I am creating this body of work based on how we as a society interact and utilize our every day valuable possessions. These would consist of personal items such as our keys, wallets and purses, As well as how well we are able to hide them from strangers, insofar as to where we personally choose to place them. It's interesting how many of us can be lackadaisical in this regard and as a result, many times don't carefully think about where we choose to place our valuable objects, until we lose them or worse, have them stolen.I am exploring the more thoughtful placement of these personal type possessions in our every day life, and how we have heretofore attempted to conceal them.

People generate vast quantities of digital information as a product of their interactions with digital systems and with other people. As this information grows in scale and becomes increasingly distributed through different accounts, identities, and services, researchers have studied how best to develop tools to help people manage and derive meaning from it. Looking forward, these issues acquire new complexity when considered in the context of the information that is generated across one’s life or across generations. The long-term lens of a multigenerational timeframe elicits new questions about how people can engage with these heterogeneous collections of information and how future generations will manage and make sense of the information left behind by their ancestors. My prior work has examined how people perceive the role that systems will play in the long-term availability, management, and interpretation of digital information. This work demonstrates that while people certainly ascribe meaning to aspects of their digital information and believe that there is value held in their largely uncurated digital materials, it is not clear how or if that digital information will be transmitted, interpreted, or maintained by future generations. Furthermore, this work illustrates that there is a tension between the use of digital systems as ways of archiving content and sharing aspects of one’s life, and an uncertainty about the long term availability of the information shared through those services. Finally, this work illustrates the ways in which existing systems do not meet the needs of current users who are developing archives of their own digital information nor of future users who might try and derive meaning from information left behind by other people. Building on that earlier work, my dissertation work investigates how we can develop systems that foster engagement with lifetimes or generations of digital information in ways that are sensitive to how people define and communicate their identity and how they reflect on their life and experiences. For this work, I built a website that uses people’s Facebook data to ask them to reflect on the ways their life has changed over time. Participants’ experiences using this website illustrate the types of information that are and are not captured by digital systems. In addition, this work highlights the ways in which people engage with memories, artifacts, and experiences of people who have passed away and considers how digital systems and information can support those practices. I also interviewed participants about their experiences researching their family history, the ways in which they remember people who’ve passed away, and unresolved questions they have about the past. The findings from this aspect of the work contribute a better understanding of how digital systems, and the digital information people create over the course of their lives, intersect with the processes of death, dying, and remembrance.

This thesis mainly elaborates on male and female characters¡¦ interaction with and response to property in Henry Fielding¡¦s Tom Jones. I divide property into two possessions: fortune and liberty. Fortune plays a controlling means to reflect the subtle change of human nature on the matter of morality. Also, the deprivation of liberty shows female¡¦s position in marriage and gender¡¦s equality in society. Either morality or gender issue is a challenge to tradition in the eighteenth century. I particularly analyze how Fielding puts these two issues into this novel and the messages he attempts to deliver to us. This thesis consists of three chapters. In chapter one, I focus on the interaction between human nature and property. In chapter two, I deal with male dominance over female autonomy in marriage. In the last chapter, I discuss the reverse positions between men and women as they stand upon in chapter two by the examples of Jones and his three lovers.

Žmonių teisės yra vienas iš fundamentalių pamatų bei šiuolaikinės žmonijos požymių, reikalaujančių ypatingos apsaugos. Europos lygmeniu žmogaus teises saugo 1950 m. Europos žmogaus teisių ir pagrindinių laisvių apsaugos konvencija su visais savo protokolais. Šiame darbe aktuali nuosavybės teisių apsauga, todėl nagrinėjamas konkrečiai Pirmojo protokolo 1 str. Magistro darbe atskleidžiamas specialus autentiškas Pirmojo protokolo 1 str. įtvirtintas nuosavybės teisės objektas. Ieškoma kriterijų, kuriais remiantis būtų galima atitinkamą turtą priskirti „possessions“ kategorijai. Tam, kad būtų geriau suvokta nuosavybės teisių apsauga, darbe taip pat analizuojama bendroji nuosavybės teisės samprata – lyginamos kontinentinės bei bendrosios teisės sistemos. Toliau magistro darbe nagrinėjamas Pirmojo protokolo 1 str. įtvirtintas nuosavybės teisių apsaugos mechanizmas. EŽTT konstatavo, kad minėtas protokolo straipsnis numato tris savarankiškas nuosavybės teisių apsaugą užtikrinančias taisykles: turto atėmimo, naudojimosi nuosavybe kontrolės bei kitokio nuosavybės teisės ribojimo taisykles. Aptariama kiekviena taisyklė bei jos numatytos nuosavybės teisės ribojimo sąlygos. Analizuojamos ne tik Pirmojo protokolo tekste numatytos, bet ir EŽTT suformuotos kišimosi į naudojimąsi nuosavybe teisėtumo sąlygos. Tyrimas daugiausiai grindžiamas „populiariausiais“ EŽTT sprendimais, kurie formavo EŽTT praktiką bei traukė teisės specialistų dėmesį. Aiškumo ir įdomumo dėlei pateikiama ne vienos bylos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Human rights are one of the most vital grounds of nowadays mankind and therefore, needs to be protected properly. The 1950 European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms provides protection for human rights in the European level. The protection of property rights is taking place in this paper so the first Article of the First protocol is being analysed. The paper analyses the authentic object of the property right, which is situated in the 1 st. Article of the First protocol. The search of the criterion, which could help to put particular asset into the category of “possession”, is being made. In order to understand the protection of property rights better, the general conception of property rights is analysed in this paper by comparing continental and common law systems. Further in the paper, the property rights protection mechanism provided in the 1 st. Article of the First protocol is being analysed. The Court stated that the above-mentioned article lays three distinct rules of property rights protection: deprivation rule, property control and other interference with property rights. Every single rule and its justifying conditions are discussed in the paper. The justifying conditions laid down in the First protocol Article 1 are analysed together with the conditions provided by the case-law of the Court. The research is mainly based on the most “popular“ judgements, which created the case-law of the Court and atrracted the attention of law... [to full text]

