Particulate matter (PM) air pollution is one of the most important topics in the field of environmental protection, and coal strip mining is a significant source of coarse atmospheric aerosol. In order to implement appropriate regulations to improve air quality, we need to identify the major sources of pollution. PM is usually measured in a ground-based manner and its dispersion is only modelled. Therefore, the objective of this study was to measure concentrations of coarse aerosol in the atmospheric boundary layer above the area of the coal strip mine through experimental airborne measurements and to estimate pollution contribution of mining to the surroundings. Measurements were carried out from November 11 to November 26, 2012, at Vršany coal mine, Czech Republic. An electrically powered airship was used with a specially designed gondola carrying aerosol monitors DustTrak DRX and P-Trak. Temperature and relative humidity data were also recorded. Repeated flights were performed at several heights above mine edge level. PM1-10 and GPS data were recorded every second. Average airship velocity ranged from 6 to 7 ms-1 . Flight measurements were also compared to ground-based measurements of PM10 and meteorological data. Weather during our measurements was characterised by low temperatures, high relative...

Expansion Policies by applying Keynes' key concepts on how market ought to expand or political intervention policies and how it is related to state's political expansion. I refer to it

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This master’s thesis describes the use of project management for a design and implementation of the project to create web portal for event team of the company UNIFER o.p.s. The thesis descibes in detail the pre-project, project and post-project phase according to project management methods.

This master thesis focuses on the estimation of losses in windings of a high-speed PermanentMagnet (PM) motor. The PM motor studied in this thesis is applied to a nut-runner systemwith specic characteristics such as operating at a high speed (30000 rpm), relatively smallsize and being slot-less. Previously published analytical models for calculation the losses inwindings are discussed in the literature study along with related background theory. Finiteelement method (FEM) 2D is applied in the simulations using FLUX v12. Simulations beginwith several conductors and bundles. Meanwhile, the analytical estimation of those caseswas carried out. The comparisons between results from both sources are discussed. Beforefurther investigations, the way of connection of bundles and conductors and the applicationof symmetrical conditions for following simulations are discussed. Furthermore, the wholewindings with a iron ring and the rotor are simulated step by step in FLUX. Eect of ironmaterial, lamination thickness and base value are investigated. Finally, losses in windingswith various situations are calculated and compared at 10 kHz and 20 kHz. / Detta examensarbete behandlar uppskattning av forluster i lindningarna hos en permanentmagnet(PM) hoghastighets-motor. PM-motorn som studerats i denna avhandling tillhor ettmutterdragarsystem avsett for industriellt bruk. Utmarkande egenskaper for denna ar hoghastighet (30000 rpm), relativt liten storlek och avsaknad av statorspar. Tidigare publiceradeanalysmodeller for forlustberakningar i lindningar diskuteras i litteraturstudien tillsammansmed tillhorande bakgrundsteori. Finita Element Metoden (FEM) 2D anvands i simuleringarna.FEM-studierna har utforts i FLUX v12. Studierna utfors initialt pa era ledareoch buntar parallellt med analytiska uppskattningar for dessa. Resultaten fran bada kallornajamfors och diskuteras. Vidare diskuteras olika mojligheter till anslutning av era ledare ochledarvarv, samt tillampning av symmetriska villkor for vidare simuleringar. Lindningarnasimuleras darefter stegvis tillsammans med en jarnring och rotor. Paverkan av jarnmaterial,laminat-tjocklek och basvarde utreds. Slutligen utfors forlustjamforelser i lindningarna forolika kongurationer vid 10 kHz och 20 kHz. / Buntade, ledare, FEM 2D, forluster, PM motor, yteekt och narhetseekt, vridna, lindningarna

Most co-benefits studies have been conducted on local or national scales. However, we find that for a coordinated international GHG reduction, much of the air quality and health benefits come from GHG reductions in foreign nations. This is particularly true for ozone, which has a longer atmospheric lifetime than PM2.5, and which is affected by methane reductions. Together these findings show that co-benefits for air quality and health are greater when GHG reductions are coordinated with other nations. These results also show that previous co-benefits studies on local or national scale may significantly underestimate the total co-benefits by omitting i.) the benefits of domestic pollutant reductions for regions outside of the domain considered, and ii.) the benefits of foreign GHG reductions if the domestic reduction is coordinated with international action.

