The thesis deals with energy-saving plumbing systems. It is divided into three parts: task analysis, applications theme on the building and experiment. In the first part are described the possibilities of saving water and energy in the plumbing systems. The second part contains a comparison of some variants of saving solution water supply system and sanitary drainage system at the hotel. Part of the experiment investigates the water consumption for washing hands in addiction: the pressure in the water supply system and the type of mixing valves.

<p>Significant seasonal changes in chemical and microbiological water quality can occur in buildings at different fixture locations due to temperature and time dependent reaction rates. Here, a series of calibrated plumbing hydraulic-water quality models were developed for the extensively monitored Retrofitted Net-zero Energy, Water & Waste (ReNEWW) house in West Lafayette, Indiana USA. Knowledge gaps that inhibited higher resolution water quality modeling were also identified. The eight new models predict the absolute level of free chlorine, total trihalomethanes (TTHM), Cu (Copper), Fe (Iron), Pb (lead), NO₃^–(nitrate-nitrogen), heterotrophic plate count (HPC), and <i>Legionella spp.</i> concentration at each fixture for plumbing use, operational characteristics, and design layouts of the plumbing system. Model development revealed that the carrying capacity to describe Legionella spp. growth (and other organisms) under water usage and plumbing design conditions is lacking in the literature. This information needed for higher resolution modeling. Reducing building water use by 25% prompted increased absolute concentrations of HPC and Legionella, each increasing by a factor of about 10⁵. When the service line length was increased, Legionella spp. concentrations increased by up to 10⁶gene copies /L in the Summer season. The proposed modeling framework can be used to support better planning, design, analysis, and operational decision-making.</p>

Sustainability has been heightened to a new level of importance, due to the current global race for commodities and conservation of our environment. Sustainable Buildings are of particular interest since buildings are significant contributors to consumption of resources. Since the inception of the United States Green Building Council (USGBC) in 1993, USGBC has played a key role in providing guidance to the design and construction community in building“green" structures. The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system is an industry accepted standard for the design/construction and measurement of green buildings. Although USGBC provides guidance on performance measurement, a streamlined process of performance tracking and measurement has not been formalized. This research focuses on identifying vital areas of required tracking and measurement; to allow for a systematic analysis of costs and benefits, over the life of sustainable buildings. A case-study based on the recently designed and constructed East Hall LEED-Gold Certified, dormitory building at Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), was undertaken to create and assess a life cycle costs analysis framework. This research is aimed at understanding what the costs of building green at WPI truly are. Life Cycle Cost Analyses of the mechanical, electrical, plumbing and roof components were evaluated to generate percent savings or percent added cost. This research reviewed the various green and non-green costs of construction, consumption, and operations and maintenance costs providing a comparative analysis to leading researchers in the field of costs and benefits of building green.

