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Three interventions using public posting and review of client data in order to increase the effectiveness of staff implementation of functional communication training (FCT) within a school setting were compared. These interventions included: public review and posting of client data, public review and posting of client data paired with a coded shape for each staff member, and public review and posting of client data paired with a coded shape for each staff member with added reinforcement incentives. There were three student participants and three staff participants. For two student participants, FCT increased from baseline through intervention phases and staff were more likely to implement functional communication training during the final phase where reinforcement was added for the staff. Added reinforcement increased staff implementation of FCT paired with public review and posting of client data. For the third participant, results varied, but staff implemented the most during the public review and posting phases compared to baseline and reached a mean of 10 responses per session. There was also a negative correlation between functional communication responses (FCR) and challenging behaviors for two participants. This supports previous research and demonstrates the value of functional communication training as a behavior intervention tactic. / Applied Behavioral Analysis

In the past decade, a fundamental research topic in the information systems (IS) discipline has been to examine the value of online platforms on businesses, society, and consumers, notably in the form of improved efficiency in information sharing, consumer engagement, and increased sales. However, the risks rooted in online platforms may cannibalize the value created, which have received limited attention in the literature and practice. In my dissertation, I attempt to fill this gap in the literature by providing a comprehensive analysis of the risks of online platforms from the angle of these three main entities in the ecosystem with three separate yet related essays. The first essay focuses on the risks for businesses that leverage social media platforms, and assesses how their posting on social media fan pages affects consumers’ decision to purchase and unfollow from the firms. The second essay focuses on the risks of fake news on social media and how social media platforms may use identity verification to reduce online anonymity and combat this increasingly critical social problem. The third essay focuses on estimating the risks of using monetary incentives to motivate consumers to write online product reviews, and examines how such strategy may affect product sales. Our studies have theoretical and practical implications for designing effective online platform information systems. / Business Administration/Management Information Systems

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This thesis deals with the institute of the temporary posting of workers in the framework of the provision of services between the member states of the European Union. It aims to describe in detail and to analyse the legal regulation of the issue and to highlight the uncertainties that occur during the realisation of the posting. The first part deals with the primary law of the European Union and with the related jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union, while emphasising the link to the internal market and the freedom to provide services. The second part deals with the detailed analysis of the Directive 96/71/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 1996 concerning the posting of workers in the framework of the provision of services which represents the basic regulation of the posting of workers at the European level. It is followed by the third part which deals with the later adopted Directive 2014/67/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 on the enforcement of Directive 96/71/EC concerning the posting of workers in the framework of the provision of services which seeks to prevent fraudulent practices and provide better information on the labour law conditions to be applied to posted workers. Part four deals with the proposal for...

The purpose with this study was to examine whether gender moderate the associationbetween body satisfaction and posting photos of exercise and training on Instagram. We usedan online survey to collect our participants that we posted in a local social network site forstudents in a swedish medium sized city (n = 239). The results of the moderated regressionanalysis showed that gender affect the association between body satisfaction and postingphotos of exercise and training on Instagram. As we hypothesized, men who rated high inbody satisfaction posted more photos of exercise and training on Instagram. Women’s postingof exercise and training on Instagram was not affected by their levels of body satisfaction. / Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om kön modererar associationen mellankroppstillfredsställelse och att publicera foton av motion och träning på Instagram. Vi utfördeen webbaserad enkätundersökning som vi publicerade på en webbplats för studenter i ensvensk mellanstor stad (n = 239). Resultatet av moderation regressionsanalysen visade attkön påverkade associationen mellan kroppstillfredsställelse och att publicera foton av motionoch träning på Instagram. Enligt vår hypotes så visade resultatet att män med hög nivå avkroppstillfredsställelse publicerade mer foton av motion och träning på Instagram. Kvinnorspublicerande av motion- och träningsfoton på Instagram påverkades inte av deras nivå avkroppstillfredsställelse.

This master thesis is devoted to tax issues of international hiring out of labour and aims to summarize this field into a complete overview. The Institute of international hiring out of labour brings us to a three-sided relationship where the employer is leased by his legal employer to an economic employer who enjoys the fruits and benefits of his work. The work is structured into five chapters. The first two chapters outline the current situation and general concepts. The third chapter can be considered as crucial. In this part of the master thesis is described the tax impact on a leased employee and the employer's business. The tax consequences for the legal employer are mentioned only in connection with the formation of a permanent establishment. The following chapter deals with some of the problems that occur in practice, and that is the confusion of the Institute of international hiring out of labour for contract for the work. The last chapter deals with some aspects of international hiring out of labour in the German Federal Republic.

