O propósito deste trabalho foi verificar a reprodutibilidade bem como a repetibilidade do método de avaliação postural por meio da fotogrametria computadorizada. Para isto 21 indivíduos, com idade 24,2 ± 1,3 anos de idade, foram fotografados em posição anterior, posterior, perfil e face. Para realização destas fotografias foram demarcados sobre a pele pontos anatômicos que são normalmente utilizados na avaliação postural tradicional. A partir destes pontos foram analisados diferentes ângulos através do aplicativo ALCimagem-2000. Para a análise interexaminador as fotos foram avaliadas por três examinadores diferentes e os resultados comparados. Para a análise intraexaminador as mesmas fotos foram avaliadas pelo mesmo examinador em duas ocasiões diferentes com um mês de intervalo. Para a análise da repetibilidade do método os voluntários foram fotografados duas vezes com intervalo de uma semana e as fotos avaliadas pelo mesmo examinador. Para comparação dos resultados intra e interexaminadores foram aplicados o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse. Os resultados revelaram que o método proposto apresenta significativa confiabilidade interexaminadores. Dos ângulos estatisticamente confiáveis, alguns tiveram menor coeficiente de confiabilidade, principalmente os ângulos do plano sagital referentes às curvaturas vertebrais, como lordose cervical, cifose torácica e lordose lombar. Na avaliação intra-examinador só não apresentou confiabilidade o ângulo da cifose torácica. Na repetibilidade do método somente o ângulo inferior da escápula não apresentou confiabilidade. Portanto, a fotogrametria computadorizada sugere ser um método confiável para avaliação postural no plano frontal anterior e posterior. Porém, para a análise no plano sagital necessita de mais estudos para definir parâmetros de normalidade das curvaturas vertebrais. / The purpose of this work was to verify the reproducibility, as well as the method repeatibility for postural evaluation through photogrammetry. For that, 21 individuals being 24,2 ??1,3 years old were photographed in anterior, posterior, profile and face positions. To perform these photos, several anatomic sites, which are often used in the traditional postural evaluation, were marked on the skin. Different angles from these sites were examined through the program ALCimagem-2000. For the inter-examiner analysis, the photos were evaluated by three different examiners whose results were compared. For the intra-examiner analysis, the same photos were evaluated by the same examiner in two different occasions. For the analysis of the repeatibility of the method, the volunteers were photographed twice with a period of a week interval, and the photos were evaluated by the same examiner. For comparing inter and intraexaminer results, the intra-class correlation coefficient was applied. The results revealed that the proposed method presented good inter-examiner reliability. From the statistically reliable angles, some had a lesser reliability coefficient, mainly the sagital plane angles referring to vertebral flexures such as the cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, and lumbar lordosis. In the intra-examiner evaluation, just the thoracic kyphosis angle hasn\'t presented reliability. As for the repeatibility of the method just the inferior scapular angle haven\'t presented reliability. Thus, computerized photogrammetry seem be a reliable method for postural evaluation on the frontal, anterior and posterior planes. However, the sagital plane needs more studies to define normality parameters for the vertebral flexures.

Orientador: Cecilia Guarnieri Batista / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T13:02:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lopes_FernandaFonsecadosSantos_M.pdf: 1096248 bytes, checksum: 537383fa9ca6273e3f72c402b0350fc6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A criança de 10 a 13 anos está em fase de crescimento e desenvolvimento, a literatura destaca que a flexibilidade é maior nessa fase, porém, aponta para uma alta prevalência de alterações posturais na coluna dessa população. A Ginástica Holística se relaciona com a postura e flexibilidade através dos processos metodológicos utilizados em cada aula. Nelas são abordados os seguintes aspectos: relaxamento, respiração, alongamento e equilíbrio. Objetivo: Relacionar a prática de Ginástica Holística com postura e flexibilidade em meninas de 10 a 13 anos. Método: Estudo de caráter experimental com meninas de 10 a 13 anos de escolas públicas dos municípios de Campinas/SP e Hortolândia/SP. A amostra constituiu-se de 43 meninas saudáveis (22 no grupo experimental e 21 no grupo controle). Foi feita a avaliação postural quantitativa através da fotogrametria (software de avaliação postural SAPO) para analisar e mensurar a postura e flexibilidade das meninas. A flexibilidade foi medida também pelo teste da distância do 3º dedo ao solo. Após a avaliação foram realizadas 9 aulas de Ginástica Holística com o grupo experimental. Resultados: Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente, adotando-se o nível de significância 5%. Para comparação das alterações posturais entre grupos foi utilizado o teste de Mann-Whitney e para comparação de medidas numéricas entre os dois grupos ao longo do tempo foi utilizada a