The issue of lead exposure through drinking water was re-examined in light of modern public health goals, recent high-profile cases of elevated lead in water, and emerging concerns regarding the efficacy of legally mandated remedial strategies. A critical literature review revealed that serious lead-in-water hazards are present at many US schools and homes, and that the threat to individuals is not eliminated by existing regulations. Health studies have provided strong links between lead in water and lead in blood of exposed populations, even at relatively low levels of exposure compared to reported lead occurrence in US tap water samples. As efforts shift from addressing pervasive lead sources that once elevated the blood lead of large percentages of the population, to more isolated individual cases requiring exceptional attention, the importance of carefully considering lead in water as a potential source for elevated blood lead increases. Consistent with decades of prior research linking elevated water lead to elevated blood lead (EBL), lead-contaminated water in the high-profile case of Washington DC markedly increased the incidence of EBL for very young children. Specifically, incidence of EBL for children aged ≤ 1.3 years increased more than 4 times during 2001-2003 when lead in water was high, compared to 2000 when lead in water was low. The incidence of EBL for children aged ≤ 1.3 years was highly correlated (R² = 0.81) to 90th percentile lead-in-water levels from 2000-2007, and the risk of exposure to high water lead levels varied markedly in different neighborhoods of the city. Analysis conducted herein focused on identifying "worst-case" neighborhoods and populations. Specifically, this was the first study of the Washington DC case to focus on infants who are most vulnerable to harm from lead in water, and to perform smaller area analysis at the neighborhood (i.e., zip code) level in order to capture pockets of high risk among local communities. Prior biokinetic modeling efforts, examining the potential adverse impacts of lead-in-water exposure, were re-examined to explicitly consider new public health goals. This included impacts on the most sensitive population groups (e.g., young children and particularly formula-fed infants), the potential variability in blood lead levels (BLLs) amongst exposed individuals within those groups (e.g., most sensitive children at the upper tail of the BLL distribution), more conservative BLL thresholds reflecting low-level adverse effects (e.g., 5, 2 and 1 µg/dL versus 10 µg/dL), and the possibility of acute health impacts. This re-evaluation creates a paradigm shift, in that levels of lead in water that were previously considered inconsequential are demonstrated to be of concern in specific circumstances. The replacement of lead service lines in front of consumers' homes is a costly, federally mandated remedial action if a water utility exceeds the US EPA lead action level. Because utilities do not own the entire lead service line, they often only replace the portion of the service line up to the property line, typically with copper pipe. Experiences in Washington DC, as revealed by Freedom of Information Act requests, indicated that partial pipe replacements were not decreasing lead in water, and were actually associated with relatively high incidence of childhood lead poisoning. This prompted the first comprehensive investigation of potential long-term problems arising from galvanic corrosion between the remaining lead pipe and the newly installed copper pipe. Bench-scale experiments demonstrated that galvanic connections between lead pipe (new or aged) and copper pipe increased lead release into the water by 1.1-16 times, when compared to a full length of lead pipe alone. The small area of lead pipe adjacent to the copper joint (<0.5 ft) was gravely affected by galvanic corrosion, and accumulated a thick lead-rust layer (1 inch wide) that constituted a reservoir for semi-random particulate lead detachment into the water. The work on simulated partial pipe replacements revealed that under worst-case scenarios of highly contaminated water samples, most of the lead was not quantified if water samples were not mixed thoroughly after standard preservation (i.e., after addition of 0.15% v/v HNO₃), or if water samples were transferred from one bottle to another prior to preservation. While there is no reason to believe that sample handling and pre-treatment dramatically skew regulatory compliance with the US EPA lead action level, slight variations from one approved protocol to another may cause lead-in-water health risks to be dramatically underestimated. This is of special concern in unusual situations of "worst-case" individual exposures to highly contaminated water, associated with childhood lead poisoning. This work provides the water industry and health agencies with important new insights and perspectives on an old problem. Results can improve strategies to detect and mitigate lead-in-water hazards for individuals or populations, and inform future revisions to the US EPA Lead and Copper Rule. / Ph. D.

