Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 394-420).

A partir da apresentação dos contornos do conceito de populismo econômico, modelo de política econômica cuja pretensão é caracterizar experiências centradas no crescimento da economia em detrimento da estabilidade do nível de preços, elabora-se como objetivo central da pesquisa a investigação da aplicabilidade dessa categoria analítica em um momento histórico específico, qual seja, o governo João Goulart (1961-1964). Caracterizado como momento ímpar na história brasileira contemporânea, devido, principalmente, à grande mobilização social e ao acirramento da luta de classes, o debate na literatura econômica em torno da combinação de política implementada à época diverge quanto às origens do baixo desempenho então verificado: causas estruturais, conjunturais, “erros” dos policy-makers e “irracionalidade” da gestão econômica são alguns dos argumentos expostos. Nesse contexto, além do exposto, como objetivo secundário pretende-se, na medida em que se investiga a viabilidade da combinação de política, ou seja, sua congruência ou não com o modelo apresentado, analisar o próprio sentido da política econômica observada entre os anos de 1961 a 1964. Compreende-se que, mais do que resultado de determinada conjuntura política ou da exclusividade causal de fatores ligados à economia, variáveis políticas e econômicas interagem dialeticamente, construindo, nesse processo, o próprio sentido das medidas dos policy-makers. Dessa maneira, vislumbra-se não apenas a forma assumida pela gestão da economia, isto é, os ciclos então observados, mas, principalmente, seu conteúdo, compreendido como fruto de um cenário complexo em cujo cerne encontram-se as classes e as frações de classe em luta. / From the contours of the concept of economic populism, economic policy model characterized by experiments focused on economic growth at the expense of the stability of the price level, we analyze their applicability for specific historical moment, namely, the government of João Goulart (1961-1964). Characterized as unique moment in contemporary Brazilian history, mainly due to the great social mobilization and intensification of the class struggle, the debate in the economic literature around the combination of observed policy does not prepare a consensus regarding the origins of poor economic performance then checked: causes structural and conjunctural, "errors" of policy-makers and "irrationality" of economic policy are some of the arguments. In this context, it is intended, in that it investigates the feasibility of the combination of politics, that is, given its congruence or not to the model, analyze the very meaning of economic policy observed between the years 1961 to 1964 . It is understood that more than the result of particular political conjuncture or exclusive causal factors related to the economy, political and economic variables interact dialectically, building syntheses able to signify the historical process in which they operate. It is through this analysis that builds the reasons for adopting certain economic policy research and analytical validity of economic populism for the period considered.

A partir da apresentação dos contornos do conceito de populismo econômico, modelo de política econômica cuja pretensão é caracterizar experiências centradas no crescimento da economia em detrimento da estabilidade do nível de preços, elabora-se como objetivo central da pesquisa a investigação da aplicabilidade dessa categoria analítica em um momento histórico específico, qual seja, o governo João Goulart (1961-1964). Caracterizado como momento ímpar na história brasileira contemporânea, devido, principalmente, à grande mobilização social e ao acirramento da luta de classes, o debate na literatura econômica em torno da combinação de política implementada à época diverge quanto às origens do baixo desempenho então verificado: causas estruturais, conjunturais, “erros” dos policy-makers e “irracionalidade” da gestão econômica são alguns dos argumentos expostos. Nesse contexto, além do exposto, como objetivo secundário pretende-se, na medida em que se investiga a viabilidade da combinação de política, ou seja, sua congruência ou não com o modelo apresentado, analisar o próprio sentido da política econômica observada entre os anos de 1961 a 1964. Compreende-se que, mais do que resultado de determinada conjuntura política ou da exclusividade causal de fatores ligados à economia, variáveis políticas e econômicas interagem dialeticamente, construindo, nesse processo, o próprio sentido das medidas dos policy-makers. Dessa maneira, vislumbra-se não apenas a forma assumida pela gestão da economia, isto é, os ciclos então observados, mas, principalmente, seu conteúdo, compreendido como fruto de um cenário complexo em cujo cerne encontram-se as classes e as frações de classe em luta. / From the contours of the concept of economic populism, economic policy model characterized by experiments focused on economic growth at the expense of the stability of the price level, we analyze their applicability for specific historical moment, namely, the government of João Goulart (1961-1964). Characterized as unique moment in contemporary Brazilian history, mainly due to the great social mobilization and intensification of the class struggle, the debate in the economic literature around the combination of observed policy does not prepare a consensus regarding the origins of poor economic performance then checked: causes structural and conjunctural, "errors" of policy-makers and "irrationality" of economic policy are some of the arguments. In this context, it is intended, in that it investigates the feasibility of the combination of politics, that is, given its congruence or not to the model, analyze the very meaning of economic policy observed between the years 1961 to 1964 . It is understood that more than the result of particular political conjuncture or exclusive causal factors related to the economy, political and economic variables interact dialectically, building syntheses able to signify the historical process in which they operate. It is through this analysis that builds the reasons for adopting certain economic policy research and analytical validity of economic populism for the period considered.