ANOVA. Em relação à postura os resultados demonstram que, após a intervenção, as participantes do grupo experimental apresentaram redução significativa na diferença do comprimento dos membros (CMI) e uma aproximação do padrão de verticalidade (AVCE). Constatou-se também um aumento na extensão coxo-femoral para os dois grupos. Em termos de flexibilidade, houve diferenças significativas: as participantes do grupo experimental apresentaram maior flexibilidade nas medidas (MF1), (MF2) e (MF3) / Abstract: The 10 to 13-year old child is in a growth and development stage. Literature emphasizes that flexibility is greater at this stage, although it also indicates a high prevalence of postural alterations in this population's spine. Holistic Gymnastics relates itself to posture and flexibility through methodological processes used in each class, in which aspects such as relaxation, respiration, stretching and balance are approached. Aim: To relate the practice of Holistic Gymnastics to posture and flexibility in 10 to 13- year-old females. Method: A study of experimental character with 10 to 13- year- old females of the towns of Campinas/SP and Hortolândia/SP. The sample constituted of 43 healthy girls (22 in the experimental group and 21 in the control group). The quantitative postural evaluation was carried out through photogrammetry (SAPO postural evaluation software) to analyze and measure the girls' posture and flexibility. Flexibility was also measured through the third-toe-to-the-ground distance test. After the evaluation, 9 Holistic Gymnastics classes were conducted with the experimental group. Results: Data was analyzed statistically, and the 5% significance level was adopted. The Mann-Whitney test was used for comparison of the postural alterations between groups, and ANOVA was used to compare the numeric measures between the 2 groups over time. In relation to posture, the results demonstrate that, after intervention, the participants in the experimental group showed a significant reduction in the difference of lower limb length (CMI) and an approximation of the verticality pattern (AVCE) - vertical body alignment left lateral view. An increase in the coxofemoral extension was also found for the 2 groups. In terms of flexibility, there were significant differences: the experimental group participants showed greater flexibility in the measures (MF1), (MF2) and (MF3) / Mestrado / Interdisciplinaridade e Reabilitação / Mestra em Saúde, Interdisciplinaridade e Reabilitação

Orientador: René Brenzikofer / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T08:14:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paula_MarceloCostade_D.pdf: 1777206 bytes, checksum: e59f991141b210bd6eb2dc978417330d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O objetivo da presente pesquisa é analisar a postura durante a ortostase e em diferentes situações de locomoção. Foram avaliados indivíduos saudáveis com idades entre 16 e 45 anos. No primeiro capítulo foi analisada a postura durante a marcha e a coluna foi modelada de duas formas distintas. A primeira foi adaptada de Frigo et al. (2003) e a segunda forma de modelagem foi proposta por Brenzikofer et al. (2000). No segundo capítulo foi analisado o alinhamento vertebral na postura ortostática e a curva neutra da coluna durante a marcha. Nestes dois primeiros capítulos foi empregada a anova com medidas repetidas e o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse para análise estatística. No terceiro capítulo foi analisado, durante a marcha, a postura do tronco e a curvatura vertebral em diferentes períodos do dia. No quarto capítulo foi investigado o comportamento do tronco e das curvas fisiológicas da coluna, durante a marcha e a corrida em esteira, em três inclinações de locomoção (-6º/0º/+6º). Nestes dois últimos capítulos foi empregada a anova one way e, quando necessário, o teste de comparação múltipla de Tukey. Todas as análises foram realizadas em ambiente Matlab e a significância estatística adotada foi menor que 5%. Os resultados mostraram que os picos de curvatura geométrica são mais consistentes para representar cifose/lordose do que as variáveis angulares. Além disto, o método proposto por Brenzikofer et al. (2000) parece ser menos suscetível a erros oriundos da marcação do dorso. No segundo e terceiro capítulo foi verificado que o protocolo dinâmico proporciona maior reprodutibilidade das medidas posturais do que a situação ortostática e que o tronco e a coluna apresentam adaptações consideráveis devido ao horário da avaliação, respectivamente. No último capítulo foi observado que o aumento da inclinação da superfície de locomoção ocasiona uma maior projeção do tronco para frente e retificação da curvatura vertebral. Sugere-se a utilização dos picos de curvatura geométrica para representação da coluna. Recomenda-se o uso do protocolo de avaliação dinâmico (marcha) e que se tenha cautela ao monitorar a progressão/regressão dos desvios na coluna já que o horário da avaliação pode proporcionar adaptações nas variáveis posturais que são inerentes ao ritmo circadiano. Sugere-se que indivíduos acometidos por disfunções na coluna vertebral sejam cuidadosos ao realizar atividades locomotoras no aclive e declive / Abstract: The purpose of this research is to analyze the posture during upright posture and