Background: The problem of increasing amounts of food packaging waste especially in Germany leads to the challenge of how to minor waste by using no packaging in order to listen to environmental-conscious generation y consumers. This is why retailers need to understand the factors impacting the purchase intention and thus, need to act in higher extend in terms of a preventive sustainable approach. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to examine the purchase intention of German generation y consumers towards packaging-free products. An extended Theory of Planned Behavior forms the theoretical foundation to investigate which factors are influencing the purchase intention the most. In addition to the original TPB factors attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control, the research model was extended by two new factors, namely environmental concern and barriers. Method: Through an explanatory research method, the data was collected in a quantitative online survey based on a sample of 422 respondents. In order to investigate the relationships among the factors and to further support or reject the study’s hypothesis, the data was analyzedby using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and simple and multiple regression. Finally, to determine differences among groups additional tests have been conducted. Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed new insights about predictors of the purchaseintention: German consumers’ intention is mainly impacted by their attitude, followed by thefactor barriers, and perceived behavioral control, whereas subjective norms do not. Further, the other newly added factor environmental concern indirectly impacts the purchase intention through attitude. Moreover, the importance of including new added factors to the original TPB model is shown as the extended TPB model has improved its power in explaining German generation y’s purchase intention towards packaging free. By that, the respondents of this studyare highly environmental concerned and overall intent to purchase packaging-free products in mainstream grocery stores, oats and milk respectively. This study’s results provide valuable insights for marketers of German mainstream grocery stores who are interested in selectively integrating packaging-free shopping to their stores.

Overview: Pregnant women living with obesity are at increased risk of pregnancy complications, with risks rising as Body Mass Index (BMI) increases. Midwives are willing to support women with managing their gestational weight gain but lack confidence and access to supporting resources. In the UK there are no interventions that aim to change the intention and behaviour of midwives, to support women with managing their gestational weight gain. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) (Ajzen, 1985) was utilised to frame the design of a behaviour change intervention for midwives. This three-phase study conducted a qualitative needs assessment, intervention design, and a quantitative study of, intervention testing. Methods: Phase One: Interview data were thematically analysed and the TPB utilised to elicit participants’ salient beliefs, to inform intervention design. Phase Two: The design of the intervention, and the TPB scale, were informed by Phase One data. Midwives reviewed the intervention and participated in a pilot test of the scale. Phase Three: The intervention was tested in a before-and-after controlled trial, utilising the refined TPB scale. Results: Phase One: 4 key themes emerged: 1)The current state of affairs 2) Perspectives on an intervention: what may work 3) Influences on uptake and successful weight control 4) Taking things forward. Phase Two: An intervention to facilitate the involvement of community midwives in supporting weight management for pregnant women living with obesity; a booklet about weight management in pregnancy; and a TPB scale were designed. Recommendations from midwives were integrated into the final intervention resource, and pilot testing of the scale led to refinement for use in phase 3. Phase Three: Midwives in the intervention group increased their intention to offer weight management support to pregnant women living with obesity. Furthermore, midwives in the intervention group increased actual weight management support for pregnant women living with obesity, after participating in the intervention. Conclusions: This study made a unique contribution to new knowledge by developing and testing a novel intervention that was underpinned by health psychology theory, which increased the intention and behaviour of community midwives to support pregnant women living with obesity, with managing their gestational weight gain.