published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

La particularité de l’Oldoinyo Lengai à émettre des laves natrocarbonatitiques fait de ce volcan un laboratoire naturel pour l’étude de la genèse de ces magmas. De nouvelles mesures isotopiques en hélium nous ont permis de constater que la signature des fumerolles est constante depuis 1988 malgré le changement morphologique considérable du cratère sommital lors de la dernière éruption subplinienne de 2007-2008. L’alternance des éruptions explosives et effusives n’engendre donc aucune modification majeure dans l’organisation du système hydrothermal qui est par conséquent profondément enraciné. Les xénolites cogénétiques qui ont été émis lors de l’éruption de 2007-2008 permettent d’étudier directement les processus magmatiques qui se déroulent dans la chambre magmatique active. La comparaison des signatures isotopiques des gaz rares (hélium) de la chambre magmatique et des volcans silicatés de la région d’Arusha montre que les deux types de magmatisme ont une source analogue identifiée comme un manteau lithosphérique subcontinental préalablement métasomatisé par des fluides asthénosphériques. De plus, ces signatures isotopiques confirment l’absence de contaminations crustale lors de la remontée du magma entre le manteau source et la surface. Une description pétrographique de détail couplée à une approche thermobarométrique, ainsi qu’à la détermination des modèles de solubilité des volatils dans les liquides phonolitiques, nous a permis d’identifier l’évolution du liquide dans la chambre magmatique et ses paramètres de stockage. Les résultats nous révèlent que le magma injecté en 2007 a une composition phonolitique et des teneurs élevées en volatils (3.2 wt.% de H2O et 1.4 wt.% de CO2) ainsi qu’une température d'environ 1060° C. Ce magma évolue ensuite dans la chambre magmatique crustale se trouvant à 11.5±3.5 km de profondeur jusqu’à atteindre une composition de néphélinite et une température de 880°C. Pendant sa différenciation, le magma silicaté s’enrichit en calcium, sodium, magnésium et fer alors que sa concentration en silice, potassium et aluminium décroit. Ces résultats concordent avec les précédents relatifs à cette éruption, ou aux produits volcaniques plus anciens émis tout au long de la vie du volcan. Cette similarité suggère qu’aucun changement majeur n’ait eu lieu dans l’organisation de la plomberie du volcan Oldoinyo Lengai au cours de son évolution. Les mesures en éléments traces (REE, HFSE et LILE) dans les minéraux cristallisés lors de cette séquence de différenciation, et les inclusions magmatiques associées montrent un enrichissement pouvant atteindre de 100 à 1000 fois la composition du manteau primitif. Une étude expérimentale préliminaire s’appuyant sur la composition du liquide de recharge (phonolite) et les conditions (P, T) identifiées pour la chambre magmatique nous a permis de reproduire l'immiscibilité entre un liquide silicaté et carbonatitique, processus à l’origine de la formation des carbonatites de l’Oldoinyo Lengai. La poursuite de ces travaux expérimentaux permettra de mieux contraindre la genèse des magmas carbonatitiques et ainsi comprendre les processus en jeux dans l’enrichissement en éléments traces des magmas carbonatitiques / The uniqueness of Oldoinyo Lengai to emit natrocarbonatite lavas makes this volcano a natural laboratory to study the genesis of these magmas. New helium isotopic data permit to assert that the signature of the fumaroles has been constant since 1988 despite the radical morphological change of the summit crater after the last sub-Plinian eruption in 2007-2008. The alternation of the effusive and explosive eruptions does not cause major modifications in the hydrothermal system architecture, which is inferred to be deeply rooted. Cognate xenoliths that were emitted during the eruption in 2007-2008 represent a unique opportunity to document the igneous processes occurring within the active magma chamber. The comparison between the noble gas (helium) isotopic compositions of the active magma chamber and those of the other silicate volcanoes of the Arusha region indicates that both types of magmatism have similar sources, identified as being a typical sub-continental lithospheric mantle, which was previously metasomatized by asthenospheric fluids. Moreover, these isotopic signatures confirm that no crustal contamination has occurred during the magma ascent from the mantle to the surface. Detailed petrographic descriptions coupled to a thermo-barometric approach, and to the determination of volatile solubility models for a phonolite composition, allow us to identify the melt evolution at magma chamber conditions and the storage parameters. These results indicate that the magma injected in 2007 has a phonolitic composition and contains a high amount of volatiles (3.2 wt.% H2O and 1.4 wt.% CO2) as well as a temperature around 1060° C. This magma subsequently evolved in the crustal magma chamber located at 11.5 ± 3.5 km depth until reaching a nephelinite composition and a temperature of 880°C. During the differentiation in the magma chamber, the silicate magma is enriched in calcium, sodium, magnesium and iron, whereas the content of silicate, potassium and aluminum decreases. Our results support previous studies related to this eruption, and are similar to the historical products emitted during the whole volcano history, permitting the suggestion that no major modification in the plumbing system has occurred during the Oldoinyo Lengai evolution. The trace elements (REE, LILE and HFSE) measured in the minerals and melt inclusions reveal a concentration reaching 100 to 1000 times the primitive mantle composition. A preliminary experimental study based on the recharge melt composition (phonolite) and identified magma chamber conditions (P, T) permits to reproduce the immiscibility between silicate and carbonatite liquids, key processes at the origin of the Oldoinyo Lengai carbonatites. The continuation of this experimental study will lead to a better comprehension of the carbonatite genesis, thus improving our understanding of the processes that are responsible for the enrichment in trace elements