locomotion and is going to be presented in four chapters. The sample consisted of healthy individuals aged between 16 and 45 years old. In the first chapter we analyzed the posture during walking in treadmill using two different models to the define the spine. The first spine model was adapted from Frigo et al. (2003) and the second model was proposed by Brenzikofer et al. (2000). In the second chapter we analyzed the vertebral alignment in upright posture and neutral curve of the spine during gait. It was employed the repeated measures ANOVA and intraclass correlation coefficient for statistical analysis in these first two chapters. In the third chapter it was analyzed the trunk tilt forward and the spinal curvature during gait in different periods of the day. In the fourth chapter it was investigated the trunk tilt forward and the spinal curvature during walking and running on a treadmill at three inclinations (-6°/0°/6°). In the third and fourth chapters we used one-way ANOVA and, when necessary, the multiple comparison test of Tukey. All statistical analyzes were performed in Matlab and the significance level adopted was p<0.05. The results showed that the peaks of geometric curvature are more consistent than the angular variables to represent the kyphosis and the lordosis. Moreover, the method proposed by Brenzikofer et al. (2000) seems to be less susceptible to errors compared to the segmented model. In the second chapter we verified that the dynamic protocol provides greater reproducibility than the static protocol. In the third chapter, we found that the trunk and spine showed some adaptations due to the period of the day. In the last chapter it was observed that the increase in the locomotion surface inclination causes a greater trunk tilt forward and rectification of the spine. We suggest the use of the peak of geometric curvature to represent the spinal posture. We recommend the use of dynamic assessment protocol to clinical assessment of the spine deviations. Besides, raters should take into consideration the circadian rhythm in the assessment once it can influence measures related to the postural adjustments. Finally, it is suggested that individuals suffering from spinal disorders need to be careful with sloped surfaces during locomotion because it may increase its symptoms / Doutorado / Biodinamica do Movimento e Esporte / Doutor em Educação Física

Orientador: Wilkens Aurélio Buarque e Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T17:19:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernandes_JoaoPaulodosSantos_M.pdf: 1949531 bytes, checksum: 8b69749dcdca84f0eaba7a2ac05299a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O objetivo neste trabalho foi analisar a influência da dimensão vertical de oclusão na postura da coluna cervical e da cabeça por meio de aferições de medidas angulares craniocervicais. Foram selecionados 17 voluntários desdentados totais, com sinais clínicos de diminuição de dimensão vertical de oclusão, portadores de sinais e sintomas de disfunção temporomandibular e usuários de próteses totais, inscritos no cadastro de pacientes do CETASE (Centro de Estudos e Tratamento das Alterações Funcionais do Sistema Estomatognático) da Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba. Os voluntários utilizaram o aparelho de cobertura oclusal plana para o restabelecimento da dimensão vertical de oclusão e do tônus muscular, por um período de 120 dias. Telerradiografias em norma lateral foram realizadas antes (com as próteses totais antigas) e após o período de 120 dias. Foram traçadas as linhas Sela-Násio (SN), a Linha Odontoídea (OD), a Linha CVT (Tangente da Vértebra Cervical), e o Plano mandibular (LM). Cinco medidas angulares craniocervicais foram realizadas: SN/OD; SN/LM; SN/CVT; LM/OD e OD/CVT e duas medidas lineares foram feitas: S-OD e S-CVT. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística pelos testes t de Student e teste de Wilcoxon pareado com nível de significância de p<0,05. As médias iniciais e finais dos ângulos SN/LM e LM/OD apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes, alterando a postura da mandíbula em relação à coluna cervical e à base do crânio e as médias iniciais e finais dos ângulos SN/OD, SN/CVT e OD/CVT não apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes, mostrando o movimento de extensão da cabeça após o tratamento instituído. Os resultados demonstraram que existe relação entre DVO, postura da cabeça e da coluna cervical e que a terapêutica com aparelhos oclusais interferiu melhorando o posicionamento da cabeça e da coluna cervical / Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze since the influence of the vertical dimension of occlusion in the posture of the cervical spine and head through measurements of craniocervical angles. Seventeen volunteers edentulous were selected, with clinical signs of reduced vertical dimension of occlusion, with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and denture wearers. The volunteers used occlusal plane appliance coverage for the reestablishment of vertical dimension of occlusion and muscle tone, for a period of 120 days. