La tesi esplora le sfide poste al diritto del lavoro e alla politiche europee dal distacco di lavoratori, illustrando le sue complesse relazioni con le libertà economiche da un lato e con i diritti sociali dall’altro. In particolare, si propone una analisi della normativa europea alla luce della sua interpretazione da parte della Corte di Giustizia Europea e della concreta applicazione da parte delle autorità pubbliche. Il lavoro è arricchito da evidenze di tipo quantitativo e qualitativo sui flussi e sulle condizioni lavorative dei lavoratori distaccati, incluse le attività e i risultati di progetti volti a migliorare la comprensione del fenomeno rafforzando, al contempo, le capacità di ispettorati e sindacati. Le conclusioni propongono diversi percorsi di riforma, ispirati da visioni alternative dell’equilibrio tra libertà economiche e diritti sociali. / The thesis explores challenges posed to labour law and to European policies by the posting of workers, highlighting its complex relations with economic freedoms on the one side and with social rights on the other side. This is done by providing an analysis of EU-level law provisions in the light of their interpretation by the European Court of Justice and implementation by public authorities. The work is integrated by quantitative and qualitative evidences on flows and working conditions of posted workers, including activities and outcomes of projects meant to improve understanding of the phenomenon while empowering stakeholders, such as inspectorates and unions. The conclusions propose different pathways to reform posting rules, inspired by alternative visions on the balance between economic freedoms and social rights.

The proposed tool will provide users with a platform to access a side-by-side comparison of classroom assessment and job posting requirements. Using techniques and methodologies from NLP, machine learning, data analysis, and data mining: the employed algorithm analyzes job postings and classroom assessments, extracts and classifies skill units within, then compares sets of skills from different input volumes. This effectively provides a predicted alignment between academic and career sources, both federal and industrial. The compilation of tool results indicates an overall accuracy score of 82%, and an alignment score of only 75.5% between the input assessments and overall job postings. These results describe that the 50 UNT assessments and 5,000 industry and federal job postings examined, demonstrate a compatibility (alignment) of 75.5%; and, that this measure was calculated using a tool operating at an 82% precision rate.

No description available.

Posting advisory speed signs at sharp horizontal curve sites is a practice well established in the United States. The purpose of these signs is to provide the driving public with a safe speed to negotiate such curves; however, the link between these signs and safety has not yet been clearly established. The first manuscript in this dissertation presents an effort to model safety as it relates to curve advisory speed signs. It proposes a statistical model relating crash frequency at 2-lane rural highways in Oregon to curve advisory speed signs and other influential factors. The Advisory Speed Crash Factor (ASCF) emerges as a sub-model that characterizes the safety effect of advisory speed signs. Results indicate that safety may be compromised if the advisory speed is either excessively prohibitive or excessively permissive. The second manuscript extends the use of the proposed ASCF to develop the OSU posting method, a new procedure that procures the "optimal" advisory speed derived from the ASCF. A field validation analysis, also presented in this manuscript, verified the meaningfulness of the proposed ASCF sub-model. The third manuscript outlines another methodology, named 'the Hybrid OSU Posting Method' in an effort to mitigate the well documented variability associated with using the Ball Bank Indicator (BBI). This method determines the advisory speed using the BBI in combination with the ASCF. Though benefits in safety performance and consistency resulted from using the Hybrid OSU method, this method is still outperformed by the computational OSU method. / Graduation date: 2012 / Access restricted to the OSU Community at author's request from May 25, 2012 - May 25, 2013