Orientador: Marina Sangoi de Oliveira Ilha / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T21:41:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gnipper_SergioFrederico_M.pdf: 8224325 bytes, checksum: 04186a60ef4b9f83deeb75fca0ae6c62 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Os sistemas prediais hidráulicos e sanitários (SPHS) vêm comparecendo com relevante frequência em resultados de levantamentos de manifestações patológicas. Em geral, as patologias de maior incidência não envolvem sérios riscos à vida ou à saúde, mas podem causar aborrecimentos e desconforto decorrentes dos sintomas comuns de suas manifestações. Contudo, algumas patologias podem propiciar a propagação de microorganismos potencialmente patogênicos dentro dos próprios componentes, como os causadores de legioneloses e da síndrome respiratória severa aguda. Este quadro mostra a importância de um método adequado para a investigação, supressão e prevenção desse gênero de patologias. Existem métodos formulados para a investigação de patologias construtivas genéricas nas edificações, mas que não incorporam etapas e recursos importantes para a adequada solução de problemas frequentes nos sistemas prediais hidráulicos e sanitários, como a ênfase na sintomatologia e o exame detalhado do projeto para o estabelecimento do diagnóstico, além da priorização das propostas de intervenções corretivas e preventivas. Neste trabalho faz-se uma análise comparativa de alguns desses métodos, estabelecendo um paralelo com o MASP-PDCA, e propõe-se diretrizes para a formulação de um método hierarquizado para investigação de patologias em SPHS a partir de estudo de casos múltiplos de levantamentos patológicos em edifícios localizados no município de Curitiba, além de sugerir meios para a prevenção de patologias freqüentes verificadas nos SPHS, visando a melhoria da qualidade. Com isto, espera-se contribuir para o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta útil tanto para a manutenção do desempenho ao longo da vida útil do edifício como para retroalimentar o processo de projeto / Abstract: Building Plumbing and Drainage Systems are expressively frequent in pathologic manifestation survey results. Most assiduous problems are not generally related to serious life and health risks but use to cause annoyance and discomfort due to their characteristic symptoms. However some of these pathologies may cause propagation of potentially pathogenic microorganisms at those system components, such as legionellosis and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. This situation reveals the importance of an adequate method for investigation, suppression e prevention of these kinds of pathologies. There are methods formulated for general building pathology investigations, but they do not aggregate stages and resources relevant for the solution of frequent problems of building plumbing and drainage systems, such as the emphasis on symptomatology and detailed design analysis in order to set diagnosis as well as to establish priority for corrective and preventive interventions. This work makes a comparative analysis of some of those methods and draws a parallel with PDCA method regarding further proposition of guidelines for the formulation of a hierarchized method for the investigation of building plumbing and drainage system pathologies based upon multiple case studies of buildings at Curitiba City. Moreover it suggests feedback means for the prevention of frequent pathologies of building plumbing and drainage systems in order to improve quality. The aim of this work is to contribute to the development of an useful tool to maintain serviceable lifetime building performance and help design process feedback / Mestrado / Arquitetura e Construção / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Orientador: Marina Sangoi de Oliveira Ilha / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T03:47:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_LiwanaChiude_M.pdf: 1654795 bytes, checksum: 44e9ed5746c2489e5e6ee274dafa1b70 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O comportamento do ser humano tem causado inúmeros danos ao meio ambiente, sendo necessário que se revejam atitudes e hábitos de consumo dos insumos em geral, dentre eles o uso da água. Apesar deste assunto se encontrar na pauta de discussões de vários países, percebe-se que as pessoas ainda não se atentaram para o fato de que a necessidade de preservação deste insumo é essencial para a sobrevivência humana e de que são agentes determinantes para a sua conservação dentro de uma edificação. Isto ocorre, muitas vezes, porque não é suficiente informar as pessoas sobre a crise da água, é necessário que elas revejam seus conceitos e valores, seus padrões de consumo, sintam-se sensibilizadas pelo problema e mudem de atitude em prol de um desenvolvimento sustentável. Inserido neste contexto, a partir de um programa de conservação de água desenvolvido no Hospital das Clínicas da UNICAMP, o presente trabalho consiste em um levantamento das atividades realizadas no uso doméstico da água nessa tipologia de edificação, por meio de entrevistas e da observação de sua forma de realização, de modo a identificar as principais fontes de desperdício e as ações a serem implantadas para o uso racional da água. Palavras-chave: sistemas prediais, uso racional da água, uso doméstico da água, hospitais, comportamento humano / Abstract: The human behavior has caused countless damages to the environment; consequently it is necessary to review attitudes and habits of resources consumption, among them the use of water. Although this subject is up for a discussion in several countries, it is noticed that most people still do not realize that the necessity for the water preservation is essential for human survival and that they play a decisive role in its conservation inside a building. In general, this often happens because it is not enough to inform the people about the crisis of the water, it is necessary to make them review their concepts and values, their consumption patterns and make them sensible of this problem, in order to change their attitude on behalf of a sustainable development. Inserted in this context, starting from a program of conservation of water developed at UNICAMP Hospital, this work consists of a study about the activities regarding the domestic use of water in this building. The results were obtained based on interviews and observing the users dealing with the water, in order to identify the main sources of waste and the actions that could be implanted for the rational use of water. Keywords: plumbing system, rational use of water, domestic use of water, hospitals, human¿ behavior / Mestrado / Arquitetura e Construção / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Den här uppsatsen behandlar inskolningen till VVS-montör och huvudfrågan som ställts är hur VVS-montörerna upplever att de tagit till sig de praktiska färdigheter och de teoretiska kunskaper som behövs till att bli certifierad VVS-montör och när de uppfattar att de kände yrkesidentitet. Metoden som använts är kvalitativ och i huvudsak induktiv. Det empiriska materialet baseras på semistrukturerade intervjuer med åtta nyligen certifierade VVS-montörer. Tidigare forskning har visat att det finns ett starkt fokus på att förmedla yrkesidentitet på yrkesutbildningar och att ett praktiskt yrke handlar om att lära sig en kultur lika mycket som att lära sig det praktiska yrket och att mycket av det som lärs ut är så kallad tyst kunskap. Denna uppsats pekar på att teori och praktik följs åt under utbildningens gång. För vissa personer behöver teorin komma först för att de lättare ska kunna ta till sig det praktiska och tvärt om. Vidare visade det sig att det var väldigt lite teoretisk undervisning under lärlingstiden och lärlingarna arbetar nästan uteslutande med den teoretiska instuderingen på egen hand under den perioden. Resultatet är relevant för att kunna förbättra utbildningen för praktiska utbildningar. Bland annat genom att bli bättre på att växla mellan teori och praktik under grundutbildningen men också genom att lägga in mer teoriutbildning i fortbildningstiden / This thesis deals with the training towards becoming a plumber and the main question that has been asked is how the plumbers feel that they have acquired the practical skills and theoretical knowledge needed to become a certified plumber and when they feel they identify with their profession. The method used is qualitative and essentially inductive. The empirical material is based on semi-structured interviews with eight newly certified plumbers. Previous research has shown that there is a strong focus on imparting professional identity in vocational education and that a practical profession is about learning a culture as much as learning the practical profession and that much of what is taught is so-called tacit knowledge. This essay points out that theory and practice go together during the education. For some people, the theory needs to come first for them to absorb more easily the practical and vice versa. Furthermore, it turned out that there was very little theoretical teaching during the apprenticeship and the apprentices work almost exclusively with the theoretical study on their own during that period. The result is relevant to be able to improve the training for practical educations. Among other things, by becoming better at switching between theory and practice during undergraduate training, but also by adding more theory training to the continuing education period. / <p>Godkänd 2023-02-28</p>