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken before (with the old dentures), and after 120 days. In the radiographs were traced sella-nasion line (SN), Odontoid Line (OD), the CVT line (Cervical Vertebra Tangent), and mandibular plane (ML). Five craniocervical angle measurements were performed: SN/OD, SN/ML, SN/CVT, ML/OD and OD/CVT and two linear measurements were made: S-OD and S-CVT. The data were statistically analyzed by Student's t test and Wilcoxon test with a significance level of p <0.05. The average initial and final angles of the SN/LM and LM/OD showed statistically significant differences by changing the posture of the mandible in relation to the cervical spine and skull base and the mean initial and final angles of the SN/OD, SN/CVT and OD/CVT did not show statistically significant differences, showing the extension movement of the head after the treatment. Our studies demonstrated that a relationship exists between VDO, head posture and cervical spine and that therapy with occlusal devices interfered improving the positioning of the head and cervical spine / Mestrado / Protese Dental / Mestre em Clínica Odontológica

Orientador: Manoel Barros Bértolo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T16:50:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barbosa_CeciliadeMorais_M.pdf: 2147043 bytes, checksum: 3f0da4e61db88f7bc1f515b27d722a37 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Objetivos: Avaliar o efeito do uso de palmilhas no equilíbrio e também na dor e incapacidade de idosas com osteoporose. Verificar a influência dos fatores sociodemográficos (idade, raça, escolaridade, renda familiar, estar ou não trabalhando, estado marital) e clínicos (história de fratura, idade da menopausa, índice de massa corpórea, relato de alteração visual e auditiva, uso de medicações que alteram o equilíbrio, história de quedas nos últimos 12 meses, presença de calosidades nos pés, deformidade no ante-pé, tipo de pé: normal, plano ou calvo, e tempo de uso diário da palmilha) nos resultados. Métodos: Ensaio clínico controlado e randomizado com 89 idosas com osteoporose (72.38 ±6.83 anos) em acompanhamento no ambulatório de reumatologia do Hospital de Clínicas da UNICAMP. Quarenta e quatro pacientes utilizaram palmilhas em ethinil-vinil-acetato com apoio de arco medial e botão metatarsiano durante quatro semanas e 45 pacientes foram alocadas em grupo controle sem palmilhas. Foram aplicados os instrumentos de avaliação do equilíbrio (Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg e Timed Up and Go), de dor (escala numérica) e incapacidade dos pés (Índice Manchester de Incapacidade Associada ao Pé Doloroso no Idoso) na avaliação inicial e após quatro semanas. Resultados. O grupo em uso de palmilhas apresentou melhora significativa do equilíbrio, dor e incapacidade dos pés (p<0.001), fato não observado no grupo controle. A melhora foi independente de fatores clínicos e sociodemográficos, e ainda maior naquelas que referiam alteração visual e uso de palmilhas por tempo mais prolongado. Conclusão: O uso de palmilhas esteve associado à melhora do equilíbrio, mas também de dor e incapacidade. Constitui uma estratégia simples e segura para melhora do equilíbrio e prevenção de quedas em idosas com osteoporose / Abstract: Objective: Evaluate the effect of insoles in balance, and also in pain and disability, on elderly woman with osteoporosis. Analyze the influence of some socio-demographic (age, race, education, family income, whether or not working, marital status) and clinical data (history of fractures, menopause, body mass index, visual changes, hearing impairment, medications that may alter the balance, history of falls in the last 12 months, calluses on feet, deformities in the forefoot, foot type: normal, plain or bald and use time insole) in the results. Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial with 89 elderly women with osteoporosis (72.38 ± 6.83 years) in treatment of the outpatient clinic of the Rheumatology Division of Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Forty-four patients used ethinil-vinylacetate insoles with medial arch support and metatarsal pad during four weeks and 45 patients were assigned to the control group without insoles. Balance scales (Berg Balance Scale and Timed Up and Go test), foot pain (numeric scale) and disability (Manchester Disability Index Associated with Painful Foot in the Elderly) were applied at baseline and after four weeks. Results: Only the group wearing insoles showed significant improvement in balance, foot pain and disability (p < 0.001) that was independent of socio-demographic and clinical data and greater in those with visual complains and in those with longtime insoles use. Conclusion: The use of insoles was associated with balance, but also, pain and disability improvement. It can be used as a simple and safe an adjuvant strategy to improve balance and prevent falls in elderly women / Mestrado / Mestre em Gerontologia