The first part of this doctorate dissertation examines the factors influencing the occurrence and costs of pinhole leak corrosion as well as the household decisions for corrosion prevention and plumbing material selection. Three mail surveys of households were used to elicit the experiences with leaks as well as the optimal corrosion prevention and material choices. Probability modeling (i.e. MNL) and linear regression analysis were used to analyze survey responses. Pinhole leak occurrences were found associated with pipe type installed, property age, pipe failure history, and dwelling distance from a water treatment plant. The number and location of pinhole leaks in the dwelling and the pipe type are associated with the financial costs of pinhole leaks. The corrosion prevention choices as well as the plumbing materials depended on the risk of corrosion and cost associated with each option. Previous experiences with pinhole leak impacted the decision for household choices. Faster responses to pinhole leak outbreaks by utility managers and policymakers in terms of advising homeowners on the best ways of responding to leaks would assist homeowners in reducing costs of pinhole leak repairs and associated damages. The second part of this document deals with the debt financing issues. Debt financing decisions are made simultaneously by lenders and borrowers. Since lenders are unable to observe directly the firms’ investment decisions, the banks offer contracts based up on firms’ observable characteristics (i.e. wealth and size) and the prevailing market conditions. When deciding on the financing decisions, firms also take into account the changes in macroeconomic variables in order to lower the cost of borrowing. As a result, the goal for this article is to examine empirically the hypothesis of the effect of the debt determinant as well as the macroeconomic variables on the debt maturity structure. A reduced form of the simultaneous financing decisions model is estimated by employing several OLS estimation methods. The empirical findings offer strong support for firms with few growth options, large, and of low quality having more long-term debt in their capital structure. There was, however, no clear support for the impact of macroeconomic variables on debt maturity as some variables were not statistically significant. / Ph. D.

台灣外銷產業在世界上佔著舉足輕重的角色，自六零年代開始至今囊括過無數個世界第一；從早期產品，如：鞋子、雨傘、成衣、腳踏車，到近期蓬勃發展的電子產業相關零組件及成品，如：晶圓代工、顯示器、個人電腦、手提電腦等等，台灣均曾經或是現在仍為全球最大供應國。 長久以來台灣一直以代工為強項，隨著時代進步，台灣的生產成本節節高昇，再加上中國大陸的崛起，使得台灣的競爭優勢不再是勞力密集的製造業，也因此產業升級的呼聲及討論非常熱烈。代工業者要捨棄眼前的代工業務，直接進入純品牌經營的策略仍是一個相當高風險的做法。而品牌發展與代工之討論研究，宏碁率先投入自有品牌經營之後也一直持續不斷。 很多人可能沒聽過台灣的衛浴五金及水龍頭零配件代工外銷也是世界第一，歐美主要水龍頭品牌都是進口零配件至當地後再進行組裝。而衛浴五金水龍頭零件代工也和其他台灣代工產業一樣，因為競爭日趨激烈，使得產業內的業者必須積極準備因應對策，追求永續經營。 本研究以此產業外銷前五大廠商個案公司為研究對象，以策略群組區分出專注代工及深耕品牌兩大群組，比較群組之間及群組內各公司運用策略的異同;同時也針對產業大環境的變動、供應面及需求面的改變、供應鏈角色的延伸及位移等衝擊所帶來的影響，各群組個案公司所採取的策略作法，做一研究探討，進而研討出一個方向提供給產業業者制定未來經營策略的參考，以期待此產業業者之競爭優勢得以持續。 / Taiwan’s export industry plays a significant role in the world market. Since the 1960’s it has held the number one position in countless manufacturing sectors. From early times in industries such as shoes, umbrellas, clothing, and bicycles to the present booming modern electronic industries like Semiconductor Foundries, monitor, personal computer (PC), and laptop manufacturing etc., Taiwan is now or was once the biggest supplier in the world. Taiwan has been favored by OEM policy. But now it is losing it competition edge due to continuously increasing production costs and the rapid development of China’s manufacturing industries. It’s no longer to Taiwan’s advantage to operate labor intensive manufacturing, therefore there has been a cry for and vigorous discussion regarding a change in Taiwan’s industries’ roles. Discontinuing the current OEM activities and quickly investing in Original Brand Manufacturing (OBM) is a high risk decision. The discussion and research into the OBM and OEM lines of development was sustained after ACER became an OBM operation. Many people probably don’t realize that Taiwan is the world leader in the OEM plumbing hardware and faucet components export industry. The major leading brands of Europe and America import their components and then assemble them locally. The OEM plumbing hardware and faucet component industry faces the same problems as other OEM industries. To withstand the competition, they are compelled to develop innovative strategies for sustainable operation. This study adopts the top 5 export manufacturers of plumbing hardware and faucet components, categorizing them by OEM and OBM strategic groups, and comparing the similarities and differences between and within these two strategic groups. It also focuses directly on the overall changes in the industries environment, the influences on the role of supply chain expansions and changes, as well as changes in supply and demand in the market place; studying the adopted strategies by different players, dissecting these cases and extrapolating a method for the industries to formulate a future operation strategy and to maintain a competitive advantage.