SOUSA, Emanuela Maria Possidônio de. A intenção comportamental no contexto do trânsito: uma análise a partir da Teoria da Ação Planejada. 2015. 120f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia, Fortaleza (CE), 2015. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-08-26T13:23:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_empsousa.pdf: 2447641 bytes, checksum: 17559f0f7d8ce3592f3c61e6b179b40d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-08-28T14:13:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_empsousa.pdf: 2447641 bytes, checksum: 17559f0f7d8ce3592f3c61e6b179b40d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-28T14:13:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_empsousa.pdf: 2447641 bytes, checksum: 17559f0f7d8ce3592f3c61e6b179b40d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Esse estudo teve por objetivo predizer a intenção comportamental de motoristas considerando as variáveis da Teoria da Ação Planejada. Para tanto, estruturaram-se dois estudos. No Estudo 1, elaborou-se a Escala de Comportamentos no Trânsito; e no Estudo 2, testou-se a influência das atitudes, das normas subjetivas e da percepção de controle na intenção. No primeiro estudo, procederam-se com três etapas empíricas. Na primeira, realizou-se levantamento dos comportamentos infratores descritos no Código de Trânsito Brasileiro e distribuíram-se aleatoriamente as infrações em cinco tipos de questionários, contando com 44 itens em cada versão. Em seguida, procedeu-se a coleta de dados, que contou com 271 pessoas da população geral de Fortaleza (CE), com idades entre 18 e 80 anos (m = 34,7; dp = 13,8), a maioria homens (53,2%), solteiros (48,3%) e condutores de carro (69,7%), que responderam a versão preliminar da escala. Perguntou-se aos condutores se conheciam as situações descritas e com que frequência aconteciam em Fortaleza, utilizando uma escala de 5 pontos (1 = Nunca a 5 = Sempre); caso o participante não entendesse o item, deveria marcar “Não entendo” (opção “0”). As análises foram efetuadas no SPSS. Avaliou-se o poder discriminativo dos itens e calculou-se a frequência de respostas, agrupando-as em: “Baixa Frequência” (respostas de 0 a 2) e “Alta Frequência” (respostas de 3 a 5). Desse modo, consideraram-se para a próxima etapa apenas os itens que apresentaram poder discriminativo e “Alta Frequência” acima de 50%. Na etapa II, revisou-se o conteúdo dos itens selecionados anteriormente e realizou-se uma análise de juízes. Ao final dessas avaliações, foram mantidos 49 itens (40 referentes a comportamentos de motoristas de carro e de motocicleta, 4 específicos de carro e 5 específicos de motocicleta). Na etapa III, participaram 248 usuários do Facebook, a maioria entre 18 e 25 anos (58,2%), mulheres (53,7%), solteiras (77,0%) e condutoras de carro (76,6%). Para as análises, foram consideradas apenas as respostas dos motoristas de carro, devido ao reduzido número de participantes das outras categorias de habilitação. Calcularam-se as estatísticas descritivas e realizou-se Teste t de Student (poder discriminativo dos itens). Os resultados indicaram que 24 itens discriminaram significativamente os grupos critérios. Ademais, os valores do KMO e do Teste de Esfericidade de Bartlett foram satisfatórios. Realizou-se uma análise de Componentes Principais, com rotação oblimim, considerando os critérios de Kaiser e Cattell. Constatou-se estrutura de dois fatores (comportamentos infratores e prossociais no trânsito). No Estudo 2, participaram 226 pessoas da população geral de Fortaleza (CE), com idades entre 18 e 86 anos (m = 31,07; dp = 11,72), a maioria homens (66,1%), solteiros (60,5%), com ensino superior completo (37,8%) e condutores de carro (60,5%). Os resultados demonstraram que a percepção de controle foi o preditor mais significativo da intenção. Não obstante algumas limitações, ressalta-se que os objetivos foram alcançados, sendo propostos estudos futuros que contribuam para a predição dos comportamentos dos motoristas.

Den här studien belyser hur fritidslärare definierar, uppfattar och arbetar med utomhuspedagogik. Vi upplever en viss otydlighet vad gäller utomhuspedagogiken - handlar det om styrda eller ostyrda aktiviteter eller kanske både ock? Syftet med studien är att nå en förståelse för hur fritidslärare arbetar med utomhuspedagogik och därigenom synliggöra deras uppfattningar om lärandet både vad gäller styrd och ostyrd verksamhet ute. Vi har intervjuat sex fritidslärare. Studiens resultat visar att fritidslärarna har liknande arbetsmetoder och definitioner av utomhuspedagogik. Detta tror vi beror på att de alla gått samma utbildning på universitet, vid olika år, och ett kollegialt samarbete där samma metoder används. Fritidslärarnas uppfattningar är att både i de styrda och ostyrda aktiviteterna utomhus finns ett lärande. I de styrda aktiviteterna finns planerade mål med verksamheten som eleverna ska uppnå medans de ostyrda aktiviteterna ger måluppfyllelse och utveckling utan att det är planerat. Genom den oplanerade utomhusvistelsen gäller det att fritidslärare fångar upp de tillfällen som ges till lärande utan att detta planerats i förväg. / This study illustrates how teachers define, perceive and work with outdoor education. We are experiencing some uncertainty regarding outdoor education - is it about planned or unplanned activities or a combination of both? The purpose of the study is to clarify the understanding of how teachers work with outdoor education and thereby visualize there opinion about learning by planned or unplanned activities. We have interviewed six teachers. The study's results show that teachers have similar working methods and definitions of outdoor education. This we believe is due to the fact that they all have had the same education at universities, at different years, and collegial cooperation using the same methods. Teachers' perceptions are that both planned and unplanned outdoor activities are positive for learning. In the planned activities there are certained goals wich the students will achieve while the unplanned activities also provide goal fulfillment and development although not being planned. Through the unplanned outdoor activity, it is important that the teachers capture the upcoming opportunities and guide the student without this being planned in advance.