In two essays I investigate two antecedents of self-concept change in consumers: Threats to the self and the activated self-construal and its effect on goal conflict resolution. In the first essay, I explore identity strictly as consumers define themselves in terms of the possessions with which they associate. I argue that ironically the very effort to maintain self-consistency through living up to the value of materialism after facing a mortality salience threat can actually undermine consistency on the level of the extended self of highly materialistic consumers. Specifically, when faced with a mortality salience threat, the consistency of highly materialistic consumers self-concept is disrupted in which they not only detach from formerly intrinsic possessions, but also make formerly extrinsic possessions a more central part of the extended self-concept. I further argue that consumers can be protected from a disruption to self-concept consistency through the process of self-affirmation. In the second essay, I explore how the activated self-construal impacts whether consumers maximize pleasure or engage in self-presentational behavior after they have been invited to choose a gift for themselves. I demonstrate that consumers with an independent (interdependent) self-construal make more indulgent (modest) gift choices for themselves, and that this effect is driven by the activation of a goal to maximize pleasure (behave normatively appropriate). I also identify a boundary condition: When consumers are able to satisfy their activated goal before selecting a gift, the effects cease to exist. / Marketing

The Turkish trousseau, çeyiz in Turkish, connects contemporary brides to the traditions and responsibilities of women from previous generations while demonstrating how greater access to education shapes young women's choices as consumers, spouses, and daughters. An emotionally laden collection, the çeyiz entails intergenerational negotiations between mothers and daughters who collaborate to organize the bride's future furnishings, crystallizing their respective desires and differences. A variable collection of bedding, tablecloths, curtains, and embellishments, the çeyiz serves as the bride's contribution of domestic furnishings for the new couple's house An analysis of the trousseau engages with the past and the present revealing how young women's lives are being transformed over time. By comparing mothers with daughters, I demonstrate that, within one generation, young women have greater agency over their futures At the same time, however, they are expected to comply with the traditional roles of marriage, suggesting that their gains are not permanent. The trousseau's material and affective contents reveal the shifts--and continuities--in family relationships, marriage, and consumption engendered by Turkish modernity. Drawing on the analytical works of Annette Weiner, who researched Samoans, Trobrianders, and the Maoris, I approach the çeyiz as an "inalienable possession," connecting generations of women, mothers and daughters, who reproduce through it their expectations for marriage (Weiner 1992). This dissertation also considers the subjective implications of the çeyiz; it serves as a technology of self, honing women's skills and tastes in preparation for their future. The urban Turkish çeyiz reveals that young Turkish women desire new subjectivities, which they display through consumption and acquire through education. This research demonstrates that increased education influences how Istanbul brides select the contents of their çeyiz and envision their futures as wives. More than a symbol for marriage, the rapidly changing bridal çeyiz envelops Turkey's participation within the global economy, national identity, and investment in equalizing gender relations.