Idag ställs höga krav på gott inomhusklimat och tillfredsställande termisk komfort. Tack vare flera tekniska innovationer går det att möta dessa behov, men detta medför att installationssystemen i dagens flerbostadshus tar allt mer plats. Samtidigt som tekniken får ta mer och mer plats har utvecklingen på projekteringssidan gått i en helt annan riktning. Arkitekten har istället kommit att bli en av de många konsulter som specialiserar sig på sin del av projektet (Östnäs, 1984). Att dessa utvecklingar skett åt olika håll skapar ett kunskapsgap mellan teknikkonsulter och arkitekter i dagens byggprojekt. 54% av respondenterna i denna studie, uppger att kunskapsgapet mellan A och VVS är så stort att det skapar problem i projekteringen och 35% av respondenterna anger att det ofta bidrar negativt till slutresultatet i form av nödlösningar. Detta examensarbete syftar till att undersöka om samordningen mellan arkitekt och VVS-projektör kan förbättras genom att överbrygga installationskunskap. Studien begränsas till att omfatta enbart samordning mellan Arkitekt och VVS-projektör och avgränsas alltså mot övriga projektörer i ett byggprojekt. Undersökningen fokuserar på samordning i tidigt skede av projekteringen, programskede. Hypotesen är att det generellt finns ett behov av ökad installationssamordning i projekteringen, denna testades genom en kvantitativ undersökning i form av en webbenkät. Totalt deltog 99 personer i undersökningen. Med hjälp av statistisk analys i form av hypotestest påvisades att det generellt finns ett behov av ökad samordning, hypotesen gick att bevisa. Utöver det identifierades, med hjälp av hypotestest I, att det behövs en förändring i vilka projektörer som ingår i projektet i programskede. De oftast förekommande samordningsproblemen identifierades genom kvalitativa djupintervjuer med elva verksamma projektörer och två branschexperter. Här framgick att de problem som förkommer i störst utsträckning är storlekar på fläktrum och placeringar av schakt. De problem som medför störst konsekvenser var vertikala utrymmen. Orsaken till uppkomsten av problem menar många är bristande kunskap eller erfarenhet från arkitektens sida. Arkitekter i sin tur uppger att det beror på ändringar i sena skeden från beställarens eller vvs-projektörens håll. Majoriteten hävdar att om vvs-projektören kom in i ett tidigare skede så skulle problemen minska. Därefter utvecklades, under en workshop med 5 deltagande projektörer ett förslag till hjälpmedel. Kontentan från den workshopen var att om vvs-projektören kommer in i projektet i tidigt skede, programskede, så kan rätt förutsättningar sättas tidigt. Förslag om kreativa startmöten uppkom bland annat. Deltagarna var även överens om att det bästa sättet att förmedla installationskunskap är att utbilda, detta dels genom tvärfackliga projekt under arkitektutbildningen, dels genom kurser eller platsbesök för de praktiserande arkitekterna. Ur samtlig insamlad data formades ett hjälpmedel för att möta de identifierade behoven. Detta hjälpmedel blev en checklista för hur möten och konsultation mellan A och VVS ska ske i programskede. Checklistan tydliggör ansvar och förväntningar för båda parter. Detta hjälpmedel testades sedan experimentellt i ett gestaltningsförslag. Gestaltningsförslaget är ett flerbostadshus på fastigheten Kv. Notstället 5 &amp; 6 i Eskilstuna kommun. I programhandlingen, som utgör resultatet av experimentet, presenteras även lösningar för installationssystem. Hjälpmedlets förmåga att möta de identifierade behoven utvärderades med slutsatsen att behoven tillgodoses men att ett kompletterande verktyg för ökad installationskunskap kan behövas. Hjälpmedlet anses inte bekosta projektet på arkitektoniska kvaliteter i så stor mån utan skapat mervärde genom nya innovationer samt att överraskningar