A bank borrowing some money has to give some securities to the lender, which is called collateral. Different kinds of collateral can be posted, like cash in different currencies or a stock portfolio depending on the terms of the contract, which is called a Credit Support Annex (CSA). Those contracts specify eligible collateral, interest rate, frequency of collateral posting, minimum transfer amounts, etc. This guarantee reduces the counterparty risk associated with this type of transaction. If a CSA allows for posting cash in different currencies as collateral, then the party posting collateral can, now and at each future point in time, choose which currency to post. This choice leads to optionality that needs to be accounted for when valuing even the most basic of derivatives such as forwards or swaps. In this thesis, we deal with the valuation of embedded optionality in collateral contracts. We consider the case when collateral can be posted in two different currencies, which seems sufficient since collateral contracts are soon going to be simplified. This study is based on the conditional independence approach proposed by Piterbarg [8]. This method is compared to both Monte-Carlo simulation and finite- difference method. A practical application is finally presented with the example of a contract between Natixis and Barclays.

Children who are physically inactive are more likely to suffer numerous health complications such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. The Good Behavior Game (GBG) has been identified as an effective method for decreasing inappropriate behaviors and increasing appropriate behaviors in a variety of settings; however, few studies have used the GBG to increase physical activity. Furthermore, no previous research has evaluated the effects of feedback while playing the GBG to increase physical activity. Some research suggests certain characteristics of feedback tend to produce consistent changes in behaviors such as providing feedback immediately and privately. The purpose of the current study was to extend previous research and evaluate whether the addition of feedback to the Step it UP! Game, a modified version of the GBG has an impact on children’s step counts. A reversal (ABCAB) design was used to examine the number of steps students took during baseline (A), the Step it UP! Game (B), and the Step it UP! Game with feedback (C). Sealed pedometers were distributed to 21 students from a fifth-grade general education classroom. The results of this study suggest that the Step it UP! Game with feedback did not enhance the number of steps taken during recess. Additionally, the Step it UP! Game (with and without feedback) did result in a slight increase in mean steps per min during recess initially but, these steps did not maintain overtime.

This doctoral thesis discusses temporary movements of service providers in the EU Internal Market. Movements such as posting of workers of cross-border movements of self-employed persons constitute one of the pillars of freedom to provide services. As granted by the Treaty on functioning of the European Union, businesses may temporarily conduct entrepreneurial activities in another EU Member State without being established there. Typical cases include installation of equipment purchased by a resident of another EU country, short-term construction works, trainings of personnel in foreign companies etc. Posted workers remain employed by a company in their country of origin and do not seek access to labour markets in the host state. Self-employed persons run their business activities based on a trade license issued in the country of origin and do not set up a business in the country of destination. Nevertheless, in contrast to freedom of establishment, such activities need to be of a temporary -- not repeating, irregular, not continuous - character. In practice, this definition is rather vague and there is no clear frontier between temporary movements and freedom of establishment. Temporary character of postings raises the question how to obtain statistics on numbers of persons providing services through temporary movements or volume of corresponding services. Given the level of integration, there are no statistics based on traditional movements' observing such as visa or work permits. Lack of information about providers' flows may lead to difficulties in estimating the impact of related barriers as well as benefits from further liberalization. The Services Directive 2006/123/EC is the most recent norm regulating provision of services in the Internal Market. Since the final version does not contain the most progressive provisions such as country of origin principle, we may examine whether it is targeted at barriers faced by the businesses during temporary movements. Taking in account all above mentioned topics, this thesis provides complex multi-disciplinary analysis of conditions for provision of services with temporary movements of natural persons in the Internal Market. In particular, it tests following hypotheses: 1. Due to depth of integration and subsequent abolition of visa and work permit requirements; there is a lack of statistical resources on provision of services with temporary movements of natural persons. With existing tools, reliable statistics cannot be obtained. 2. Lack of statistical data on temporary movements prevents us from quantifying impacts of remaining barriers to temporary postings. 3. Nevertheless, there is evidence on persisting discriminatory barriers to postings by most vulnerable businesses - Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). 4. The implementation of Services Directive in its final version has only a limited impact on elimination of barriers which hinder temporary postings by SMEs. The first and second hypotheses were rejected, hypothesis three and four confirmed. Movement of providers, as well as its impact on labour markets of host countries may be estimated via E 101 or A 1 forms issued by national social security authorities. Subsequently, indices of restrictiveness may be constructed following to data collection at national levels or databases. Data mining from SME feedback database proved that Member States still maintain barriers such as license requirements, work permit requirements or lengthy procedures on recognition of qualifications. During the reference period 2006-9 the SMEs mostly complained about problems related to value-added tax, qualification issues or labour law provisions applicable on postings of workers. Such areas are, however, exempt form the scope of the Services Directive. Given the complexity of analysis, findings of this thesis may be used both in practice and academic field.