Master of Science / Hospitality Management and Dietetics / Kevin R. Roberts / Many pathogenic microorganisms are spread by contaminated hands and may lead to foodborne illness. The use of hand sanitizers can significantly reduce bacterial contamination and is an efficient and inexpensive method to prevent infections and sickness. Previous researchers have found that the routine use of hand sanitizers allowed the U.S. Army to significantly reduce illness. However, few studies have been conducted within a U.S. Army dining facility, which is considered to be one of the primary sources of foodborne illness within the U.S. Army. Therefore, using the Theory of Planned Behavior, the purpose of this study was to identify the behavioral intention, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceptions of control of using hand sanitizer among military personnel. The study targeted soldiers using a written survey during their lunch hour on the U.S. Army base at Fort Riley, KS. A total of 201 surveys were collected. All data were screened and entered into IBM SPSS for analysis. Results indicated that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control explained 64% of the variance in behavioral intention. Attitude and subjective norms were found to be significant predictors of behavioral intention, with attitude being the strongest predictor. In general, behavioral beliefs were positive among soldiers. Related to normative beliefs, soldiers did perceive negative social pressure from other soldiers not to use hand sanitizers. Analysis of control beliefs found soldiers perceived hand sanitizers were readily available, but disliked their smell and feel after application. Food production managers and Army commanders can use these results to implement hand sanitation behavioral interventions within military dining environments. Practical implications will likely translate to reduced healthcare costs, decreased absenteeism rates, and improved mission readiness. Some of the limitations include commonly perceived social psychology bias. Further, clustered samples were collected within one military installation in a relatively short amount of time.

abstract: Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College at Arizona State University recently adopted a "technology infusion" approach to prepare teacher candidates (TC) to integrate technology into their instruction and meet the International Society for Technology in Education Standards for Teachers (ISTE Standards*T) by infusing technology integration approaches into methods courses. At the onset of the technology infusion approach, one important ISTE Standard-T was neglected in the curriculum--that is, digital citizenship (DC), i.e., the responsible, legal, and ethical use of technology. To address this problem of practice, a suite of teaching materials and support services was created, the Technology Infusion Support System (TISS), to help instructors effectively teach DC. The suite consisted of four online modules on essential DC topics including copyright/fair use, digital footprint/social media, acceptable use policies, and responsible student behavior. The support component consisted of ongoing just-in-time support from a technology integration specialist, an instructor's guide, and a resource folder. This mixed methods action research study was conducted to examine: DC instruction by those who used the TISS and the influence of DC instruction on TC's intention to promote and model DC in their future classrooms. With respect to the second objective, the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) guided study efforts. Participants included teacher education faculty members who taught DC in technology-infused methods courses, their students, and the technology infusion specialists who provided ongoing support to instructors throughout the duration of the study. Data gathered included survey data, observations, focus group interviews, instructor interviews, and researcher journal entries. Results suggested the TISS was a useful intervention in a college using a technology infusion approach. Course instructors provided consistent instruction on a topic outside of their area of expertise. Further, there was a significant increase in the students' intention to promote and model DC in their future classrooms. The discussion focuses on explaining: the effectiveness of DC instruction; how instruction in DC changes students' intentions to promote and model DC; and the usefulness of the TPB model in understanding how attitudes toward DC, and perceived behavioral control, i.e., efficacy, influence intention to promote and model DC. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Leadership and Innovation 2015

abstract: Los Angeles, California and Phoenix, Arizona are two naturally water-scarce regions that rely on imported water to meet their local water needs. Both areas have been experiencing an ongoing drought that has negatively affected their local water supply. Populations in both cities continue to grow, increasing overall demand for water as the supply decreases. Water conservation is important for the sustainability of each town. However, the methods utilized to conserve residential water in the two areas differ drastically; Los Angeles has implemented involuntary water rationing and Phoenix has not. The widespread effectiveness of involuntary restrictions makes them a popular management scheme. Despite their immediate effectiveness, little is known about how involuntary restrictions affect attitudinal precursors towards the behavior in question and thus, whether or not the restrictions are potentially helpful or harmful to lasting behavior change. This study adapted the Theory of Planned Behavior to survey 361 homeowners in Los Angeles and Phoenix to examine how involuntary water restrictions shape attitudinal precursors to outdoor water conservation. This study found that when involuntary water restrictions are present, residents feel less in control of their outdoor water use. However, in the presence of involuntary water restrictions, stronger social norms and stronger support for policy prescriptions over outdoor water use were found. The favorable societal support towards water conservation, conceptualized as social norms and policy attitudes, in the presence of involuntary water restrictions is potentially promising for lasting behavior change. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Sustainability 2016