undveks. Som forskningsämne har detta projekt väckt stort intresse i branschen. Insikter från denna studie är att tvärfacklig kommunikation och kunskapsöverföring mellan disciplinen generellt är ett intressant ämne att studera. De samlade resultaten från denna studie pekar på att en förändring i arbetsrätt under tidigare skeden i projekteringen är något som bör ske. Detta för att effektivisera projekteringen och säkerställa god kvalitet i slutprodukten, våra flerbostadshus. / Sweden has high statutory standards for inside climate and thermic comfort in buildings. Because of technical advances these requirements can be met, but at a cost. Increasingly effective HVAC and plumbing systems are linked to a larger volume claim for units, pipes and ducts. As the systems grow the design aspect moves in a contrary direction. A direction where the role of the architect has changed to become a consulting part (Östnäs 1984). These diverging developments has triggered a knowledge gap between technical engineers and architects. 54% of respondents on this study claim that this gap causes problems, and 35% claim that it often contributes negatively to the end result in the form of having to resort to last minute solutions. This master thesis aims to investigate if the coordination between architects and HVAC &amp; plumbing engineers can be improved by bridging the knowledge gap. The study is limited to only encompass the coordination between these two groups and leaves out remaining disciplines and parties. The focus of this study is directed to the early stages in the building design process. The hypothesis suggests that there exists a need for further coordination regarding installations design. This has been tested through a quantitative survey consisting of a web form with a total of 99 respondents. This data was then statistically analyzed in the form of hypothesis testing, which concluded there exists a general need for improved coordination. Furthermore, hypothesis test I showed that there is also need for a change regarding which disciplines should be involved in early stages of projects. The most common coordination problems were identified by a quantitative study consisting of interviews with eleven projectors and two branch experts. The two most coveted aspects were the volumetric size of room containing ventilation machinery and the placing of vertical shafts. Where vertical spaces caused greatest consequences. The reason for these problems, according to many, being an acute lack of interdisciplinary knowledge or experience from the architect. On the other hand, architects claim this is due to changes being made in latter stages of projects by other disciplines or the client. The majority claim that a solution is to bring in the HVAC &amp; plumbing engineer in an earlier stage. Following this a workshop including five professionals was carried out to draft up a solution. It established that if the HVAC &amp; plumbing engineer is brought in at an earlier stage it allows for the right conditions to be set. Suggestions regarding creative start up meetings were introduced. Participants agreed that the best way to mediate knowledge about installations is to educate through both interdisciplinary projects at universities, and also through courses or site visits for architects. To meet the identified needs a solution was constructed from collected data. This solution took the form of a checklist to help guide how meetings between the architect and HVAC &amp; plumbing engineer should be carried out in early stages. The checklist clarifies responsibility and expectations for both parts. This solution was then tested through a simulated design project. The project consists of an apartment building property for Notstället 5 &amp; 6 in Eskilstuna municipality. A solution for the installations is presented. The checklists ability to meet the identified needs were concluded to suffice but an additional tool for bridging the knowledge gap further would be beneficial. The use of this solution did not cause any significant negative consequences on the architectural qualities, but created value by discovering new innovative solutions, in addition to preventing unplanned surprises from arising. As a research topic this project has sparked interest in the branch. Insights from this study concludes that interdisciplinary communication and knowledge transfer between disciplines in general is an interesting topic to study.