A partir da apresentação dos contornos do conceito de populismo econômico, modelo de política econômica cuja pretensão é caracterizar experiências centradas no crescimento da economia em detrimento da estabilidade do nível de preços, elabora-se como objetivo central da pesquisa a investigação da aplicabilidade dessa categoria analítica em um momento histórico específico, qual seja, o governo João Goulart (1961-1964). Caracterizado como momento ímpar na história brasileira contemporânea, devido, principalmente, à grande mobilização social e ao acirramento da luta de classes, o debate na literatura econômica em torno da combinação de política implementada à época diverge quanto às origens do baixo desempenho então verificado: causas estruturais, conjunturais, “erros” dos policy-makers e “irracionalidade” da gestão econômica são alguns dos argumentos expostos. Nesse contexto, além do exposto, como objetivo secundário pretende-se, na medida em que se investiga a viabilidade da combinação de política, ou seja, sua congruência ou não com o modelo apresentado, analisar o próprio sentido da política econômica observada entre os anos de 1961 a 1964. Compreende-se que, mais do que resultado de determinada conjuntura política ou da exclusividade causal de fatores ligados à economia, variáveis políticas e econômicas interagem dialeticamente, construindo, nesse processo, o próprio sentido das medidas dos policy-makers. Dessa maneira, vislumbra-se não apenas a forma assumida pela gestão da economia, isto é, os ciclos então observados, mas, principalmente, seu conteúdo, compreendido como fruto de um cenário complexo em cujo cerne encontram-se as classes e as frações de classe em luta. / From the contours of the concept of economic populism, economic policy model characterized by experiments focused on economic growth at the expense of the stability of the price level, we analyze their applicability for specific historical moment, namely, the government of João Goulart (1961-1964). Characterized as unique moment in contemporary Brazilian history, mainly due to the great social mobilization and intensification of the class struggle, the debate in the economic literature around the combination of observed policy does not prepare a consensus regarding the origins of poor economic performance then checked: causes structural and conjunctural, "errors" of policy-makers and "irrationality" of economic policy are some of the arguments. In this context, it is intended, in that it investigates the feasibility of the combination of politics, that is, given its congruence or not to the model, analyze the very meaning of economic policy observed between the years 1961 to 1964 . It is understood that more than the result of particular political conjuncture or exclusive causal factors related to the economy, political and economic variables interact dialectically, building syntheses able to signify the historical process in which they operate. It is through this analysis that builds the reasons for adopting certain economic policy research and analytical validity of economic populism for the period considered.

In 2018, the Sweden Democrats party has gained 17.5 per cent of the votes during the Swedish general elections. Consequently, with this success, they became the third largest party in the riksdag. However, the party’s rapid growth has created several questions in the political arena and the Swedish society about the party’s ideological affiliations and evolutions. The political scientists, Mudde (2010) and Widfeldt (2008) argue that in order to understand a party’s improvements, it is important to explore a party’s ideological evolution. Scholars have argued that Sweden Democrats have normalized their ideas and values; adopted liberal values in some policy areas in order to attract a large number of voters, succeed and survive in the political system. The aim of this study is to explore the party’s idea/ideology changes since its creation in 1988 until present 2019. Hence, the main purpose is to find out if the core ideologies of the Sweden Democrats - that is nativism, authoritarianism and populism- as expressed in their party programs respectively electoral manifestos, are characterized by continuity or by normalization, and adaptation to liberal values. Using Marie Demker’s (1993) concept of ideology, ideal types for radical right populism and liberalism have been constructed as analytical tool. The study shows that throughout the years, the party’s nativist world view and strategy have been changed and normalized, the authoritarian world view has mainly been constant but the strategy has had major changes; shifted to liberal values, and finally regarding populism; both world view and strategy are characterized by continuity.