abstract: Increasingly, wildfires are threatening communities, forcing evacuations, damaging property, and causing loss of life. This is in part due to a century of wildfire policy and an influx of people moving to the wildland urban interface (WUI). National programs have identified and promoted effective wildfire mitigation actions to reduce wildfire risk; yet, many homeowners do not perform these actions. Based on previous literature and using the theory of planned behavior (TPB), this study proposes an integrated wildfire mitigation behavioral model to assess and identify the factors that influence homeowners’ wildfire mitigation behaviors. Specifically, the study tests the validity of the theory of planned behavior as a foundational model in exploring wildfire mitigation behaviors, develops and empirically tests a wildfire mitigation behavioral model, and explores the role of homeowner associations (HOA) on wildfire mitigation behaviors. Structural equation modeling was used on data collected from homeowners with property in the WUI in Prescott, Arizona. Results suggest TPB provides an acceptable model in describing homeowner wildfire mitigation behavior. For HOA residents, attitudes toward wildfire mitigation behaviors play an important role in predicting intentions to perform these behaviors. Additionally, perceived constraints directly influenced actual mitigation actions. For non-HOA residents, subjective norms influenced intentions to mitigate. Implications for research and local wildfire mitigation programs and policy are discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Community Resources and Development 2016

Submitted by Messias Alessandro Cardoso (messias_cardoso20@hotmail.com) on 2018-07-25T17:24:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão Final-Dissertação de Mestrado-Geografia- Messias_Cardoso-2018.pdf: 4994067 bytes, checksum: 4a71ecdb592bb53adb7be463fb2c50ca (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ALESSANDRA KUBA OSHIRO ASSUNÇÃO (alessandra@fct.unesp.br) on 2018-07-26T12:04:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cardoso_ma_me_prud.pdf: 4994067 bytes, checksum: 4a71ecdb592bb53adb7be463fb2c50ca (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-26T12:04:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cardoso_ma_me_prud.pdf: 4994067 bytes, checksum: 4a71ecdb592bb53adb7be463fb2c50ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Neste texto, procuramos revelar a face oculta do agrohidronegócio canavieiro sob o recorte analítico do EDR de Araçatuba, localizado na região noroeste do estado de São Paulo, enfatizando, o momento atual de reestruturação produtiva, técnica e do trabalho no setor, que vem impondo o flagelo do desemprego a milhares de trabalhadores com a mecanização do corte de cana-de-açúcar e, subjugando aos que permanecem empregados a exorbitante intensificação do trabalho. De modo geral, o principal objetivo dessa pesquisa foi revelar as ações e estratégias do agrohidronegócio canavieiro, sob o prisma da mobilidade territorial do trabalho no EDR de Araçatuba, com o propósito de entender as relações e os impactos sobre as condições de vida e trabalho dos trabalhadores migrantes no corte de cana-de-açúcar. Como queremos demonstrar, o agrohidronegócio canavieiro está encimado no discurso do desenvolvimento, da geração de emprego e renda para os trabalhadores, entretanto seus desdobramentos concretos não atentam para melhoria de vida das populações mais pobres, e nem de longe este é seu objetivo, portanto ao invés de ser a “salvação da lavoura” brasileira, este modelo de produção destrutiva, organizada sob os ditames do sistema do capital, encontra-se completamente tolhido em sentido para os trabalhadores. Nestes termos, o sistema do capital utiliza como trunfo territorial, o processo de mobilidade territorial do trabalho, tendo em vista fazer uso da força de trabalho nos territórios mais rentáveis ao capital. Portanto, é possível dizer, que ao invés de uma decisão livre, o direito de migrar se converte em obrigação compulsória pela sobrevivência: “ir e vir”, longe de ser um ato de liberdade, acaba sendo, a revelação do desespero, de quem se vê pressionado pela necessidade de sobreviver. Ademais, toda apologia do sistema, ao direito à liberdade espacial, desmorona-se e se mostra insustentável teoricamente, pois a liberdade espacial, sob o jugo da lógica do capital é, apenas uma noção fantasiosa, um mero termo do discurso burguês. A grande maioria da população, especialmente os setores condenados à exclusão social, deixam suas terras e suas famílias não por um ato livre, mas por motivos de vida ou morte. Está em jogo a própria sobrevivência. Daí nossa insistência em que ao direito de ir e vir corresponde o direito de “ficar” e poder vivenciar seus territórios e escolhas de maneira digna. / In this paper, we aim to reveal the hidden face of sugarcane agrohydrobusiness under the analytical view of the EDR of Araçatuba, located in the northwest of São Paulo state, emphasizing the current moment of workforce, technical and productive restructuration in this sector, which has been imposing the unemployment plague to millions of workers due to the mechanization of sugarcane cutting and subjugating the ones remaining employed to excessive intensification of work. In general, the aim of this research was to reveal the actions and strategies of the sugarcane agrohydrobusiness from the point of view of territorial mobility at the EDR of Araçatuba, intending to understand the relations and impacts over the life and work conditions of migrant workers in sugarcane cutting. As we intend to prove, the sugarcane agrohydrobusiness is supported by the discourse of development, job and income creation to workers, even though, its concrete deployments do not focus on the improvement of life to poorer populations, and it is far beyond its objective, thus, instead of being the “salvation of plantation “to Brazil, this destructive production mode, organized under the dictates of the Capital System is found hindered in sense to workers. This way, the capital system uses as territorial trump, the territorial mobility process, aiming to use the workforce in the most profitable territories to the capital. Thus, it’s possible to state that, instead of a free decision, the right to migrate becomes a compulsory obligation in order to survive: “going” and “coming”, it is far from being a free action, it ends up being the despair revelation from people who find themselves pressured for the need to survive. In addition, all the apology of the system to the right of spatial mobility collapses and becomes theoretically impossible, once the spatial mobility, under the rational capital view, is just an imaginative, a mere term of bourgeois discourse. The largest part of population, especially the sector condemned to social exclusion, leaves the lands and families not as a free action but as a life or death issue. Survival is at check. That is the reason of our insistence about the right of coming and going regards to the right of “remain” and experience the territories and choices in a dignified way. / FAPESP: 2015/04464-7