<p>This research investigates the interplay between self-worth and consumption, and explores the substantive phenomenon of trading up. Laboratory experiments were conducted in which participants were led to fail (or not) on an intelligence test, which threatened their feelings of self-worth (or not). Following the failure, participants made consumer choices. Of key interest was whether threatened self-worth would result in more "trading up" - that is, selecting more expensive products or retail stores. Results revealed that compared to consumers whose self-worth was not threatened, threatened consumers demonstrated more self-expressive consumption: trading up when a product portrayed "me" (high on self-relevance), or not trading up when a product portrayed "not me" (low on self-relevance). Self-relevance was operationalized in terms of choice sets (i.e., the choice between two Duke t-shirts vs. two white t-shirts) and individual differences in the tendency to consider material objects part of the self (this was measured via a questionnaire).</p><p>This research also examined two hypotheses regarding how consumption could, in turn, affect feelings of self-worth. The first hypothesis stated that negative feelings of self-worth can be immediately repaired via consumer decisions (here, the decision to trade up or not). Indeed, results revealed that among consumers whose feelings of self-worth were threatened, self-expressive consumption repaired negative feelings of self-worth. The second hypothesis stated that positive attachments between possessions and consumers' feelings of self-worth enable consumers to rely on possessions to protect self-worth. To test this, participants wrote about a possession that was important for who they are and how they feel about themselves (participants in a control condition wrote about a possession important to other people for this reason). Results showed that writing about a self-relevant possession before failing a test buffered the impact on feelings of self-worth. This finding was particularly robust for possessions important to consumers' social relationships.</p><p>These findings highlight the bright side of the relationship between consumption and self-worth: consumers respond to threats adaptively - sometimes spending more and sometimes spending less - and functionally - by making consumption decisions that repair self-worth and by relying on possessions to protect self-worth.</p> / Dissertation

No description available.

La fondation d'une collégiale dans la ville de Dole répond à un voeu très ancien, celui d’Othon IV, duc de Méranie et comte palatin de Bourgogne. La mort l’en empêche, c’est Mahaut d'Artois son épouse, qui fonde en 1304 un chapitre constitué de douze chanoines, avec quatre chapelains perpétuels appelés semi-prébendés, et un doyen qui possède une double prébende. Cette fondation répond à la nécessité pour la comtesse de disposer d’un clergé apte à assurer le service spirituel d’une ville et de sa chapelle. Ce chapitre est associé à une familiarité de 15 à 20 prêtres dont la particularité est qu’ils soient natifs de la cité doloise. Ce chapitre relève du pape et non de l'archevêque de Besançon, le pape se réserve l'investiture canonique des chanoines nommés par le roi. L’assise foncière et urbaine du chapitre est due à Mahaut d'Artois qui fait les premières fondations et donations. La période moderne voit se greffer une assise temporelle importante grâce aux volontés testamentaires des fidèles. Les possessions foncières du chapitre à l’extérieur de l’espace urbain (170 hectares) s'émiettent dans une dizaine ou vingtaine de kilomètres autour de Dole. En Haute-Saône, nous trouvons le prieuré de Marast (130 hectares de terres) où le chapitre seigneur féodal, règne en maître sur nombre de villages. Le chapitre dolois possède les fonctions de curé et prieur de Dole et imprègne la vie religieuse de la ville. Les chanoines assurent eux-mêmes la cura animarum, c’est-à-dire, qu’ils se chargent de toutes les messes de la paroisse en cette qualité, avec les rémunérations qui accompagnent les actes liturgiques, baptêmes, mariages, et enterrements. Les chanoines dolois sont convaincus qu’ils peuvent exercer une influence en profondeur sur les fidèles en mettant l’accent sur la gestuelle et le rite. Le chapitre touche aussi le produit des dîmes, c'est-à-dire entre 7 et 8 % des récoltes en tant que curé primitif. Originaires de la région et de la villeelle-même, les chanoines possèdent un réel bagage intellectuel que la municipalité doloise et les corps constitués de la ville savent utiliser. Les chanoines, sont représentés de façon non négligeable dans les structures de la ville, nous retrouvons leur présence dans l’université fondée en 1423 par le duc Philippe le Bon. Certains chanoines y occupent des postes de professeurs, d’autres siègent à la chambre des comptes ou au parlement de Dole. Le chapitre joue un rôle majeur dans les institutions à caractère charitable et hospitalier, comme l’hôpital général, la maison du Bon-Pasteur où un chanoine siège au conseil d’administration. A l'Hôtel–Dieu, un chanoine est toujours directeur, et ce en accord avec la ville. La prébende doloise fait partie d’un jeu local qui vise à placer un fils de la bourgeoisie ou de la noblesse au sein d’une communauté religieuse en fonction du prestige que sa famille peut en retirer. Les chanoines composent, à de très rares exceptions, un milieu homogène issu des milieux bourgeois dolois. Cette bourgeoisie judiciaire et marchande étroitement unie n’a de cesse de consolider sa position sociale et de « se farder de noblesse » grâce aux charges exercées. Avec ces 1 500 livres annuelles, au milieu du XVIIIe siècle, la prébende doloise paraît donc très attractive. Elle participe au désir d’ascension sociale d’une famille, et assure aux chanoines une modeste aisance. Etre chanoine de Dole c’est aussi faire partie des élites, le lévite dolois par sa fortune, son influence morale et religieuse peut se confondre avec les hommes de loi et plus particulièrement des notaires. Le chapitre de Dole reste à l’époque moderne le reflet de la position stratégique des familles doloises, d’une forme enviable de réussite, et d’un rôle majeur dans la vie religieuse doloise. / The foundation of a college in the town of Dole answers to a very old cvcwish, the one of Othon IV, duke of Mérany, count palatine of Burgundy. His death prevented him from achieving his dream. His wife Mahaut d’Artois founded a chapter in 1304, of twelve canons with four perpetual chaplains, named semi-prebends, and a dean who had a double prebend. This foundation met the need for the countess to have a clergy able to ensure a perpetual unit city a chapel. This chapter is associated with a familiarity of 15 to 20 priests coming from Dole. This chapter is under the pope is and not the archbishop’s responsability. The pope keeps the canonical investiture of the canons appointed by the king. The land and urban base of the chapter is due to Mahaut d’Artois, who did the first foundations and donations. The modern times sees graft an important temporal basis thank to the testamentary wishes of the faithful. The landholdings of the chapter outside the city disappeared in a dozen kilometers around Dole. In Haute Saône, we can find the priory of Marast (130 hectares of land) where the chapter feudal lords reigns supreme on many villages. The Dole chapter has the functions of priest and pervades the religious life of the city. The Dole chapter has the functions of priest and pervades the religious life of the city. The canons provide themselves the cura animarum that’s to say they take care of all masses in the parish, being paid for the liturgical actions, baptisms, weddings and funeral. The canons are convinced they can exert influence over the faithful with an emphasis on gesture and ritual.The chapter also gets the money from the tithes that is to say between 7 and 8 % of the crops as the first priest. Coming from the region an from the town itself, the canons are really intellectually gifted that the town of Dole and the elcted assemblies in the locale communities and the fnd trully there again in the ducke Philippe le Bon. Some canons are working as teachers there and some others sit at the chamber of accounts or at the Dole parliament. The chapterplays a very important part in the institutions dealing with charities and hospital waters, as the general hospital, the Bon Pasteur house in which a canon sits at the board of governors. At the Hotel Dieu, a camon is always at its head and this with the town’s agreement.The prebend from Dole is part of a local interplay which sets a son coning from the Bourgoisies or Nobility’s rignts among a religious community depending or the prestige that his family com be provided with. The canons build, with little exception, a homogenous group descended from the Dole Bourgoisie. This judicial and commercial Bourgoisie closely linked never stop strenghening its social stats and copying the nobility thanks to its duties. With this 1500 “livres per year, in the mid 18th century the Dole prebend therefore one seems very attractive. It contributests a family’s ”wish toreach social achievement and provides confortable living.To be a canon from Dole it with quitea is also to beloowg to the elite the Dole levite thanks to his wealth his morale influence can be compared to new of law and more particularly to sollicitoirsThe Dole etaper remains in modern times, the reflet of the strategic situation of the Dole choper remains in modern times , the reflect of anenivisable vison of achievement and of major part in the Dole religions life.