Рассмотрено применение аутсорсинга в современной мировой экономике, отражено понятие аутсорсинга и его основных характеристик. Рассмотрены области и сферы применения аутсорсинга в отрасли водопроводно – канализационного хозяйства. Отражена основная информация о деятельности МУП «Водоканал», в том числе общая характеристика, анализ финансового состояния предприятия. Выявлены основные проблемы ремонта сетей водоснабжения и водоотведения, а также определены сферы деятельности предприятия для возможности передачи их на аутсорсинг. Проведена технико-экономическая оценка передачи на аутсорсинг профильного и непрофильного вида деятельности предприятия. Рассмотрены инструменты для реализации предложенного проекта. / The application of outsourcing in the modern world economy is considered, the concept of outsourcing and its main characteristics is reflected. Areas and areas of application of outsourcing in the branch of water supply and sewerage are considered. The main information on the activities of Municipal Unitary Enterprise Vodokanal is reflected, including the general characteristics, analysis of the financial condition of the enterprise. The main problems of repairing water supply and drainage networks were identified, as well as the areas of activity of the enterprise for the possibility of transferring them to outsourcing. Technical and economic evaluation of outsourcing of the specialized and non-core activity of the enterprise was carried out. The tools for implementation of the proposed project are considered.

https://dc.etsu.edu/entc-2160-oer/1006/thumbnail.jpg