Submitted by Ana Lúcia Coelho (ana.coelho@cprm.gov.br) on 2017-12-14T08:48:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_adriana_weschwnfelder.pdf: 15257308 bytes, checksum: 3a1785c5df9ad849b3be9660650c1f0f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Roberta Silva (roberta.silva@cprm.gov.br) on 2017-12-14T11:12:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_adriana_weschwnfelder.pdf: 15257308 bytes, checksum: 3a1785c5df9ad849b3be9660650c1f0f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Roberta Silva (roberta.silva@cprm.gov.br) on 2017-12-14T11:13:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_adriana_weschwnfelder.pdf: 15257308 bytes, checksum: 3a1785c5df9ad849b3be9660650c1f0f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-14T11:13:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_adriana_weschwnfelder.pdf: 15257308 bytes, checksum: 3a1785c5df9ad849b3be9660650c1f0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / CPRM / Neste estudo foram analisadas possíveis tendências de aumento da precipitação em nove estações pluviométricas na sub-bacia 87, incluindo Porto Alegre, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, para 50 anos de dados. Eventos extremos são responsáveis por muitos problemas, principalmente em áreas urbanas, e a frequência e a magnitude destes eventos podem aumentar com as alterações climáticas. No intuito de avaliar o impacto de alterações climáticas, em Porto Alegre, utilizou-se o modelo Long Ashton Research Station - Weather Generator (LARS-WG). O LARS-WG é um gerador estocástico capaz de simular cenários climáticos em escala local. Para cada série histórica das estações analisadas, na sub-bacia 87, foi aplicado o teste estatístico de Mann Kendall para identificar possíveis tendências nos dados anuais e trimestrais. Na estação de Porto Alegre também foi realizada pesquisa para identificar o aumento na frequência de ocorrência de alturas de precipitação em diferentes faixas e análise de tendência noshttp://www.bibliotecadigital.ufrgs.br/da.php?nrb=001053508&loc=2017&l=5219eb420c00bf62 dados sub-diários. A geração de séries sintéticas de precipitação para diferentes cenários teve como base os dados pluviométricos da série de Porto Alegre, que consistiu na utilização do período de 1974 a 2014 na geração da linha de base para calibração do LARS-WG. Após a geração de séries sintéticas de precipitação para um clima atual, foi selecionado o máximo diário anual e este foi desagregado em dados subdiários. Na sequência avaliou-se o impacto das alterações em três cenários do IPCC, A1B, A2 e B1. Em cada um dos arquivos de precipitação diária, geradas por projeção no LARS-WG, foi realizada a desagregação em precipitações sub-diárias Os resultados da aplicação do teste de Mann Kendall indicam tendência no aumento do total anual e no número de dias chuvosos (NDC). O trimestre que mais contribuiu para este aumento corresponde à primavera. Entretanto nas estações de Porto Alegre e Sapucaia do Sul, na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, São Lourenço no Litoral Sul e Renânia e Serra do Pinto numa região de relevo acidentado próximo ao Litoral Norte também se identificou tendência de aumento no verão e no outono. Em Porto Alegre não foi verificada tendência na precipitação diária máxima anual, permitindo a utilização do LARS-WG que assume que as séries de dados diários observados são estacionárias e gera séries sintéticas com características estatísticas semelhantes à série de dados observados. Uma análise comparativa dos resultados entre as IDFs projetadas com o LARS-WG e a IDF definida por Weschenfelder et al. (2015) indica aumento das precipitações intensas. No primeiro período de projeção no cenário A1B, os desvios ficaram na faixa de 8 a 16% para quatro dos modelos, no cenário A2 os desvios ficaram na faixa de 9 a 19% e no cenário B1 de 7 a 19% em cinco modelos. Para o segundo período de projeção apresentou uma grande variabilidade com desvios entre -3 e 40%. O caminho para reduzir as incertezas é o monitoramento continuado das variáveis meteorológicas, pois a modelagem do clima só pode ser aprimorada com a incorporação de dados reais aos modelos. / 2017

