a bar which becomes partly immobilized where it becomes emergent. The remainder of the bar front continues to advance around this emergent nucleus. The different morphologies result because of the control exerted by preexisting deposits on the shape of the initial bar. </p> <p> Larger sand flats lack these morphologies because they have been extensively modified. The major processes of modification are vertical, lateral, and upstream accretion by bars; linking of sand flats by bars; erosional action. The variable morphologies of larger sand flats reflect only their latest modification. The stratification of sand flats is mainly planar crossbed sets deposited by the bars. </p> <p> During the winter, a 60cm thick layer of ice covers the entire system. The sand flats are immobilized because their top layers of sediments are frozen. In some places, their surfaces are disrupted by fluid escape caused by high pore pressures generated by freezing. Flow proceeds down the channels under the ice. Rafting of cobbles and scouring around grounded ice blocks takes place at breakup. </p> <p> The facies sequences resulting from sedimentation in the river are mainly sandy. Those which are deposited by channels consist dominantly of trough crossbeds, but lone planar crossbed sets may be present, deposited by large bars. Facies sequences which include sand flat deposits have several sets of planar crossbeds stacked on top of one another. All sequences have a zone of small crossbeds and ripple cross-lamination near the tops, resulting from shallow water deposition. They are capped by one-half metre of muddy flood-plain deposits. </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
359	The Spatial Relationship Between Septic System Failure and Environmental Factors in Washington Township, Marion County, Indiana Hanson, Brian L. 04 1900 (has links) Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Underground septic systems thrive or fail based on the relationship with their local environment. This paper explores ways environmental variables such as soil type, tree roots, degree of slope, and impervious surfaces affect on-site wastewater treatment systems. It also discusses the effects each of these variables may have on a septic system, and the resulting impact a compromised system may have on the surrounding environment. This research focuses on an approximately 20 square mile area of central Washington Township in Marion County, Indiana. This area of central Indiana contains a large septic system owning population in a sampling of different environments such as wooded areas, hilly areas, and a variety of different soil types. septic system septic failure soil type tree roots slope degree of slope impervious surfaces environment environmental variables environmental factors on-site wastewater treatment system Washington Township Marion County Broad Ripple LiDAR Tree Canopy soil processed soil Miami Crosby Brookston Genesee Hennepin flood plain outwash glacial till parcel property parcel septic tank effluent drain field biomat percolation drainage water table sewage run-off pollution nutrient pollution nitrogen phosphorus body of water home owner
360	Rehabilitation of Exterior RC Beam-Column Joints using Web-Bonded FRP Sheets Mahini, Seyed Saeid Unknown Date (has links) In a Reinforced Concrete (RC) building subjected to lateral loads such as earthquake and wind pressure, the beam to column joints constitute one of the critical regions, especially the exterior ones, and they must be designed and detailed to dissipate large amounts of energy without a significant loss of, strength, stiffness and ductility. This would be achieved when the beam-column joints are designed in such a way that the plastic hinges form at a distance away from the column face and the joint region remain elastic. In existing frames, an easy and practical way to implement this behaviour following the accepted design philosophy of the strong-column weak-beam concept is the use a Fibre Reinforced Plastic (FRP) retrofitting system. In the case of damaged buildings, this can be achieved through a FRP repairing system. In the experimental part of this study, seven scaled down exterior subassemblies were tested under monotonic or cyclic loads. All specimens were designed following the strong-column weak-beam principal. The three categories selected for this investigation included the FRP-repaired and FRP-retrofitted specimens under monotonic loads and FRP-retrofitted specimen under cyclic loads. All repairing/retrofitting was performed using a new technique called a web-bonded FRP system, which was developed for the first time in the current study. On the basis of test results, it was concluded that the FRP repairing/retrofitting system can restore/upgrade the integrity of the joint, keeping/upgrading its strength, stiffness and ductility, and shifting the plastic hinges from the column face toward the beam in such a way that the joint remains elastic. In the analytical part of this study, a closed-form solution was developed in order to predict the physical behaviour of the repaired/retrofitted specimens. Firstly, an analytical model was developed to calculate the ultimate moment capacity of the web-bonded FRP sections considering two failure modes, FRP rupture and tension failure, followed by an extended formulation for estimating the beam-tip displacement. Based on the analytical model and the extended formulation, failure mechanisms of the test specimens were implemented into a computer program to facilitate the calculations. All seven subassemblies were analysed using this program, and the results were found to be in good agreement with those obtained from experimental study. Design curves were also developed to be used by practicing engineers. In the numerical part of this study, all specimens were analysed by a nonlinear finite element method using ANSYS software. Numerical analysis was performed for three purposes: to calculate the first yield load of the specimens in order to manage the tests; to investigate the ability of the web-bonded FRP system to relocate the plastic hinge from the column face toward the beam; and to calibrate and confirm the results obtained from the experiments. It was concluded that numerical analysis using ANSYS could be considered as a practical tool in the design of the web-bonded FRP beam-column joints. Reinforced concrete Reinforcement Bar strong-column weak-beam principal Exterior Beam-Column Joints Core Small scale modelling Experimental Test set-up Control Plain specimen Rehabilitation Retrofitting retrofitted Repair Repaired Repairing Strengthening Controlling Relocating Plastic hinge Pre-cracking Cracking Crushing Post-cracking Crack Cracked Penetration Damaged Pre-cracked Web-Bonded Wrapping De-bonding Fibre Reinforced Plastic FRP Sheets Composite Confinement Monotonic loads Cyclic loading Loads Displacement control Load control Regime Phase Loading sequence Procedure Available ductility factor Curvature ductility factor Ultimate First yield Flexural yielding Strength Moment Stiffness Failure mechanism Modes Sudden Brittle failure Measured beam-tip displacement Deflection Numerical analysis ANSYS Solid65 Solid45 Link8 Non-linear Finite Element (FE) Convergence criteria Analytical Closed from FRP rupture tension failure Compression failure Minimum thickness Maximum thickness Compressive Tensile Steel Ratio Design charts Effective Moment of Inertia Compatibility Strain Stress

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