När förlossningsprogressen går långsamt fram eller stannar av helt kan barnmorskan använda sig av läkemedlet Oxytocin® för att framkalla tätare och mer intensiva värkar och på så sätt uppnå progress i förlossning. Oxytocin® är ett potent läkemedel som när det används felaktigt kan ge allvarliga komplikationer för mor och barn. I Sverige togs nationella riktlinjer för oxytocinbehandling vid värksvaghet fram år 2011. Barnmorskan har även lokala riktlinjer att förhålla sig till i sitt dagliga arbete. Studier har visat att oxytocinbehandling sker på ett ostrukturerat sätt i Sverige. Syftet med studien var att undersöka Sveriges förlossningsklinikers PM följsamhet till de nationella riktlinjerna framtagna år 2011 gällande oxytocinbehandling vid värksvaghet. Studien utgjordes av en kvantitativ, komparativ metod med en deskriptiv ansats, där urvalet resulterade i insamlade data från 43 av landets 44 förlossningskliniker. Ett instrument för dataanalys framtogs där samtliga PM jämfördes mot den text som var formulerad i de nationella riktlinjernas föreslagna PM och presenterades genom deskriptiv statistik. Resultatet visade på en variation i följsamhet i de lokala PM:en till de nationella riktlinjerna. Fem klinikers PM överensstämde med de nationella riktlinjernas PM på samtliga punkter. Ytterligare fyra klinikers PM överensstämde på alla punkter förutom gällande riktlinjer kring dokumentation. Knappt två tredjedelar av klinikerna överensstämde till 75 procent eller mer av de punkter som jämfördes i instrument för dataanalys. Ett fåtal klinikers följsamhet var 25 procent eller lägre. Vidare ansågs varken de nationella eller lokala riktlinjerna vara reviderade utifrån den senaste forskningen och evidensen. Studiens slutsats var att kliniker bör se över sina riktlinjer gällande oxytocinbehandling vid värksvaghet för att kunna erbjuda födande kvinnor i Sverige en jämlik och patientsäker vård.

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The N-heterocyclic carbene (NHCs) based pincer ligands field is still in its infancy after decades. They are known for their applications in organocatalysis, coordinating with transition metals and p-block elements, catalysis, and material chemistry. Among all NHCs, CCC-NHC-based on late-transition metal complexes were first developed by our group in 2005 with a unique metalation/transmetalation strategy. Our group also designed the chiral version of these CCC-NHC ligands to synthesize its metal complexes. However, their asymmetric catalytic applications were unknown. Wanting to expand on this work, we first successfully synthesized achiral CCC-NHC pincer complexes and their new catalytic application, as it is economically cheaper than directly working on developing a chiral version for catalysis. Then, different chiral CCC-NHC salts were synthesized based on different chiral arms and N-substituents on NHCs to modify their steric hindrance and electronic structure properties. These precursors were used for their enantioselective application in nucleophilic catalysis. In Chapter II, we will discuss the synthesis of the CCC-NHC pincer Ir (III) dimer complex and its first catalytic application in C−H functionalization of N-methylindoles with alpha-aryl-alpha-diazoacetates at the C-3. The best reaction conditions involve a combination of catalysts and substrates in a specific order. It resulted in the activation of the C-H bond with the formation of a new C-C bond to generate alpha-aryl-alpha-indolyl acetates with more than 99% conversion at room temperature without requiring any additives. The substrate scope and limitations of N-methyl indoles and diazoacetates were also explored. Chapter III will focus on a new modified synthetic route to synthesize and characterize chiral CCC-NHC chloride salts in a shorter synthetic route than the known one. The metalation/transmetalation of chiral CCC-NHC ligands with late transition metals and the initial attempt in asymmetric catalysis will be discussed in Chapter IV. Chapter, V, demonstrated nucleophilic catalysis of CCC-NHC precursors in benzoin condensation of aldehyde. The study started with the evaluation of fifteen different achiral bis-CCC-NHC salts based on triazole, imidazole, and benzimidazole. Further studies with chiral CCC-NHC salts also resulted in more than 99% conversion and 99% ee in benzoin products. The substrate scope of benzaldehyde with different substituents was also explored