Conventional ergonomics analysis involves building physical mockups and conducting simulated operations, such that the constraints experienced by the human subjects can be directly observed. The limitations of this approach are that, they are resource intensive, less flexible for testing design variability and difficult to involve large number of subjects to account for population variability and thus, it is a reactive approach. With the advent of computer aided techniques, efforts are on to support ergonomics analysis processes for proactive design approaches. To achieve this, real scenarios are being simulated in virtual environments which include induction of representative human subjects into such envi-ronments and are termed as Digital Human Models (DHMs). The main challenge in the simulation of humans is to obtain the naturalness that is perceived in human interaction with the environment. This naturalness can be achieved by synergetically modeling the physical performance and cognitive aspects of humans in such a way that one aspect caters the requirements posed from the other. But in current DHMs, the various elements in the physical performance aspect are not in line with the requirements of higher level behav¬ioral/cogntive aspects. Towards meeting this objective, the influence of physical performance aspects of humans on achieving naturalness when DHM interacts with the virtual environment has been studied. In this work, the task of ’reach’ has been chosen for studying the influence of kinematic structure, posture modeling and stability aspects on achieving naturalness for both discrete and statistical humans. Also, a framework has been developed to give instructions based on relations between the segments of the body and objects in the environment. Kinematic structure is modeled to simulate the humans with varied dimensions taking care of the change of link fixations necessary for various tasks. The conventional techniques used to define kinematic structures have limitations in resolving the issues that arise due to change in link fixations. In this work a new scheme is developed to effectively handle precedence relationship sand change of configuration of the existing posture whenever link fixations change. The advantage with this new approach is that complex maneuvers which involve different link fixations and multiple fixations at a time can be managed automati¬cally without the user’s intervention. Posture prediction involves estimation of the whole body posture which a human operator is likely to assume while performing a task. It involves finding a configuration satisfy¬ing the constraints like placing the body-segments in preferred locations of the task space and satisfying the relations specified between body segments. There are two main chal¬lenges in this regard; one is achieving naturalness in the predicted postures and the other is minimizing the mathematical complexity involved in finding the real time solutions. A human-specific posture prediction framework is developed which can handle a variety of constraints and realize the natural behavior. The approach is completely geometry based and unlike numerical methods, the solutions involve no matrix inversions. Digital human models (DHMs), both as avatars and agents, need to be controlled to make them manipulate the objects in the virtual world. A relations based description scheme is developed to instruct the DHM to perform the tasks. The descriptions as a set of relations and postures involve simple triplets and quadruplets. As the descriptions constitute only the relations between actors, incorporating different behavior models while executing the relations is feasible through this framework. Static balancing is one of the crucial factors influencing the posture of humans. The stim¬ulus for the static balancing is the body’s self weight and is governed by the location of its point of application, namely the center of mass (COM). The main focus is on determin¬ing suitable locations for COM to infer about the mobility of the segments which supports the human structure in slow motion scenarios. Various geometric conditions necessary for support retaining, altering are deduced and developed strategies for posture transitions for effective task performance while maintaining stability. These conditions are useful in de¬termining the posture transition required to shift the COM from one region to the other and thus the behaviors realized while accomplishing the tasks are realistic. These behaviors are simulated through statically stable walking and sit to stand posture transition. One of the advantages of employing DHMs in virtual simulations is the feasibility of creat¬ing human models with varied dimensions. A comparative study is conducted on different methods based on probabilistic and statistic theory as an alternative to the percentile based approach with a view to answer the questions like ’what percentage of people can success-fully accomplish a certain task’ and ’how well can people perform when they reach a point in the operational space’. The case study is done assuming upper and lower arms of hu¬mans as a two link planar manipulator and their link lengths as random variables. Making use of statistical DHMs, the concept of task dependent boundary manikins is introduced to geometrically characterize the extreme individuals in the given population who would ac-complish the task. Simulations with these manikins would help designers to visualize how differently the extreme individuals would perform the task. All these different aspects of DHM discussed are incorporated in our native DHM developed named ’MAYAMANAV’. Finally this thesis will end with conclusions and future work discussing how these different aspects of DHM discussed can be combined with behavioral models to simulate the human error.