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:09:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissATH.pdf: 18368287 bytes, checksum: b45251643897100029d341df26cf3598 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-31 / The current projects of rainwater plumbing systems are extremely simple and present only one exclusive concern: to divert the rainfall from the place where it occurs to the drainage public system. In general, it s possible to verify that they do not attend even the word semantic meaning. The no existence of a coordinated set of action aiming at ampler results makes rainwater plumbing system unconcerned with the surrounding area, not composing harmonically with the urban site in particular, and the environment as a general form. Generally, designers expect only rainwater goes toward out of the site, and that is a good result of a good system. Due the lack of attention to the impact that generates and does harm to society, they ignore its potential as instrument of water building conservation. They do not assess correctly its capacity as a source of supply of so expensive and scarce water, according with its necessities, conveniences or limitations that can exist. Therefore, the goal of this study is to propose a new function for the rainwater plumbing system, in special for Ribeirão Preto municipal school buildings, becoming it from a passive to an active system of environment protection. With a proper and molded conception for this new proposal, the system must contemplate the aspects related to the reduction of the impacts caused by the civil construction activities on urban sites, its preservation and providing environment education for people and also, as an worthy water building management tool. / Os atuais projetos dos sistemas prediais de água pluvial são em sua grande maioria, extremamente simples, apresentando uma única e exclusiva preocupação: a transferência da precipitação do local onde ocorre para o sistema público de drenagem, constituído por sarjetas, galerias e por fim, os córregos e rios. Verifica-se que, em geral, não atendem nem ao sentido semântico da palavra sistema. A inexistência de um conjunto coordenado de ações visando um resultado mais amplo faz com que o sistema predial de água pluvial se dissocie de seu entorno, sem se compor harmônicamente com o meio urbano em particular, e o meio natural de uma forma geral. Na concepção atual de seus projetistas, o simples encaminhamento destas águas para fora da edificação é o resultado esperado de um bom sistema. Alheios ao impacto que gera e que penaliza a socidade, passam ao largo de seu potencial como instrumento de conservação de água nas edificações. Ignoram sua capacidade de suprir as mesmas com tão caro e cada vez mais escasso recurso, de acordo com as necessidades, conveniências ou limitações que possam existir. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho consiste na proposição de uma nova função para o sistema predial de água pluvial, em especial nas escolas muncipais de Ribeirão Preto, transformando-o de um sistema passivo de captação e drenagem em um sistema ativo de conservação ambiental. Com uma concepção própria e moldada para esta nova proposta, o sistema deve contemplar os aspectos relacionados à redução dos impactos causados pela ocupação do solo no meio urbano, à preservação e educação ambiental e também, à gestão da oferta de água nas edificações.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:09:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4449.pdf: 2769612 bytes, checksum: e3079cd0b8c8a33fb2955ef26b04de84 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-31 / In the context of the plumbing systems, the design stage may be responsable for considerable parcel of pathological manifestations that may occur after the building occupation. These problems can bring negative impact for the users, considering the built environment, and also demands premature maintenance with respective extra costs, which may decrease the building lifetime. In this context, this dissertation aims to propose guidelines that can be used in the bidding for projects of building systems of cold water and sanitary sewer in university campuses. The method used for the research was the case study. Firstable, a bibliographic survey was carried out by