The aim of this master thesis is to analyse practical impacts of special rules for determination of applicable legislation in accordance with the Regulation No. 883/2004 and its implementing Regulation No. 987/2009. Further the thesis seeks to identify potential negative effects connected to application of the single insurance principle as well as deficiencies arising out of practical performance of European coordination and to discuss the eventual solutions to undesirable effects caused by weak sides of coordination regulations. The thesis is divided into four chapters: an introduction is followed by a chapter about general principles of European coordination of social security systems and about current developments in this field. The topic of a second part is an institute of posting according to Art. 12 of the Regulation No. 883/2004, a distinction here is made between employees and self-employed persons. This chapter further contains procedural rules and an overview of issued portable documents A1 (E 101 forms) during the years 2009 - 2011. Third chapter deals with pursuit of activities in two or more Member States in accordance to Art. 13 of the Regulation No. 883/2004. Special attention is paid to a fine line between posting and pursuit of activities. A problem with retroactive determination of applicable legislation is discussed in the last subchapter of the thesis. This problem is being recently solved by Czech institutions and employers. They are trying to find a solution preventing negative consequences of such a retroactive determination. Exception governed in Art. 16 of the Regulation No. 883/2004 is a subject of the fourth chapter. Situations where an exception is a possible and suitable solution are presented here as well as statistics about requests for exemption from Czech resp. foreign laws.

This thesis focuses on the position of the Czech Republic towards the proposal of the revision of the Posting of Workers Directive, which was introduced by the European Commission in March 2016. Although the Czech Republic's statement was negative in March 2016, the Czech position supported the proposal during final voting in the Council in June 2018. The thesis aims at identifying causes of the position change using the Advocacy Coalition Framework and at confirming the main proposition, that change of the position may be explained by an existence of advocacy coalitions which tried to enforce their beliefs. The thesis concludes that the main proposition may be confirmed only partially. Although the existence of two advocacy coalitions with opposing beliefs was identified, it is not possible to claim absolutely that this is the true reason of the change. Two hypothesis were defined. First one is based on existence of the external sources whose presesnce was confirmed, as well as their dominant influence on the change. Therefore, this hypothesis was confirmed. The second hypothesis was disproved. The second coalition was much weaker and rather passive than the first one, so there was no need to overcome the "hurting stalemate" situation at the national level. The change was not absolute. It should...