Non-contact life detection is a significant component of both civilian and military rescue applications. As a consequence, this interest has resulted in a very active area of research. The primary goal of this research is reliable detection of a human breathing signal. Additional goals of this research are to carry out detection under realistic conditions, to distinguish between two targets, to determine human breathing rate and estimate the posture. Range gating and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) have been used to remove clutter in order to detect human breathing under realistic conditions. However, the information of the target range or what principal component contains target information may be unknown. DFT and Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) algorithms have been used to detect the human breathing and discriminate between two targets. However, the algorithms result in many false alarms because they detect breathing when no target exists. The unsatisfactory performance of the DFT-based estimators in human breathing rate estimation is due to the fact that the second harmonic of the breathing signal has higher magnitude than the first harmonic. Human posture estimation has been performed by measuring the distance of the chest displacements from the ground. This requires multiple UWB receivers and a more complex system. In this thesis, monostatic UWB radar is used. Initially, the SVD method was combined with the skewness test to detect targets, discriminate between two targets, and reduce false alarms. Then, a novel human breathing rate estimation algorithm was proposed using zero-crossing method. Subsequently, a novel method was proposed to distinguish between human postures based on the ratios between different human breathing frequency harmonics magnitudes. It was noted that the ratios depend on the abdomen displacements and higher harmonic ratios were observed when the human target was sitting or standing. The theoretical analysis shows that the distribution of the skewness values of the correlator output of the target and the clutter signals in a single range-bin do not overlap. The experimental results on human breathing detection, breathing rate, and human posture estimation show that the proposed methods improve performance in human breathing detection and rate estimation.

Orientador: Fausto Berzin / Tse (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T20:24:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ries_LilianGerdiKittel_D.pdf: 1293005 bytes, checksum: 5d6c059c185dd54675f7956db6ed91e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as características eletromiográficas e estabilográficas de indivíduos com e sem disfunção temporomandibular (DTM), durante as posturas mandibulares de repouso, de contração isométrica durante o apertamento dentário em máxima intercuspidação (ISOM) e de contração isotônica durante atividade mastigatória não-habitual (ISOT). Na avaliação das características eletromiográficas as seguintes variáveis foram consideradas: raiz quadrada da média normalizada (RMSn) e simetria da atividade dos músculos Temporal, Masseter e Esternocleidomastóide. As variáveis estabilográficas avaliadas foram: índice de oscilação postural, máxima distância medial-lateral, máxima distância anterior-posterior e simetria medial-lateral. Participaram deste estudo 40 voluntários do gênero feminino, sendo 20 destes com sinais e sintomas de disfunção temporomandibular e 20 indivíduos assintomáticos, constituindo o grupo controle. As variáveis foram analisadas por meio da Análise de Variância de Medidas Repetidas e em caso de efeitos significativos procederam-se comparações múltiplas, utilizando o teste t. O nível de significância foi p< 0.05. Os resultados deste estudo indicaram que indivíduos com DTM apresentam mais dor na região cervical (p<0.05), mostrando que as alterações do sistema motor mandibular são relacionadas com alterações no sistema cervical. Os indivíduos com DTM também apresentaram maior assimetria na atividade dos músculos temporal (p<0.001), masseter (p<0.0001) e esternocleidomastóide (p<0.0001) e maior assimetria na distribuição de peso medial-lateral (p<0.01) em relação ao grupo controle. No grupo com DTM foi observada uma significativa redução no índice de oscilação (p<0.05) e na máxima distância medial-lateral (p<0.05). A dor cervical neste grupo pode ter influenciado na redução dos movimentos cervicais para estabilizar a cabeça com um aumento da estabilidade postural. O padrão assimétrico de ativação dos músculos elevadores da mandíbula e do pescoço pode ser interpretado como uma estratégia compensatória para encontrar estabilidade para o sistema mandibular e cervical durante a função mastigatória / Abstract: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the electromyographic (EMG) and stabilographic characteristics of individuals with and without temporomandibular disorder (TMD), during the mandibular rest position (MRP), the isometric contraction during maximal intercuspal position (MIP), and the isotonic contraction during no habitual chewing cycle (CC). In the evaluation of the EMG characteristics the following variable had been considered: normalized root mean square (nRMS) and symmetry of the temporalis, masseter and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles. The evaluated stabilographic variables had been: sway index, maximum medial-lateral distance, maximum anteriorposterior distance and symmetry medial-lateral. This study evaluated 40 female volunteers: 20 with signals and symptoms of TMD and 20 asymptomatic individuals, constituting the control group. The variables were analyzed through repeated measures Anova and in case of significant effect multiple comparisons had been applied, using test t. The level of significance was p< 0.05. The results of this study had indicated that individuals with TMD present more pain in the cervical region (p<0.05), showing that the alterations of the mandibular motor system are related with alterations in the cervical system. The individuals with TMD had also presented greater asymmetry in the activity of the temporalis (p<0.001), masseter (p<0.0001) and SCM (p<0.0001) muscles and greater asymmetry in the medial-lateral distribution of weight (p<0.01) in relation to the control group. In the group with TMD was observed a significant reduction in the sway index (p<0.05) and maximum medial-lateral distance (p<0.05). Cervical pain in TMD group can have influenced in the reduction of the cervical movement to stabilize the head with an increase of the postural stability. The asymmetric activation of jaw and neck muscles is interpreted as a compensatory strategy to achieve stability for mandibular and cervical system during masticatory function / Doutorado / Anatomia / Mestre em Biologia Buco-Dental

Orientador: Cassiano Sydow Quilici / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T20:34:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Merlino_MariaLuciaMoreira_D.pdf: 1405066 bytes, checksum: db272b20e5633bde50dfe462523cf783 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa investiga as relações existentes entre os conceitos de reeducação e consciência corporal promovidos através da abordagem somática Rolfing®-Integração Estrutural e a noção de experiência, quando emergem novas percepções, imagens corporais e representações mentais, colocando-se a metáfora como um produto possível do processo de exploração e transformação perceptual. O Rolfing é um sistema de reeducação postural e do movimento que, através do toque e da palavra, pode produzir alterações estruturais e funcionais do sistema musculoesquelético, mudanças nas percepções e sensações processadas no corpo. Como consequência, podem ocorrer mudanças no relacionamento com o ambiente, consigo mesmo e com o outro. O conceito de memória corporal compreende as disposições, habilidades e hábitos adquiridos num contexto social e político, que influenciam a experiência e o comportamento da pessoa, o que resulta numa trama complexa de sensações corpóreas de particular importância nas abordagens somáticas. A investigação se desdobra em três estudos de caso, abordando a relação entre instrutor e aluno e a situação em que ocorre o atendimento, como um "processo" análogo ao fazer artístico. A qualidade do toque, atenção e presença do instrutor, resultam numa escuta específica das demandas da pessoa, envolvendo tanto os discursos gestuais quanto os verbais. Podem ocorrer insights transformadores no decorrer deste percurso, e quando isso acontece, a metáfora emerge como expressão desta transformação, sendo um mecanismo de apropriação destas mudanças e propiciando processos de auto entendimento a partir do reconhecimento de um corpo-sensível. Esta pesquisa propõe uma categorização das metáforas corporais que emergem destes processos agenciados por abordagens somáticas, que podem fazer ressonância com aspectos estéticos, criativos, emocionais e éticos do sujeito / Abstract: This research investigates the relationship between the concepts of body re-education and body awareness, promoted through the somatic approach of Rolfing® Structural Integration, and also the notion of experience, from which emerge new insights, new body images and mental representations that put metaphor as a possible product of the process of perceptual exploration and processing. Rolfing is a system of postural and movement re-education in which, by touch and word, it is possible to produce structural and functional changes in the musculoskeletal system, in perceptions, and in the sensations processed in the body. As a result, changes may occur in the relationship with the environment, with the self and with others. The concept of body memory comprises dispositions, skills and habits acquired in a social and political context that influence the experience and behavior of a person, resulting in a complex web of bodily sensations of particular importance in somatic approaches. The investigation unfolds through three case studies, addressing the relationship between instructor and client, and the situation in which occurs a "process" analogous to the making of art. The quality of touch, attention and presence of the instructor, results in a specific listening to the demands of the person, involving both gestural and verbal discourse. Insights may occur in the course of this journey and, when this happens, metaphor emerges as an expression of transformation and as a mechanism of appropriation of these changes, providing self-understanding from the recognition of the 'sensitive body'. This research proposes a categorization of the bodily metaphors that emerge from a somatic approach - metaphors that have resonance with aesthetic, creative, emotional and ethical aspects / Doutorado / Artes Cenicas / Doutora em Artes