This paper examines the discourse among Czech political actors on George Soros, an American billionaire and philanthropist. The work is divided into two parts, one being theoretical and the second applied. The former defines the theoretical foundations of the study, which are then used to interpret the results of the quantitative content analysis. Given the main objective of this paper - to demonstrate that the discourse relating to the figure of George Soros is in line with the interpretation of the ​New Populism theory - the theoretical section introduces the concept of populism and its chief problematics, and subsequently describes the main characteristics of the theory of New Populism by the British political scientist, Paul Taggart. A theoretical dataset was constructed on the basis of this interpretation of populism, which is then used as a research framework for the practical analysis. The second part of this paper opens with a description of the research methodology. This includes an explanation of the process used to select research subjects, to compile the dataset (data collection methodology and definition of the time period), and to formulate the function and its variables. The next segment of the second part of this paper deals with George Soros himself, or more precisely, the wider...

This study aims at exploring a new phenomenon labelled here as green populism. Building on modern theories of populism and green ideology, this case-study is focused on finding which elements of green populism are present, if any, in Greta Thunberg’s discourse. Using a Qualitative Content Analysis methodology and what is known as a coding process, it was possible to determine that all six subcategories of green populism, defined by this study as a) ecological crisis of cosmic proportion, b) victimisation of "the people", c) blame attribution to "the elite", d) green radicalisation, e) trust in science, and finally, f) intergenerational justice, can be identified in Greta Thunberg’s speeches. The analysis leads to the conclusion that Greta Thunberg is a populist actor which combines both populism thin-centred ideology and green ideology into a new phenomenon: green populism. / <p>Contact: ac222sd@student.lnu.se</p>

CHARLES UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE Institute of Political Science Department of Geopolitical Studies Master's Thesis Populism and the Covid-19 Pandemic in Latin America: A Case Study of Brazil Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic confronted the world with a global health crisis like never before. Unlike some countries which were able to manage the crisis with little loss, some countries failed. This thesis offers an extensive analyses Brazil's Covid-19 response with a primary focus on President Bolsonaro's populist nature. It aims to discover a correlation between the political leadership style of populism and poor Covid-19 management in Brazil. In order to accomplish that, the two concepts of medical populism and the performance of crisis have been applied to the case study, by investigating Bolsonaro's social media presence and public statements. The results displayed that Bolsonaro attempted to perform a crisis by simplifying the crisis and propagating his performance, but untimely failed to successfully perform the crisis. In addition, the results also indicate that Bolsonaro exercised medical populism by attempting to pit the people against the establishment and creating a dramatic and spectacular depiction of a public health crisis. Ultimately, the research will conclude that Bolsonaro's...