addressing the systems studied, the concepts of performance evaluations, as well as a collection of studies on pathologies, that had served to appraise the work. The guidelines, final result of this research, was developed, based on a survey of criteria and performance requirements present in the NBR 15575: 2008 Residential buildings of up to five floors Performance (ABNT, 2008), and based else in the author experience in the area. After that, two projetcs on Campus Are Carlos from the Federal University of São Carlos were analysed, as practice demonstration of the obtained results. / No contexto dos Sistemas Prediais Hidráulicos e Sanitários (SPHS), a etapa projeto pode ser a responsável por considerável parcela de manifestações patológicas que venham a surgir na edificação após sua ocupação. O surgimento de tais problemas impacta negativamente a qualidade do ambiente, gerando uma demanda precoce por manutenções corretivas, tendo como consequência maiores custos, e reduzindo a vida útil do sistema. Neste contexto, a presente dissertação tem como objetivo propor diretrizes que possam ser utilizadas em licitações de projetos de sistemas prediais de água fria (SPAF) e de esgoto sanitário (SPES) em campi universitários. O método utilizado para a obtenção dos resultados foi o estudo de caso. Inicialmente foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico abordando os sistemas estudados, conceitos de desempenho, assim como uma coletânea de estudos sobre manifestações patológicas, que serviram para conceituar o trabalho. As diretrizes, resultado final da pesquisa, foram então desenvolvidas, com base em um levantamento de requisitos e critérios de desempenho para projetos presentes na NBR 15575-6: Desempenho de edifícios habitacionais de até 5 pavimentos Desempenho Parte 6: Sistemas hidrossanitários (ABNT, 2008) e na experiência do autor na área. A seguir essas diretrizes foram aplicadas em dois projetos no Campus São Carlos da Universidade Federal de São Carlos, e feita a análise dos resultados. Palavras-chave: Construção Civil. Sistemas Prediais. Projeto. Diretrizes. Patologia das Construções. Cover, Marcelo P. Guidelines for bidding for projects of building systems of cold water and sanitary sewage in university campuses. São Carlos SP. Civil Engineering Department, Federal University of São Carlos, 2012. 117 pages. Master Dissertation.

Master’s thesis "Plumbing systems for accommodation facilities" is processed in the form of project documentation plumbing according to applicable regulations. Designed building has five floors, basement. The ground floor restaurant and relaxing part of the hotel, in the remaining floors are guest rooms with 75 beds. One room is completely wheelchair. The building is located outside urban areas without connection to public utilities. The work focuses on the design of plumbing hotel and presents two variants of the possible solutions for waste water from the building. Building water supply is secured from drilled wells and the proposed pumping equipment.

Thesis: Sanitation installation in a hotel with health resort The unit has 6 floors, it is partly with a cellar. The 1st floor is intended for spa purposes, the floors 3-5 serve as the acommodation area and in the 6th floor there is a machine room. The theoretic part is focused on the water problematics, on the type of sewages, including the labeling of their colors, and the following secondary use of the sewages. The next step is the choosing of the appropriate obtion. The project concerns the sanitation installation in a hotel with health resort.

This thesis solves sanitary equipment installation and design of distribution of gray water in the hotel. Designed building has three floors and basement. On the first floor there are a restaurant, bar, conservatory, sanitary facilities and kitchen facilities. In the second and third floor are rooms for guests. In the basement there are storages, laundry room, engine room and other rooms, which are important for operation. The theoretical part is focused on familiarization with the theme of gray water, their division and possibilities. The practical part of applied knowledge on the subject at. The work also includes the calculation of return on this technological system.