O acidente vascular encefálico é umas das afecções mais prevalentes e incidentes no mundo. O objetivo geral desta tese foi avaliar as variáveis biomecânicas e clínicas do controle postural em sujeitos com sequelas crônicas de acidente vascular encefálico isquêmico após o treinamento aeróbio realizado em piscina e esteira ergométrica. Participaram 12 adultos que sofreram um acidente vascular cerebral e eram capazes de andar com independência que foram divididos aleatoriamente nos grupos esteira e piscina. Para avaliação clínica foram usadas as escalas: avaliação postural para pacientes pós-AVC, equilíbrio de Berg, avaliação sensório-motora Fugl-Meyer, Medical Outcomes Study 36, teste de caminhada de seis minutos e Timed up and go. Para a avaliação biomecânica, foram analisadas as séries temporais da atividade eletromiográfica de 10 músculos do membro inferior em duas tarefas: alcance funcional e flexão do ombro não parético a 90o. A frequência de aquisição foi 2 kHz. O acelerômetro foi usado para indicar o início e término de movimento e o footswitch foi usado para indicar o término da tarefa de alcance funcional. O protocolo de treinamento aeróbico foi feito após a avaliação ergométrica determinar a aptidão cardiorrespiratória e da intensidade de exercício individual. Após 29 sessões de treino, os sujeitos realizaram novamente as avaliações clínicas e biomecânica. As variáveis biomecânicas durante o ajuste postural antecipatório, compensatório e online, e do movimento voluntário foram: pico de aceleração e de velocidade, root mean square, sinal eletromiográfico integrado, frequência mediana, sinergia, variabilidade, latência e resíduo. A análise de variância mostrou o aumento dos escores da Fugl-Meyer, Medical Outcomes Study 36, Timed up and go e equilíbrio de Berg pós treinamento. Houveram mudanças no root mean square, sinal eletromiográfico integrado, frequência mediana, sinergia, variabilidade, latência e resíduo após treinamento aeróbio, entre os grupos e os hemicorpos. O treino aeróbio melhorou a agilidade, equilíbrio e qualidade de vida de pessoas com AVC e modificou a sinergia postural de forma diferente entre os grupos piscina e esteira e para os ajustes posturais. A segunda análise foi feita com a regressão linear múltipla para conhecer as relações entre variáveis biomecânicas e clínicas. Houve relação forte entre as variáveis biomecânicas e clínicas na tarefa de alcance funcional / Stroke is one of the most prevalent and incident diseases in the world. In this study, we evaluated the clinical and biomechanical variables of postural control in subjects with chronic of ischemic stroke after exercise training performed in a pool and a treadmill. The participants were 12 adults with stroke that were able to walk without any external device. The clinical evaluation scales were applied: postural assessment for post-stroke patients, Berg balance test, sensorimotor assessment Fugl-Meyer test, the medical outcomes study 36 test, the six-minute walk test and the timed up and go test. For biomechanical evaluation, we analyzed the electromyographic activity of 10 muscles of the lower limb during two tasks: functional reach and shoulder flexion. The sampling frequency was 2 Hz. We attached a accelerometer at the wrist to have the information about the start and end of the movement and we use a footswitch to get the information about the end of the functional reach test. The training protocol was planned after ergometric evaluation for the cardiorespiratory condition and individual exercise load. After 29 training sessions, subjects underwent clinical and biomechanical analyses again. The biomechanical variables from the anticipatory postural adjustment, compensatory and online, and voluntary movement were: peak acceleration and velocity, root mean square, integrated electromyographic signal, median frequency, synergy, variability, and residual latency. Analysis of variance showed increased scores of Fugl-Meyer, The medical outcomes study 36 test, the timed up and go test and the Berg balance scale test after the training. The changes in the root mean square, integrated electromyographic signal, median frequency, synergy, variability, latency and residue after aerobic training, between groups and hemicorpos were observed. The aerobic training caused an improvement in agility, balance and quality of life of people with stroke and modified the basic mechanisms and synergy postural differently between groups, pool and treadmill, and postural adjustments. The second analysis was performed using the multiple linear regression model to understand the relationships between biomechanical and clinical variables. There was a strong relationship between the biomechanical and clinical variables in the task of functional reach