Populism har de senaste åren blivit ett ökande fenomen i västvärlden, där partier och politiska aktörer som benämns som populistiska vinner alltmer mark. Även årets riksdagsval i Sverige följde denna trend, där Sverigedemokraterna (ett parti som har beskrivits som populistiskt) blev det näst största partiet och samarbetsparti till den nya regeringen. Trots kommunikationens viktiga roll inom populism har denna aspekt av populism i det stora hela oftast blivit förbisedd inom forskningen. Det gäller också tidigare forskning om populism i Sverige, som oftast har fokuserat på populistiska aktörers innehåll och deras ideologiska positioner. Tidigare forskning om populism i Sverige har också oftast fokuserat på partiet Sverigedemokraterna och inte studerat andra partiers användning av populism. Mot bakgrund av denna lucka i forskningen samt Sverigedemokraternas framgångar och konventionella partiers beslut att samarbeta med partiet, har denna studie valt att undersöka om och i sådana fall hur tre svenska politiska aktörer (Ulf Kristersson, Magdalena Andersson, Jimmie Åkesson) använder sig av populism i sin politiska kommunikation. Syftet har varit att undersöka hur populism som politisk kommunikation används och tar sig uttryck. Konkret har uppsatsen, genom en tematisk analys, analyserat de tre partiledarnas Almedalstal valåret 2022 och med hjälp av det teoretiska ramverket undersökt vilka populistiska element som kan urskiljas i talen och hur de används i den politiska kommunikationen. Studien identifierade att alla dessa tre politiska aktörer använde sig av populism för att mobilisera väljarstöd, men att de gjorde det med hjälp av populism på olika sätt, genom tre olika identifierade teman. Ulf Kristersson använde sig av det identifierade temat den rättfärdiga vinnaren genom att använda sig av populism för att framhålla sig själv och sin sida som den rättfärdiga och kompetenta vinnaren av valet. Jimmie Åkesson använde sig av populism i de identifierade temat landets räddare för att framställa Sverige som ett land i djup kris och han och hans parti som de enda om kan rädda landet. Till sist använde sig Magdalena Andersson av det identifierande temat mobiliseringen av en nationell gemenskap, där hon till skillnad från Kristersson och Åkesson använde sig av populism för att framhålla en enande svensk identitet och kultur som väljare kan identifiera sig med. Studiens resultat mynnar ut i en diskussion om användningen av begreppet populism och om man mer ska se populism som en komponent av politiska aktörers kommunikation och inte som ett definierande drag av politiska aktörers politiska identitet. Detta med tanke på att resultatet av studien visade att alla de politiska aktörerna använde sig av populism trots deras politiska och ideologiska skillnader. / In recent years, populism has become an increased phenomenon in the Western world, where parties and political actors that are called populist are increasingly gaining ground. This year's parliamentary elections in Sweden also followed this trend, where the Sweden Democrats (a party that has been described as populist) became the second largest party and a collaborating party to the new government. Despite the important role of communication in populism, this aspect of populism as a whole has often been overlooked in research. This applies to previous research on populism in Sweden, which usually focuses on the content of populist actors and their ideological positions. Previous research on populism in Sweden has also focused on the Sweden Democrats and not studied other parties' use of populism. Against this gap in the research and the Sweden Democrats successes and conventional parties' decisions to cooperate with the party, this study set out to analyze whether, and in such cases, how three Swedish political actors in the form of party leaders Magdalena Andersson, Ulf Kristersson and Jimmie Åkesson used populism in their political communication. The aim has been to examine how populism as political communication is used and expressed. Concretely, the essay has, through a thematic analysis, analyzed the Almedal speeches of the three party leaders in the election year 2022 and, with the help of the theoretical framework, examined which populist elements can be distinguished in the speeches and how they are used in political communication. The study identified that all these three political actors used populism to mobilize voter support, but that they did so using populism in different ways, through three different identified themes. Ulf Kristersson used the identified theme of the righteous winner by using populism to promote himself and his side as the righteous and competent winner of the election. Jimmie Åkesson used populism in the identified theme of the country's savior to portray Sweden as a country in deep crisis and he and his party as the only ones who can save the country. Finally, Magdalena Andersson used the identified theme of the mobilization of a national community, where, unlike Kristersson and Åkesson, she used populism to emphasize a unifying Swedish identity and culture that voters can identify with. The results of the study prompted a discussion about the use of the term populism and whether, given that the results of the study showed that all the political actors used populism despite their political and ideological differences, populism should be seen as a component of political actor’s communication and not as an identifying feature of a political actor's political identity.

This is a case study aiming to clarify the potentially outdated focus on the populist features in modern populist parties. By analyzing the right-wing populist party of Fidesz and the left-wing populist party of Syriza the aim is to clarify whether populism as a feature is descriptive enough to illustrate these parties, regardless their ideological stance, or whether ideology should be taken more into account than it tends to do today. To do this, the policies of each party are mapped to distinguish populist similarities, despite their ideological disparity and their differences. The analysis is delimited by the three pillars of civil society: Freedom of Associations, Freedom of Peaceful Assemblies and Freedom of Expression, referred to as the three pillars of civil society. The study shows that the descriptiveness of Fidesz as a right-wing populist party is conformed. However, the policies of Syriza demonstrate a variation of partially right-wing and left-wing populism, but also tendencies of no populism at all in their foreign policies. The descriptiveness of contemporary left-wing populist parties in the case of Syriza is thereby questionable.