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:09:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 10002262 bytes, checksum: 076b1398c610f993f356d94a37cd0774 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work shows (a) how the urban extensions covering 50 or more hectares contributed to the physical growth of João Pessoa, the capital of Paraíba, Brazil, between 1913 and 1953, and (b) that they generated most of the urban and suburban fabric that was added to the town in that period of time. It analyzes in depth these additions, treating aspects such as features of the site, layout characteristics and integration between the layout and the nearby tissues. Such a study had not been conducted yet and is essential for the local urban history. The theoretical basis of the dissertation is the analysis of over twenty large extensions planned in Europe and the Americas which it presents. The method adopted for the carrying out of the most relevant part of the study of the additions was the morphological analysis of their layout. Seven extensions added 770 hectares to the town between 1913 and 1953, which is over 50% of its overall extension in that period. Curiously the two extension plans which were not implemented were just those designed by two famous Brazilian town-planners: Saturnino de Brito and Nestor de Figueiredo. / Esta dissertação mostra (a) como as expansões planejadas com 50 ou mais hectares contribuíram para o crescimento físico da capital paraibana entre 1913 e 1953 e (b) que foram elas a origem da maior parte do tecido urbano ou suburbano agregado à cidade nesse período. Ela analisa com profundidade essas ampliações, tratando as-pectos como traços geográficos do sítio planejado, características do traçado e seu nível de integração com os tecidos adjacentes. Tal estudo não havia sido feito ainda e é essencial para a história urbanística de João Pessoa. O alicerce teórico da disserta-ção é o exame que ela fez de mais de vinte grandes expansões projetadas na Europa e nas Américas até 1910. O método adotado para a realização da parte mais relevante do estudo das expansões foi a análise morfológica dos seus planos. Sete grandes am-pliações agregaram 770 hectares à cidade entre 1913 e 1953, o que é mais da metade da expansão total dela nesse intervalo. Dois planos de expansão não se concre-tizaram, exatamente os concebidos por dois urbanistas respeitados: Saturnino de Brito e Nestor de Figueiredo.