This is a study conducted in Zimbabwe which compared a group of 50 zvirvere zvechivanhu patients and a group of 50 non-patients in age, sex, marital status, level of education and claims of spirit possession. Claims of spirit possessions and types of spirits, as pointed out by Bennel (1982), were used as symptoms of zvirwere zvechivanhu. The two groups were also compared in symptom dimensions of the SCL-90-R used in the study. The SCL-90-R, developed by Derogatis (1975), is a 90-item symptom check list used to screen people for psychological problems reflected in the nine symptom dimensions of somatization, obsessive/ compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, psychoticism and in the three global scores of Global Severity Index, Positive Symptom Distress Index and Positive Symptom Total. The subjects were chosen from two different sites, using a systematic sampling method. Three statistical methods were used to analyze the data. The Chi-square was used to analyze data on descriptive variables. The T-test and 2 x 2 analysis of variance were used to analyze the data on symptom dimensions and global scores. The study had one main hypothesis and nine subhypotheses. The main hypothesis was that zvirwere zvechivanhu patients were significantly different from the non-patients on the overall global scores. The nine subhypotheses stated that the patient and non-patient groups were significantly different in the nine separate symptom dimensions. The study concluded that the zvirwere zvechivanhu patients were significantly different from the non-patients in the overall global scores. In the nine separate symptom dimensions, it was concluded that the two groups were the same in all except the somatization and obsessive/compulsive system dimensions.