Les adolescentes et adolescents multiplient leurs activités sur Instagram, Snapchat, Tiktok et autres réseaux sociaux. Cette présence en ligne inquiète puisque plusieurs recherches corrèlent l’exposition aux écrans à certains impacts négatifs sur le bien-être. Ces préoccupations vis-à-vis le temps-écran mènent l’État, les entreprises et les organismes communautaires à proposer des recommandations qui visent l’autorégulation. Bien qu’intéressante, cette approche en prévention éclipse les dynamiques collectives mises en lumière par les études en sciences sociales qui rapportent la perspective des ados, suggérant que les réseaux sociaux jouent un rôle important dans le maintien de relations sociales et l’expression personnelle. Cette thèse se penche sur les façons dont les personnes adolescentes participent collectivement et au quotidien à la médiatisation de pratiques sociales dans l’écosystème des plateformes, particulièrement via les réseaux sociaux. Elle rappelle l’importance d’écouter les ados avec leur allégresse, leurs incertitudes et leurs contradictions, afin d’incorporer davantage les questions sociales lorsqu’on parle de leur utilisation des réseaux sociaux, notamment en développant des interventions qui les concernent. L’aspect social de la question de recherche est d’abord observé à travers le concept sensibilisateur de la deep mediatization, rappelant que les pratiques mises en données aujourd’hui sont le berceau des transformations sociales de demain. Avec une attention particulière à l’écosystème des plateformes, les mécanismes de datafication, commodification et sélection ainsi que les affordances permettent de faire un pont entre l’expérience rapportée par les jeunes, la formation de normes sociales, et l’architecture des réseaux sociaux. Mobilisant une méthodologie qualitative, cette démarche donne une voix à des jeunes de 14 à 17 ans de milieux différents, en documentant leur expérience des médias sociaux grâce à une analyse thématique de 19 entrevues et de 2 groupes de discussion. Les résultats de la thèse documentent les façons nuancées dont les personnes adolescentes composent avec leurs relations sociales et la panoplie de fonctionnalités pour converser, publier et scroller. Ces pratiques sociales génèrent des données qui peuvent bénéficier aux réseaux sociaux, et nous invitent à considérer l’ado non pas comme une victime des effets des plateformes, mais comme une personne occupant un rôle actif dans le façonnement de leur écosystème. Cinq normes sont identifiées pour étudier la force injonctive du collectif dans les pratiques des ados: 1) la sensibilité à autrui au moment de converser; 2) la disponibilité en tout temps pour converser; 3) la fréquence et la qualité du contenu partagé selon le type de publication; 4) se présenter authentiquement conforme et 5) scroller sur les réseaux sociaux les plus populaires. Enfin, on apprend que les ados considèrent davantage les relations sociales que les fonctionnalités lorsqu’une pratique est collectivement imbriquée, comme l’entretien d’une conversation médiatisée ou la publication. Et à l’opposé, les ados se disent plus affecté.e.s par les fonctionnalités du réseau social quand l’activité est réalisée individuellement, comme scroller. Comprendre l’agentivité de l’environnement en ligne et son processus normatif selon le caractère social d’une pratique nous informe de nouvelles manières d’intervenir auprès des ados pour une utilisation plus lucide du numérique. / Adolescents are using Instagram, Snapchat, Tiktok and other social media more than ever before. Their increased presence online is worrisome because a number of studies establish correlations between screen time and negative impacts on well-being. Concerns about the amount of time spent with screens have led governments, companies and community organizations to issue recommendations that call for self-regulation of time spent online. Despite its benefits, this approach to prevention fails to consider the collective dynamics highlighted by social science research that, drawing on adolescents’ perspectives, illustrate the important role of social media in personal expression and maintaining social relationships. This thesis examines the ways in which adolescents participate collectively and on a daily basis in the mediatization of social practices within an ecosystem of platforms, particularly through their activities on social media. It argues for the importance of listening to adolescents’ voices, with all their enthusiasm, uncertainties, and contradictions, in order to look beyond individual uses of social media when designing programs and interventions that concern them. We frame our observations using the sensitizing concept of deep mediatization, that reminds us how today’s data practices are the source of tomorrow’s societal transformations. Within an ecosystemic perspective on digital platforms, the concept of affordances establishes links between the mechanisms of datafication, commodification and selection, platform architectures, the formation of social norms and youth’s experiences on social media. Using a qualitative methodology, we documented the social media experiences of young people aged 14 to 17 from a variety of backgrounds, through a thematic analysis of 19 interviews and two focus groups. The results document the subtle ways that adolescents manage their social relationships and the multiple functionalities offered by these media to converse online, post content and scroll. While direct messaging, posting and scrolling all generate data that fuel the economic model of various social media platforms, the active role of young people on social media invites us to consider adolescents not as victims needing protection from social media but as fullfledged participants in shaping their ecosystem. The injunctive effect of the community on adolescents’ practices is apparent in five norms identified from their comments : 1) being sensitive to others while direct messaging; 2) the expectation of constant availability to converse online; 3) implicit rules about the frequency and quality of content posted according to the type of publication; 4) presenting oneself authentically while fitting in (i.e. being a unique individual but not too different); and 5) scrolling on the most popular social media. Our results demonstrate that when a practice is collectively configured and visible, as in the case direct messaging or posting, adolescents rely heavily on social cues and relationships and platform functionalities have limited effects. In contrast, they appear to be more dependent on what the platforms propose when an activity, like scrolling, is primarily individual. Understanding how the agency of the online environment and the normative processes at work vary according to the social characteristics of different social media practices opens the door to imagining new ways of intervening in order to encourage a more lucid use of digital environments by youth.

No description available.

The goal of this thesis is the individual types of debts characteristic including their control, posting and taxation incidence in a concrete business company. The thesis is divided into some separate chapters. In the first chapter there is described the selected business company making in a branch of production and trade. The second chapter refers to debts posting including tax aspects. It is concentrated on accounting transaction, that are accounted differently in the company by posting said in the theoretical part of the thesis or that occur extra here. From tax aspects it is mentioned not only their posting but also the way and amount of the creation of adjusting items to overdue outstanding debts and write-off. It is also said their impact on economic result and tax base in 2008 here. The last chapter engages debts control. First it is made financial analysis of debts, time test and Marko analysis. Later on it is described the current system of debts control related to business conditions, customers information, safety instruments and recovery of debts.